Minnesota Court of Appeals, 1985 Minnesota Court of Appeals held that automobile insurers may enforce policy exclusions denying underinsured motorist benefits to family members injured by another household vehicle, extending Myers and Eisenschenk to multi-policy situations.

Minnesota Court of Appeals held that automobile insurers may enforce policy exclusions denying underinsured motorist benefits to family members injured by another household vehicle, extending Myers and Eisenschenk to multi-policy situations.

Linder Ex Rel. Linder v. State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Co.
Minnesota Court of Appeals · Decided March 19, 1985 · Heard
364 N.W.2d 481; 1985 Minn. App. LEXIS 3934 (North Western Reporter, Second Series)

Outcome: Reversed for appellant.

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Counsel

Raymond C. Krause, Mankato, for respondent., Farrish, Johnson, Maschka & Hottinger, Mankato, for appellant.

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(as of 9/30/2026)

Last cited by a Minnesota appellate court in 2001, among the opinions in this site’s citation index.

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Linder Ex Rel. Linder v. State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Co.

What happened

The facts of the case, in plain language.

On August 7, 1977, Jennifer Linder, a minor, was struck by a pickup truck owned by her father and driven by her brother, all residents of the same household.

Linder settled for the full $100,000 liability limits carried on the pickup and did not collect underinsured motorist benefits under that policy.

The father carried $100,000 underinsured motorist coverage on two other vehicles, neither involved in the accident, each insured under a separate policy containing an exclusion for injuries caused by a household vehicle not insured under that policy.

The parties agreed that the exclusion, if enforceable, would prevent coverage.

The trial court ruled that Linder was entitled to underinsured motorist benefits because the exclusions were invalid.

What the court decided

Jennifer Linder, a minor, was struck in 1977 by a pickup owned by her father and driven by her brother, all members of the same household. She settled for the pickup policy's full $100,000 liability limits, then sought underinsured motorist benefits—coverage payable when the tortfeasor's liability insurance is inadequate—under two other policies her father carried on vehicles not involved in the accident. Each policy excluded underinsured benefits for injuries caused by a household vehicle not covered by that policy. The trial court ruled the exclusions invalid and declared Linder entitled to coverage. Reversing, the Court of Appeals extended the holdings of Myers and Eisenschenk, reasoning that allowing recovery would convert inexpensively purchased first-party underinsured coverage into third-party liability coverage. The court also rejected Linder's public-policy argument based on her minority, stating it could not rescue her from her family's decisions about liability insurance limits.

  1. An underinsured motorist policy may exclude benefits to a family member who is injured by a different family automobile, even where the named insured carries underinsured motorist coverage on other vehicles under separate policies. (*483)
  2. Enforcing household-vehicle exclusions in underinsured motorist policies prevents the insured from converting inexpensively purchased first-party underinsured motorist coverage into third-party liability coverage, because such coverage is not designed to relieve an insured or his family from the failure to purchase adequate liability coverage. (*483)
  3. A minor claimant's inability to purchase liability coverage personally does not render a household-vehicle exclusion in an underinsured motorist policy unenforceable as against public policy. (*483)

How the court reached its decision

The court's reasoning, step by step.

Whether an underinsured motorist policy may exclude benefits to a family member injured by a different family automobile covered under a separate policy. The court found the insureds in Myers, Eisenschenk, and this case similarly situated: in each, it was within the insured's power to purchase sufficient liability coverage to protect himself and his other insureds, yet each sought underinsured motorist benefits after liability coverage was exhausted. The presence of multiple policies did not factually distinguish Linder's situation. The court extended the holdings of Myers and Eisenschenk, enforced the exclusionary clauses, and reversed the declaratory judgment requiring State Farm to provide underinsured motorist benefits.

Whether the household-vehicle exclusion is unenforceable as against public policy because the injured claimant was a minor unable to purchase liability coverage herself. Linder argued that, as a minor, she could not purchase liability coverage herself and therefore the exclusion offended public policy; the court acknowledged sympathy for her position but noted the liability limits were decisions made by her family. The court declined to rescue Linder from her family's decisions regarding the limits of liability insurance purchased and rejected the public-policy challenge to the exclusion.

Key quotes from the opinion

Notable passages from the opinion, in the court's own words.

“Underinsured motorist coverage is not designed to relieve an insured or his family from the failure to purchase adequate liability coverage.”
Purpose of underinsured motorist coverage, quoting Myers — *483
“In each case, it was within that insured’s power to purchase sufficient liability coverage to adequately protect himself and his other insureds.”
Insureds in Myers, Eisenschenk, and this case were similarly situated — *483
“To allow Linder to avoid the exclusionary clauses in the policies would be to allow her to convert inexpensively-purchased under-insured motorist coverage into liability coverage.”
Core anti-conversion rationale for enforcing the exclusion — *483
“While we are not insensitive to the position in which Linder is placed, we are unable to rescue her from the decisions made by her family regarding the limits of liability insurance purchased.”
Rejection of public-policy argument based on Linder's minority — *483

Cases the court relied on

Earlier decisions the court cited as authority for its ruling.

  • Myers v. State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Co. (336 N.W.2d 288 (Minn. 1983)) — The Minnesota Supreme Court held that a one-car accident victim could not recover both liability and underinsured motorist benefits under the same policy and upheld a substantially identical exclusion, supplying the anti-conversion rationale that Linder extends to separate policies.
  • Eisenschenk v. Millers Mutual Insurance Co. (353 N.W.2d 662 (Minn. Ct. App. 1984)) — This court's prior decision applied Myers to uphold an underinsured motorist exclusion where the claimant sought benefits on a non-involved vehicle insured under the same policy, and Linder extends its reasoning to vehicles insured under separate policies.

Cases that cite this one

17 later published cases cite this decision.

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Full opinion

The complete text of the court's opinion as published.

Opinion

OPINION

HUSPENI, Judge.

This is an appeal from a declaratory judgment that required State Farm to provide underinsured motorist benefits to Jennifer Linder. The several automobile insurance policies in question each contained an exclusion that denied underinsured benefits to a family member who was injured by another insured family vehicle. The court held that the exclusions were invalid. We reverse.

FACTS

On August 7, 1977, Jennifer Linder, a minor, was struck by a pickup owned by her father and driven by her brother. All were residents of the same household. Linder settled for the full $100,000 liability limits that the father carried on the pickup truck. Linder did not collect underinsured motorist benefits under that policy.

The settlement did not preclude Linder from asserting a claim to underinsured motorist benefits on two other automobile policies owned by the father. The father carried $100,000 underinsured motorist coverage on both his 1965 Mercury and his 1977 Buick. Neither vehicle was involved in the present accident. Each vehicle owned by the father was insured under a separate policy, and each policy contained the following exclusion:

THIS INSURANCE DOES NOT APPLY: (b) To bodily injury to an insured while occupied or through being struck by a land motor vehicle owned by the named insured or any resident of the same household if such vehicle is not an owned motor vehicle.

The parties agree that this exclusion, if enforceable, would prevent coverage here.

Linder brought this declaratory judgment action seeking underinsured motorist benefits on the two non-involved vehicles. The trial court ruled that she was entitled to coverage because the exclusions were invalid.

*483 ISSUE

May an nnderinsured motorist policy exclude benefits to a family member who is injured by a different family automobile?

ANALYSIS

Linder initially claimed underin-sured motorist benefits under the pickup truck policy. This claim was not pursued at the declaratory judgment hearing in light of Myers v. State Farm Mutual Insurance Co., 336 N.W.2d 288 (Minn. 1983). Myers held that a one-car accident victim could not recover both liability and underin-sured benefits under the same policy. The Myers policy contained an exclusion similar to the one here. The court ruled that the exclusion was valid:

Underinsured motorist coverage is first-party coverage and, in that sense, the coverage follows the person not the vehicle. Here, however, the decedent passenger’s heirs have already collected under the liability coverage of the insurer of the Stein car. To now collect further under the same insurer’s underin-sured motorist coverage would be to convert the underinsured motorist coverage into third-party insurance, treating it essentially the same as third-party liability coverage. The [exclusion] properly prevents this conversion of first-party coverage into third-party coverage.

Myers, 336 N.W.2d at 291. Underinsured motorist coverage is not designed to relieve an insured or his family from the failure to purchase adequate liability coverage. Id.

We recently applied this reasoning in Eisenschenk v. Millers Mutual Insurance Co., 353 N.W.2d 662 (Minn.Ct.App. 1984) (petition for review denied). In that case, the insured attempted to collect underin-sured benefits on a non-involved automobile insured under the same policy as the involved automobile. The policy excluded underinsured coverage on the insured’s own vehicle. Because “[w]e [were] unable to factually distinguish the instant case from Myers,” the exclusion was upheld. 353 N.W.2d at 665. Our holding prevented the insured from converting underinsured motorist coverage into liability coverage.

This case raises an issue which we were not required to address in Eisen-schenk, to-wit: is one policy’s exclusionary clause regarding the availability of under-insured motorist coverage effective against the insured who has other of his vehicles covered under separate policies? Linder argues that it is not, and urges that the presence of more than one policy here distinguishes this case from Myers and Eisen-schenk. We are unable to make such a distinction. The insureds in Myers and Ei-senschenk and here were similarly situated. In each case, it was within that insured’s power to purchase sufficient liability coverage to adequately protect himself and his other insureds. Each sought, instead, to look to his underinsured motorist coverages when liability coverage was exhausted. However, in each case, an exclusionary clause prevented him from doing so.

We are compelled to extend the holdings in Myers and Eisenschenk to this case. Linder was involved in a one-car accident. The liability coverage was insufficient. To allow Linder to avoid the exclusionary clauses in the policies would be to allow her to convert inexpensively-purchased under-insured motorist coverage into liability coverage. This would be contrary to the courts’ decisions in Myers and Eisen-schenk.

Finally, Linder argues that, because she is a minor and unable to purchase liability coverage herself, the exclusion clause is against public policy. While we are not insensitive to the position in which Linder is placed, we are unable to rescue her from the decisions made by her family regarding the limits of liability insurance purchased.

DECISION

Reversed.

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