Ramos v. Intercare Cmty. Health Network
Ramos v. Intercare Cmty. Health Network
Opinion of the Court
*137In this action involving the wages and fringe benefits act, MCL 408.471 et seq. , plaintiff, Joel Ramos, filed an administrative employment wage complaint against his former employer, defendant, Intercare Community Health Network (ICHN), alleging that he had been illegally discharged for engaging in a protected activity under MCL 408.483(1). The Wage and Hour Program (WHP) of the Department of Licensing and Regulatory Affairs (LARA) ruled against him in a *138determination order, concluding that plaintiff had not been discharged for engaging in any of the protected activities listed in the statute. The circuit court affirmed the decision of the WHP, and plaintiff now appeals in this Court as of right. We affirm the circuit court because we are bound by the precedent of Reo v. Lane Bryant, Inc. ,
Plaintiff worked for ICHN for approximately two years. He was discharged from his job on June 26, 2015. At the time of his termination, ICHN informed plaintiff that he was being discharged because he had falsified his time sheet. Plaintiff filed an employment wage complaint with the WHP, asserting that he had a right to be paid his wages under MCL 408.472. He maintained that he had correctly filled out his time sheet and that by accurately filling out the time sheet, he was exercising a right to receive payment of his wages under the wages and fringe benefits act. On the basis of this assertion, plaintiff contended that under MCL 408.483(1), he could not be discharged for correctly filling out his time sheet. He sought reinstatement and back pay under MCL 408.483(2).
*139MCL 408.483(1) prohibits an employer from discharging or discriminating against an employee who engages in certain activities. In particular, the statute provides:
An employer shall not discharge an employee or discriminate against an employee because the employee filed a complaint, instituted or caused to be instituted a proceeding under or regulated by this act, testified or is about to testify in a proceeding, or because of the exercise by the employee on behalf of an employee or others of a right afforded by this act. [ MCL 408.483(1).]
*289The WHP did not make a substantive determination regarding whether plaintiff had falsified his time sheet. Instead, relying in part on Reo ,
Plaintiff argues that the WHP and the circuit court
Notably, this Court has previously addressed this issue and concluded that to fall within the plain meaning of MCL 408.483(1), "an employee must be exercising a right afforded by the act on behalf of another employee or other person. Simply exercising a right on one's own behalf would not bring an employee within the purview of [ MCL 408.483 ]." Reo ,
While we are bound by the Reo decision, we conclude that it was wrongly decided. MCL 408.403(1) does not refer to "another" or "a different" employee; it refers to "an employee." The word "another" does not even appear in MCL 408.483(1). This substitution of one word for another is inconsistent with the principle that "[t]he statute's words are the most reliable indicator of the Legislature's intent and should be interpreted based on their ordinary meaning and the context within which they are used in the statute."
*141Burleson v. Dep't of Environmental Quality ,
"When a statute does not define a word, we presume the Legislature intended the word to have its plain and ordinary meaning, which we may discern by consulting a dictionary." Denton v. Dep't of Treasury ,
We also note that Reo stands alone in its holding. The first Court of Appeals case to address the question, Cockels v. Int'l Business Expositions, Inc. ,
We believe that in order to fall within the plain meaning of the above provision an employee must be exercising a right afforded by the act on behalf of another employee or other person. Simply exercising a right on one's own behalf would not bring an employee within the purview of [ MCL 408.483 ]. [ Reo ,211 Mich.App. at 367 ,536 N.W.2d 556 .]
As to the decision in Cockels , the Reo Court only stated, "We believe [the Cockels Court's] interpretation to be incorrect."
We affirm because Reo is binding precedent. MCR 7.215(C)(2). However, we conclude that Reo was wrongly decided and that a conflict panel should evaluate its reasoning and conclusions. MCR 7.215(J)(2).
Affirmed.
Stephens, J., concurred with Shapiro, J.
MCL 408.483(2) provides as follows:
An employee who believes that he or she is discharged or otherwise discriminated against by an employer in violation of this section may file a complaint with the department alleging the discrimination within 30 days after the violation occurs. Upon receipt of the complaint, the department shall cause an investigation to be made. If, upon the investigation, the department determines that this section was violated, the department shall order the rehiring or reinstatement of an employee to his or her former position with back pay.
"This Court's review of a circuit court's ruling on an appeal from an administrative decision is limited." Buckley v. Prof. Plaza Clinic Corp. ,
We disagree with plaintiff's argument that Reo's consideration of this issue amounted to mere dicta and should not be given precedential authority. "Dictum" is defined as "[a] judicial comment made during the course of delivering a judicial opinion, but one that is unnecessary to the decision in the case and therefore not precedential (though it may be considered persuasive)." Mount Pleasant Pub. Sch. v. Mich. AFSCME Council 25 ,
MCL 408.483(1) refers to "an employee." (Emphasis added.) However, when "an" is used as an indefinite article, Merriam Webster's Collegiate Dictionary (11th ed.) refers to the definition of "a" for the usage of "an."
Concurring in Part
I concur in the majority's affirmance of the circuit court's decision on the basis of Reo v. Lane Bryant , Inc. ,
The majority concludes that, but for Reo , filling out a time sheet on one's own behalf constitutes a protected activity under MCL 408.483(1). This provision states:
(1) An employer shall not discharge an employee or discriminate against an employee because the employee filed a complaint, instituted or caused to be instituted a proceeding under or regulated by this act, testified or is about to testify in a proceeding, or because of the exercise by the *143employee on behalf of an employee or others of a right afforded by this act . [ MCL 408.483(1) (emphasis added).]
*291Plainly, the statute protects an employee who (1) filed a complaint; (2) instituted or caused a proceeding to be instituted under the wages and fringe benefits act, MCL 408.471 et seq . ; and (3) testified or is about to testify in a proceeding under the wages and fringe benefits act. Additionally, relevant to the present case, the statute prohibits an employer from discharging or discriminating against an employee "because of the exercise by the employee on behalf of an employee or others of a right afforded by this act." MCL 408.483(1).
It is only this last clause that is relevant in this case. That is, plaintiff was not fired for filing a complaint, for instituting or causing a proceeding to be instituted, or for testifying or being about to testify in a proceeding. Instead, plaintiff contends that he personally exercised a right to payment of wages by filling out his timesheet and that defendant violated MCL 408.483(1) by firing him for exercising this right.
The majority in this case now contends that Reo inappropriately added the word "another" to *144MCL 408.483(1) and that, because plaintiff is "an employee," he is protected under MCL 408.483(1) when, as "the employee" in question, he exercises a right on his own behalf. However, in my judgment, that interpretation ignores the use of the phrase "on the behalf of" as it appears in the context of MCL 408.483(1). In particular, as commonly understood, the word "behalf" means "INTEREST," "BENEFIT," "SUPPORT," or "DEFENSE." Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary (11th ed.). And, the phrase "on behalf of" means " 'in the name of, on the part of, as the agent or representative of.' " Black's Law Dictionary (10th ed.), p. 184. See also Perkovic v. Zurich American Ins. Co. ,
Aside from the assertion that Reo was incorrect, the majority also suggests that a conflict panel is appropriate because Reo "stands alone in its holding." In this regard, the majority faults Reo for offering *292"little basis" *145for rejecting Cockels ,
Overall, I am persuaded that Reo was correctly decided, and I see no need for a conflict panel under MCR 7.215(J)(2). Adhering to Reo , I would simply affirm the circuit court's decision.
Defendant paid plaintiff for the hours that he claimed on his time sheet. Accordingly, plaintiff has not filed a complaint seeking payment of unpaid wages under MCL 408.481(1). Instead, plaintiff seeks reinstatement and back pay under MCL 408.483(2) for discharge in violation of MCL 408.483(1).
Under this interpretation, the employee is not unprotected given that an employee has the ability to exercise his or her own rights by filing a complaint for employer violations, MCL 408.481(1), and given that the filing of a complaint as well as instituting and testifying in proceedings under the wage and fringe benefits act are protected under MCL 408.483(1). The final provision in MCL 408.483(1) simply makes plain that in addition to these protections, the employee is protected for exercising such rights on behalf of another.
Cockels v. Int'l Business Expositions, Inc. ,
Case-law data current through December 31, 2025. Source: CourtListener bulk data.