Dossin's Food Products, Inc. v. State Tax Commission
Dossin's Food Products, Inc. v. State Tax Commission
Opinion of the Court
Appellant, claiming that the administrative procedure act (PA 1952, No 197
Defendant, .Michigan State tax copimission, filed its motion to dismiss, alleging that,PA 1952, No 197, does not apply to .the State tax commission; that instead the general property tax act applies and, therefore, appellant’s remedy for any alleged impropriety in the hearing before the commission' would be by way of an original proceeding in mandamus in the Supreme Court and not by appeal to the circuit court.
Appellee’s motion to dismiss was granted.'. Plaintiff appeals.
The legislature defined the administrative procedure act (PA 1952, No 197) to be:
“An act to prescribe the rights of the public in the administrative procedure before State administrative agencies; to provide for the promulgation of procedural rules and regulations; to provide for the hearing of contested cases, and rules of evidence with respect thereto; and to provide for decisions and orders of State agencies.”
The act defines “agency” as follows:
“ 'Agency’ means any State board, commission, department, bureau or officer, authorized by law to make rules or to adjudicate contested cases, except the workmen’s compensation commission, the employment security commission, the department of revenue, the public service commission and those in the legislative and judicial branches.”
Section 8 of said act (CLS 1956, § 24.108 [Stat Ann 1952 Rev § 3.560(21.8)]) provides that “any person aggrieved by a final decision in a contested
The general property tax act is a “specific statute” dealing with taxation. The administrative procedure act is a “general statute” referring generally to administrative hearings and appeals therefrom. In determining whether PA 1952, No 197, directly or impliedly repeals the definite provisions of the property tax law, we shall apply the well-recognized rule of statutory construction holding that the repeal of a specific statute by a general statute will not he implied or assumed.
In the case of Mayor of Port Huron v. City Treasurer of Port Huron, 328 Mich 99, we held (pp 111, 112):
“In Boyer-Campbell Co. v. Fry, 271 Mich 282, 297 (98 ALR 827), we said:
“ ‘ “Statutes will he construed in the most beneficial way which their language will permit to prevent absurdity, hardship, or injustice; to favor public convenience and to oppose all prejudice to public interests.” 2 Lewis’ Sutherland, Statutory Construction (2d ed), § 490.’
“A special statute shall be given effect as an exception to the general statute in order to carry out the legislative intent. Board of Education v. Blondell, 251 Mich 528. When a general intention is expressed and also a particular intention which is incompatible with the general one, the particular intention shall be considered as an exception to the general one. Attorney General, ex rel. Owen, v. Joyce, 233 Mich 619; Heims v. School District No. 6 of Davison Township, 253 Mich 248, and cases therein cited. Also, see Reed v. Secretary of State, 327 Mich 108. In Attorney General, ex rel. Owen, v.
“ ‘ “An act will not be construed to repeal or modify earlier legislation, if, giving such effect to the act, an apparent purpose would appear to disturb an established system of written law, covering a vital field in our system of government.” 25 RCL, Statutes, § 169, p 919.
“ ‘ “The principle that the law does not favor repeals by implication is of especial application in the case of an important public statute of long standing, which should be shown to be repealed either expressly, or by a strong and necessary implication.” 25 RCL, Statutes, § 169, p 920. * * *
“ ‘ “When a general intention is expressed, and also ■ a particular intention which is incompatible with the general one, the particular intention shall be considered an exception to the general one.” 1 Lewis’■ Sutherland, Statutory Construction (2d ed), p 532, § 275.” ’ ”
The above quotation from Mayor of Port Huron v. City Treasurer of Port Huron, supra, was reiterated with approval in State Highway Commissioner v. Detroit City Controller, 331 Mich 337, 363.
The legislature was undoubtedly aware of the fact that this Court has repeatedly refused to permit review of property tax matters by procedures not provided in the general property tax act. See W. A. Sturgeon & Co. v. Board of Assessors of the City of Detroit, 159 Mich 199, 202; Sunday Lake Iron Co. v. City of Wakefield, 323 Mich 497, 509; Haggerty v. City of Dearborn, 332 Mich 304, 319.
“The rights of the taxpayer' ihust be zealously guarded but the practical operations of government may not be unduly frustrated or impeded.' Therefore, the legislature necessarily must have'shown by clearly unmistakable language a legislative intention to superimpose the procedural requirements of Act No 197 together with the alternative method of judicial review before this court would be impelled to the petitioners’ view, so compelling is the public need for continuity of services Which musFbepaid for by tax revenues.” " ’ ■
We agree with the trial court on the whole-that the legislature did not intend to repeal the provisions of the general property tax act by enacting the administrative procedure act. The trial court did not err in entering the order of dismissal.
Affirmed. No costs, a public question involved.
OLS 1956, § 24.101 et seq.. (Stat Anii 1952 Rev and Stat Ann 1959 Oum Supp § 3.560 [21.fl et seq.).
Dissenting Opinion
(dissenting). The spectre of administrative tribunal finality confronts us again. Once again we are asked to say that the administrative procedure act, PA 1952, No 197 (CLS 1956, § 24.101 et seq. [Stat Ann 1952 Eev and Stat Ann 1959 Cum Supp § 3.560 (21.1) et seq.]), does not apply to the “final decisions” of an administrative agency which is not among those expressly excluded from the provisions of the act. Once again we are asked to interpret legislative language in such fashion (strained, in my view) that administrative action is precluded from the judicial review by our circuit courts expressly provided by said act. Judged by what this Court recently said in its majority opinion in Imlay Township Primary School District No. 5 v.
That the legislature intended to include the State tax commission as one of the agencies governed by the provisions of the administrative procedure act is scarcely open to question, in view of the following language contained in the first section of said act:
“Sec. 1. For the purposes of this act:
(1) ‘Agency’ means any State board, commission, department, bureau or officer, authorized by law to make rules or to adjudicate contested cases, except the workmen’s compensation commission, the employment security commission, the department of revenue, the public service commission and those in the legislative and judicial branches.”
In the administrative procedure act our legislature said that any person aggrieved by a “final decision” of an administrative agency (other than those few expressly excepted) is entitled to a judicial review thereof as provided in the act.
If we would hold, as indicated above, that the word “final” means something less than judicial finality in the face of constitutional powers of the judiciary to review administrative decisions and actions by certiorari, must we not also hold,,logically, that the word does not acquire any greater scope or meaning in the face of a legislative command that any person aggrieved by a “final decision” is entitled to judicial review thereof by a procedure which Mr. Justice Black correctly . identifies as identical to our procedure on certiorari.
I see no reason in logic or in law, for the judiciary of this State to voluntarily relinquish any of its powers of review over the actions of administrative agencies. Nor do I see any reason for this Court to so read legislative language that conflict is found where none exists, with the consequence that still another administrative agency is freed (by judicial implication) from the salutary provisions of the'administrative • procedure act, one of the purposes of which the title tells us is:
“To prescribe the rights of the public in the administrative procedure before State administrative agencies.”
I would reverse and remand.
OLS 1956, S 24.108 (Stat Ann 1952 Rev S 3.560 [21.8]). * OLS 1956; S 211.152 Supp
(Stat Ann 1959 Cum Supp S 7.210). 1959 Cum Supp S 7.210). (Stat Ann 1959 CumSupp � 7.210).
Imlay Township Primary School District No. 5 v. State Board of Education, 359 Mich 478, 489 (dissent).
Concurring Opinion
(concurring). We concur with Mr. Justice Kelly in affirming the circuit-court’s order of dismissal but principally upon the grounds that tax assessments under the general property tax law (PA 1893, No -206, as amended [CL 1948, §§ 211.150, 211-.151, CLS 1956, § 211.152 (Stat Ann 1950 Rev §§ 7-.'208, 7.209, Stat Ann 1959 Cum Supp § 7.210)]) are not “contested cases” within the meaning of the administrative procedure act (PA 1952, No 197 [CLS 1956, § 24.101 et seq. (Stat Ann 1952 Rev and Stat-Ann 1959 Cum Supp § 3.560[21.1] et seq.)]).
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