Golden v. Baghdoian
Golden v. Baghdoian
Opinion of the Court
Defendants seek leave to appeal a pretrial ruling of the Wayne Circuit Court, declaring § 2169(1)(a) of the Revised Judicature Act, MCL 600.2169(1)(a); MSA 27A.2169(1)(a), as amended in 1993
In this medical malpractice action, defendant Baghdoian is a board-certified orthopedic surgeon. Notwithstanding the fact that this action concerns the care provided by an orthopedic surgeon, plaintiff proposes to use infectious-disease specialists, i.e., physicians who are not board-certified in orthopedic surgery, whom plaintiff advised the trial court would testify concerning the relevant standard of care.
Defendants brought a motion to strike plaintiffs proposed experts, arguing that they were unqualified to testify regarding the appropriate standard of care pursuant to RJA § 2169(1)(a). Plaintiff responded that the procedure for qualifying a witness under MRE 702 prevailed over the procedure contemplated by RJA § 2169 because the Supreme Court’s rule-making authority in matters of practice and procedure is superior to that of the Legislature, Const 1963, art 6, § 5. In a written opinion, the trial court agreed, holding that RJA § 2169 is unconstitutional. Defendants now challenge the court’s ruling concerning the constitutionality of RJA § 2169.
The same constitutional argument advanced by plaintiff and accepted by the trial court was recently addressed by this Court in McDougall v Eliuk, 218 Mich App 501; 554 NW2d 56 (1996).
Were we writing on a clean slate, we would adopt the reasoning of Judge Clifford Taylor, set forth in his dissent in McDougall, supra at 509-519. As noted in Judge Taylor’s dissent, the rule-making power conferred on the Michigan Supreme Court by Const 1963, art 6, § 5 properly trumps legislatively engendered rules of evidence only when “ ‘no clear legislative policy reflecting considerations other than judicial dispatch of litigation can be identified.’ ” Id. at 515, n 6; Kirby v Larson, 400 Mich 585, 598; 256 NW2d 400 (1977) (Williams, J., Kavanagh, C.J., and Levin J, concurring), quoting 3 Honigman & Hawkins, Michigan Court Rules Annotated (2d ed), p 404.
Failure to recognize the distinction between procedural rules of evidence and evidentiary rules of substantive law underlain by carefully balanced political considerations appertaining exclusively to the Legislature, Const 1963, art 4, § 1, has led the majority in McDougall to a contrary and incorrect conclusion concerning the allocation of authority between the judicial and legislative branches of our government.
But for Administrative Order No. 1996-4, we would reverse the decision of the trial court in this cause and remand with instructions that plaintiffs expert witnesses could not testify regarding the applicable standard of care.
Affirmed.
MCL 600.2169(1); MSA 27A. 2169(1) provides:
In an action alleging medical malpractice, a person shall not give expert testimony on the appropriate standard of practice or care unless the person is licensed as a health professional in this state or another state and meets the following criteria:
(a) If the party against whom or on whose behalf the testimony is offered is a specialist, specializes at the time of the occurrence that is the basis for the action in the same specialty as the party against whom or on whose behalf the testimony is offered. However, if the party against whom or on whose behalf the testimony is offered is a specialist who is board certified, the expert witness must be a specialist who is board certified in that specialty.
Ordinarily, before addressing the constitutionality of the statute, we would be duty-bound to examine alternative nonconstitutional grounds of adjudication that might obviate the necessity of deciding a constitutional question. United States v Int’l Union, UAW-CIO, 352 US 567; 77 S Ct 529; 1 L Ed 2d 563 (1957); Lisee v Secretary of State, 388 Mich 32, 40-41; 199 NW2d 188 (1972); Consolidation Coal Co v Dep’t of Treasury, 141 Mich App 43, 53; 366 NW2d 587 (1985). However, we are precluded from doing so in this case for two reasons.
First, the trial court expressly stated that, because the dispute could be resolved on a constitutional basis, it had no reason to consider other non-constitutional aspects of the issue. Consequently, the trial court’s action limited the record available for review. We disapprove generally of any refusal by a trial court to allow a party to make a record that would facilitate appellate review and specifically of a trial court’s action limiting the record in cases involving constitutional issues without reflecting on the central principle that constitutional adjudication is a last resort. However, we are faced in this case with appellants seeking review of an adverse ruling, and they are entitled to have this Court address the issue on the basis of the record as it exists..
Second, although counsel for appellee has now advanced an argument suggesting that the constitutional issue need not be reached, this argument depends on facts not of record — a problem attributable to the trial court’s mishandling of the constitutional issue. Nonetheless, in the absence of a motion by appellee to amend the record, MCR 7.216(A)(4), we must consider the actual record and cannot evaluate material that is not of record. In re Norris Estate, 151 Mich App 502, 507; 391 NW2d 391 (1986); Spartan Asphalt Paving Co v Tri-Cities Constr Co, 68 Mich App 305, 309; 242 NW2d 565 (1976).
Plaintiff, in fact, attached to his complaint an affidavit by one of his infectious-disease specialists opining on the standard of care. Plaintiff’s intention to evade the requirements of RJA § 2169 is quite evident in the record. Plaintiff’s counsel argued to the trial court that “there are issues and maladies that are involved that would be dealt with by multiple disci
In 1993, the Legislature amended the statute at issue in McDougall, adding, inter alia, the following requirement: if the party against whom testimony is offered is a board-certified specialist, the proposed expert must also be board-certified in the same specialty. MCL 600.2169(1)(a); MSA 27A. 2169(1)(a); see also McDougall, supra at 505, n 3. This amend
The remaining justices expressed no opinion concerning this issue. See Kirby, supra, 400 Mich 658-659.
Concurring in Part
(concurring in part and dissenting in part). Because I would deny leave to appeal, I write separately. First, I believe that McDougall v Eliuk, 218 Mich App 501; 554 NW2d 56 (1996), was correctly decided. See Cicola v Rosenthal, unpublished opinion per curiam of the Court of Appeals, issued November 8, 1996 (Docket No. 185594). Second, I believe that the McDougall Court gave thorough consideration to the underlying constitutional issue. Accordingly, I find it unnecessary to issue a peremptory opinion in order to resolve this issue. With an application for leave to appeal in McDougall pending before the Supreme Court, I believe that a decision on the merits of this issue is properly before the Supreme Court.
Reference
- Full Case Name
- GOLDEN v. BAGHDOIAN
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- Published