Case 2718679
Minnesota Court of Appeals
Case 2718679
Opinion
This opinion will be unpublished and
may not be cited except as provided by
Minn. Stat. § 480A.08, subd. 3 (2012).
STATE OF MINNESOTA
IN COURT OF APPEALS
A13-1781
In re the Irrevocable Trust of Kristin N. Kuelbs,
Donald C. Hill and Edwardena C. Hill, Trustees;
In re the Guardianship and Conservatorship of
Kristin Kuelbs.
Filed August 18, 2014
Affirmed
Ross, Judge
Dakota County District Court
File Nos. 19HA-CV-10-1541
19HA-PR-10-456
Corey J. Ayling, McGrann Shea Carnival Straughn & Lamb, Chtd., Minneapolis,
Minnesota (for respondents)
Kimberly Hill, Lonsdale, Minnesota (pro se appellant)
Jeffrey Hill, Lonsdale, Minnesota (pro se appellant)
Considered and decided by Bjorkman, Presiding Judge; Ross, Judge; and Hooten,
Judge.
UNPUBLISHED OPINION
ROSS, Judge
Siblings of a woman under a guardianship and conservatorship fight over control
of her person and assets. The district court removed one sibling as conservator,
terminated a trust another sibling had created on the ward’s behalf, and dismissed various
civil complaints the siblings brought against one another. Because the parties fail to show
any errors of law or any prejudice in the district court’s well-reasoned decision, we
affirm.
FACTS
Kristin Kuelbs, who has five siblings, suffered a head injury and memory loss
during a 2001 car crash. She divorced in 2006, and, although she was relatively self-
sufficient, some of her siblings believed that she had suffered from mental illness since
before the crash and needed help managing her affairs.
After Kuelb’s accident and divorce, her siblings sought to control her and her
finances. Since 2007, three siblings, Donald, Jeffrey, and Kimberly Hill, have been
fighting in different venues about Kuelbs’s assets and her guardianship. This case is part
of that ongoing fight. Donald, a lawyer who lives in Arkansas, set up a trust to control
Kuelbs’s assets after other siblings civilly committed her in Wisconsin as mentally ill.
Jeffrey and Kimberly claim that Donald wasted assets, and they sought to recover those
assets. Jeffrey and Kimberly filed the present case in Minnesota district court to require
Donald to present a trust accounting and to terminate the trust. Donald and his wife,
Dena, moved to remove Kimberly as Kuelbs’s guardian and conservator. In their
capacities as trustees, Donald and Dena filed a third-party complaint seeking to recover
Kuelbs’s assets that they alleged Jeffrey, Kimberly, and others wasted. The district court
terminated the trust, dismissed all of the trust’s claims, and removed Kimberly as
conservator. Jeffrey and Kimberly appealed and the trust cross-appealed.
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A more detailed description of the tortured course of events helps frame the
current dispute. Another of Kuelb’s sisters, Lynn Welk, helped Kuelbs retain an attorney
in April 2005, after her husband filed for divorce. The lawyer conferred many times with
Welk and Jeffrey but had only a few discussions with Kuelbs. In June, the attorney
allegedly drafted a document granting Jeffrey power of attorney over Kuelbs’s affairs.
This power of attorney was apparently fraudulent.
Kuelbs’s divorce was finalized in January 2006, and she received roughly
$264,000 from the marital estate. Jeffrey exercised his power of attorney questionably.
He opened a bank account, purportedly on behalf of Kuelbs, but he controlled it
exclusively and never told Kuelbs it existed. He did not show the bank his alleged power
of attorney until a year after he opened the account. He sold Welk Kuelbs’s share of a
family cabin where Kuelbs was residing and deposited the proceeds into his personal
account. He drew checks on Kuelbs’s account for his personal use. He eventually paid the
funds back, but he did so only after four years and without interest.
During 2006, Jeffrey and Kimberly successfully petitioned a Wisconsin court to
have Kuelbs civilly committed to a secure facility based on their stated mental health
concerns. During her commitment, Kuelbs called Donald, who secured her transfer to a
less secure facility in January 2007. A month later she was released to Donald’s care. She
then executed documents granting Donald and Dena the power to “do and perform all and
every act, deed, matter, and thing whatsoever in and about [Kuelbs’s] estate, property,
and affairs . . . as [Kuelbs] might or could do in [her] own proper person.” The power of
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attorney was signed with the approval of Wisconsin authorities and in the presence of an
attorney.
Kuelbs moved to Arkansas with Donald and Dena. Donald formed a trust using
Kuelbs’s assets in August 2007. The trust listed Kuelbs and Donald as grantors and
Donald and his Nevada corporation as co-trustees. The trust was executed “pursuant to
the applicable statutes of the State of Nevada” and stated that it should be construed and
administered “in accordance with the laws of the State of Nevada” but that, “where
applicable, the laws of the State of Arkansas” should control. In October, Donald paid
himself and his law partners $42,515 out of the trust for work seeking visitation rights for
Kuelbs to see her children and securing her release from the Wisconsin institutions.
Kimberly filed a petition in late 2007 in Arkansas requesting that the court appoint
a guardian for Kuelbs. While Kimberly’s guardianship petition was still pending in
Arkansas, the trust and Kuelbs sued Jeffrey, Kimberly, Welk, and other defendants in
Arkansas in July 2008, seeking to recover Kuelbs’s allegedly wasted assets. A corporate
defendant removed the trust’s suit to federal court. The trust paid Donald and another
attorney $17,092 for litigation-related expenses.
On August 28, 2008, Kuelbs irrevocably assigned “all causes of action [and]
litigation” claims to the trust. The assignment was executed in Arkansas while Kuelbs
was a citizen of Arkansas, and it referenced the ongoing Arkansas claims. An Arkansas
district court declared her incompetent and appointed a bank as the guardian of her estate
and Donald as her personal guardian. But after Donald failed to arrange for her proper
medical care, the Arkansas court removed him as personal guardian in March 2009 and
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appointed Kimberly in his place. In April, that court also prohibited Donald and Dena
from contacting Kuelbs. And it appointed Kimberly as guardian of Kuelbs’s estate in
August. Kimberly transferred the guardianship to Scott County, Minnesota. The trust paid
Donald and another Arkansas attorney $32,412 for litigation-related expenses for the
federal court case and also for contesting Kimberly’s guardianship petition.
The federal district court held in April 2009 that neither the trust nor Kuelbs could
proceed as a plaintiff because neither was the real party in interest. It reasoned that, under
Arkansas law, only an incompetent person’s guardian can be a plaintiff in a lawsuit, not
the incompetent person herself. And the trust could not make its assigned claim as the
real party in interest because tort claims are not assignable in Arkansas. Donald, acting as
trustee, appealed to the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals claiming that the trust was the
real party in interest. The Eighth Circuit affirmed the district court’s decision that
Arkansas law prohibited the assignment.
While the federal appeal was pending, Kimberly moved the Minnesota district
court in Dakota County to require an accounting and terminate the trust. Donald and
Dena answered the suit and maintained that Kimberly should be removed as guardian and
conservator. Because the guardianship was now under Scott County jurisdiction, Donald
and Dena were required to file a motion to transfer in Scott County. The Dakota County
court ordered an accounting by Donald and Dena within 10 days and denied any relief in
the guardianship case because the motion to transfer was filed in the wrong venue.
Donald and Dena provided the required accounting.
5
After Donald and Dena provided their accounting, the trust filed a third-party
complaint and asserted essentially the same claims against the same defendants
previously asserted in the dismissed federal case. Donald and Dena filed a motion in
Scott County to transfer venue for the guardianship to Dakota County. The district court
in Scott County granted the transfer request in July 2010, and a district court judge sitting
in Dakota County was assigned to hear the consolidated cases. Donald then filed a
motion to remove Kimberly as guardian and conservator and to order Jeffrey to prepare
an accounting.
Not surprisingly, by then little remained of Kuelbs’s assets. The district court
terminated the trust and dismissed its third-party complaint. It held that res judicata and
collateral estoppel barred the third-party complaint because it was litigated in the prior
federal litigation. It found that the trust could no longer fulfill its purpose due to the lack
of funds. It demanded that the trustees prepare a final accounting. The trust moved for
amended findings and a new trial, but the district court denied the motions. The trust
protectively appealed the district court’s order, but we dismissed the appeal. Donald and
Dena prepared the final accounting in February 2011.
Kimberly objected to the trustees’ final accounting and moved to amend her
original complaint to bring additional claims against Donald and Dena. The district court
granted Kimberly’s petition to amend in August 2011, citing judicial economy. It stated
that Kimberly could “amend her petition to include additional claims against Donald Hill
and Edward[e]na Hill.” It noted that the claims “could be brought in an independent civil
action,” but that the action “almost certainly would be consolidated.”
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Kimberly amended her complaint. She alleged generally that Donald and Dena
had engaged in fraud. Donald and Dena moved to dismiss the new claims, and the district
court granted the motion in February 2012. The district court, however, did not offer any
clear reason for dismissing the amended claims. It merely summed up the trustees’
arguments for dismissal as “(1) the additional claims require Minnesota law to be applied
to conduct that occurred in Wisconsin or Arkansas, (2) many of the additional claims
have been the subject of lengthy court proceedings in Arkansas, and (3) the additional
claims exceed the scope of this proceeding as provided in Minnesota Statutes 501B.16,”
and then stated, “For the most part, this court agrees.” It explained that the only issues
still left to consider were whether the trustees’ final accounting was appropriate and
whether Kimberly should remain as guardian. Kimberly appealed this decision, and we
rejected the appeal because it was not from a final order.
The district court held a four-day hearing in early 2013 to determine the approval
of the final accounting of the trust, the approval of the accounting of the conservatorship,
whether Kimberly should be removed as the guardian, and whether the Arkansas no-
contact order should remain in place. It found that the trustees’ accounting was
appropriate and that the trustees did not engage in fraud or breach their fiduciary duties,
that the payments that the trustees made from the trust were reasonable, that Kimberly
should be removed as the conservator but should remain as the guardian, that a new
conservator should be appointed, that the new conservator should investigate Kimberly’s
various accountings and attempt to recover Kuelbs’s lost assets, and that the Arkansas no-
contact order should be lifted. Kimberly and Jeffrey filed an appeal in September 2013
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with the assistance of counsel. Counsel withdrew from the case, so Kimberly and Jeffrey
filed a pro se brief. Donald and Dena responded and filed a related appeal. They contend
that the district court erred by terminating the trust. Neither Jeffrey nor Kimberly
responded to the related appeal.
DECISION
I
The appellant has the burden to demonstrate error. Horodenski v. Lyndale Green
Townhome Ass’n, Inc., 804 N.W.2d 366, 372(Minn. App. 2011) (citing Midway Ctr. Assocs. v. Midway Ctr., Inc.,306 Minn. 352, 356
,237 N.W.2d 76, 78
(1975)). Jeffrey
and Kimberly Hill include various arguments in a lengthy brief devoid of any supporting
legal authority. They appear to strongly disagree with the district court’s conclusions on a
number of issues and with its factual findings, but it is difficult to discern their specific
arguments. They appear to challenge the district court’s finding that the trust was valid,
its jurisdiction over the matters and decision to hear the conservatorship and trust issues
in a combined proceeding, its approval of the trustees’ accounting, and its denial of their
amended petition against the trustees.
We accepted informal briefing from Kimberly and Jeffrey, and we note that pro se
parties have the right to participate in the legal process. We will reasonably accommodate
a pro se party so long as no prejudice results, see Kasson State Bank v. Haugen, 410
N.W.2d 392, 395(Minn. App. 1987), but pro se appellants still must, at the very least, communicate clearly to the court the relief they seek, Carpenter v. Woodvale, Inc.,400 N.W.2d 727, 729
(Minn. 1987). Self-representation does not relieve a party of the duty to
8
follow court rules and procedures. Fitzgerald v. Fitzgerald, 629 N.W.2d 115, 119 (Minn.
App. 2001) (“Although some accommodations may be made for pro se litigants, this
court has repeatedly emphasized that pro se litigants are generally held to the same
standards as attorneys.”).
Although we agreed to accept Jeffrey and Kimberly’s brief despite its formal
deficiencies, we cannot give any weight to their unclear, legally unsupported arguments.
They seem to restate the facts as they would have us construe them, but they do not
explain why we should disregard the district court’s version of the facts and accept theirs.
They also do not cite record support for their factual representations. We require that
record citations accompany all material facts in a brief. Minn. R. Civ. App. P. 128.02,
subd. 1(c), 128.03. The requirement is especially necessary in a case like this one, where
the record is extensive. See Hecker v. Hecker, 543 N.W.2d 678, 681–82 n.2 (Minn. App. 1996), aff’d,568 N.W.2d 705
(1997). Arguments also require support. We will refuse to consider propositions that are unsupported by legal argument or authority “unless prejudicial error is obvious on mere inspection.” State v. Modern Recycling, Inc.,558 N.W.2d 770, 772
(Minn. App. 1997) (quotation omitted). Jeffrey and Kimberly’s brief
does not cogently explain why we should reverse the district court, and it fails to support
conclusory statements with citations to caselaw or other legal authority. We have
considered their arguments in the best possible light, and, in comparison with the record
and the district court’s decision, we see no error. Jeffrey and Kimberly have failed to
meet their burden to convince us that any prejudicial error occurred.
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II
Donald and Dena assert in their related appeal that the district court erred by
terminating the trust. The district court terminated the trust under Minnesota Statutes
section 501B.03 (2012) because the trust no longer had assets to support its purpose.
Donald and Dena maintain that the roughly $600 balance found to remain in the trust is
misleadingly low because the trust also has the right to pursue several allegedly valuable
tort claims on behalf of Kuelbs. They contend that the district court erroneously
concluded that collateral estoppel or res judicata bars the trust from bringing tort claims.
Whether collateral estoppel applies presents a mixed question of law and fact that we
review de novo. Hauschildt v. Beckingham, 686 N.W.2d 829, 837(Minn. 2004). Whether res judicata applies is a question of law that we review de novo.Id. at 840
.
Collateral estoppel and res judicata are related doctrines that prohibit a party from
relitigating claims that were already heard in another court or should have been heard in
another court. See id. at 837. To apply collateral estoppel, four requirements must be present: “(1) the issue is identical to one in a prior adjudication; (2) there was a final judgment on the merits; (3) the estopped party was a party in the prior case; and (4) there was a full and fair opportunity to be heard on the issue.” In re Trust Created by Hill,499 N.W.2d 475, 484
(Minn. App. 1993), review denied (Minn. July 15, 1993). Res judicata is related but broader. Hauschildt,686 N.W.2d at 837
. It prevents parties from litigating all claims that arose from the same circumstance, even if they are raised under new legal theories.Id.
Res judicata bars a claim when four elements are met: “(1) the earlier claim
involved the same set of factual circumstances; (2) the earlier claim involved the same
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parties or their privies; (3) there was a final judgment on the merits; and (4) the estopped
party had a full and fair opportunity to litigate the matter.” Rucker v. Schmidt, 794
N.W.2d 114, 117 (Minn. 2011).
The trustees’ argument is somewhat convoluted. Donald and Dena contend that
neither res judicata nor collateral estoppel apply because the federal case was dismissed
for a procedural defect rather than on the merits of the underlying tort claims. They then
maintain that the trust can file the claims in Minnesota because, under Nevada or
Minnesota law (which they assert govern the trust), the assignment of Kuelbs’s tort
claims would have been valid. In other words, they seem to contend that the assignment
was valid because the laws under which the trust is now governed would allow Kuelbs to
assign her tort claims, and the federal courts’ holdings that the assignment—signed in
Arkansas in 2008 while Kuelbs was a resident of Arkansas—was invalid no longer have
any effect.
We think this reasoning is erroneous. What current law might allow under the
changed circumstances is irrelevant to the question answered by the federal courts. The
issue is not whether Kuelbs could now assign her claims under Minnesota or Nevada law.
Rather, the issue is whether the assignment made in Arkansas in 2008 was valid.
Although Donald and Dena repeatedly assert that these claims were validly assigned to
the trust, they do so without any legal support. The validity of the assignment was
expressly addressed and ruled on by the federal courts.
In the federal litigation, the district court dismissed the underlying claims on
procedural grounds, finding that the trust was not the real party in interest. The Eighth
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Circuit affirmed. In explaining why the trust was not the real party in interest, the court
explained that under Arkansas law, tort claims are not assignable. Kuelbs v. Hill, 615
F.3d 1037, 1041(8th Cir. 2010) (citing Mallory v. Hartsfield, Almand & Grisham, LLP,86 S.W.3d 863, 866
(Ark. 2002)), cert. denied,131 S. Ct. 1679
(2011). It held that the
assignment was invalid. Id. Donald and Dena disagree with this ruling. Donald asserts
that because the trust should be viewed under Nevada or Minnesota law, the assignment
to the trust (executed in Arkansas while Kuelbs was a citizen of Arkansas, made to
pursue and combat claims in Arkansas, and declared invalid in federal court under
Arkansas law) should be retroactively validated under Minnesota or Nevada law. The
trustees had an adequate opportunity to litigate this issue and explain why the assignment
was valid, but they failed to do so. See id. at 1040 (“[The amended complaint] failed,
however, to address the contention that . . . the Irrevocable Trust w[as] not [a] proper
part[y]. . . . The district court further determined the tort claims purportedly assigned to
the Irrevocable Trust were not assignable under Arkansas law.”). While the tort claims
were dismissed on procedural grounds and are not barred by res judicata, the issue
asserted by the trustees—that the assignment was valid and that the trust could pursue
those claims—was decided on the merits. Collateral estoppel applies to that issue.
Affirmed.
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Reference
- Full Case Name
- In re the Irrevocable Trust of Kristin N. Kuelbs, Donald C. Hill and Edwardena C. Hill, Trustees In re the Guardianship and Conservatorship of Kristin Kuelbs.
- Status
- Unpublished