This opinion will be unpublished and
                          may not be cited except as provided by
                          Minn. Stat. § 480A.08, subd. 3 (2014).

                                STATE OF MINNESOTA
                                IN COURT OF APPEALS
                                      A15-0670


                                    Aristotle R. Trinity,
                                          Relator,

                                             vs.

                        Minnesota Department of Veterans Affairs,
                                     Respondent,

                 Department of Employment and Economic Development,
                                     Respondent.


                                 Filed December 14, 2015
                                         Affirmed
                                     Bjorkman, Judge


                 Department of Employment and Economic Development
                                 File No. 33356891-3

Aristotle R. Trinity, St. Paul, Minnesota (pro se relator)

Minnesota Department of Veterans Affairs, Minneapolis, Minnesota (respondent)

Lee B. Nelson, Minnesota Department of Employment and Economic Development,
St. Paul, Minnesota (for respondent Department of Employment and Economic
Development)

         Considered and decided by Worke, Presiding Judge; Larkin, Judge; and Bjorkman,

Judge.
                         UNPUBLISHED OPINION

BJORKMAN, Judge

       Relator challenges the unemployment-law judge’s (ULJ’s) determination that he is

ineligible for unemployment benefits because he was discharged for employment

misconduct. We affirm.

                                          FACTS

       On June 6, 2005, relator Aristotle R. Trinity began working for respondent

Minnesota Department of Veterans Affairs (VA). In August 2014, a bridge linking the

Minneapolis VA campus to the Minnehaha park system was closed to both pedestrians

and vehicles. Warning signs were posted near the bridge and a chain-link fence was

installed to keep pedestrians from using the bridge. Because VA employees regularly

used the bridge, the VA told them it was closed, that they could not cross it, and that they

needed to use another available access point.

       On November 27, Trinity used the prohibited route and climbed over the chain-

link fence on his way to work. While climbing the fence, Trinity cut one of his fingers.

He arrived at the VA at 6:30 a.m., and completed a “first report of injury.” An on-duty

nurse informed Trinity that he might need stitches, and he was given permission to leave

work to seek medical care. While Trinity waited for transportation, his finger stopped

bleeding. Instead of seeking medical care or returning to work, Trinity went home to

have Thanksgiving dinner with his family. Because Trinity did not work his scheduled

shift, the VA did not have enough staff to care for its residents.




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       On January 15, 2015, the VA discharged Trinity for using the closed bridge and

for leaving his scheduled work shift but not seeking medical care as directed. Trinity

applied for unemployment benefits. Respondent Minnesota Department of Employment

and Economic Development (DEED) denied his application because he was terminated

for employment misconduct. Trinity appealed, and the ULJ conducted an evidentiary

hearing. The ULJ determined that Trinity was terminated for employment misconduct

and was therefore ineligible for unemployment benefits.                 Trinity requested

reconsideration, and the ULJ affirmed his decision. Trinity appeals by writ of certiorari.

                                     DECISION

       We review a ULJ’s decision to determine whether a party’s substantial rights were

prejudiced because the findings, inferences, conclusion, or decision were made upon

unlawful procedure, affected by an error of law, or unsupported by substantial evidence

in view of the record as a whole. 

, subd. 7(d) (Supp. 2015). An

employee who is discharged for employment misconduct is ineligible for unemployment

benefits. 

, subd. 4(1) (2014). Whether an employee committed a

particular act is a fact question, which we review for substantial evidence, giving

deference to the ULJ’s credibility determinations.       Skarhus v. Davanni’s Inc., 

 (Minn. App. 2006). But whether an act constitutes misconduct is a

question of law, which we review de novo. Id.; see also Stagg v. Vintage Place Inc., 

 (Minn. 2011) (“Determining whether a particular act constitutes

disqualifying misconduct is a question of law that we review de novo.”).




                                             3
       This case presents two issues: (1) whether the evidence substantially supports the

ULJ’s factual findings, and (2) whether Trinity’s actions constitute employment

misconduct that renders him ineligible for unemployment benefits. We address each

issue in turn.

       The ULJ found that the VA terminated Trinity because he disobeyed the

instruction not to use the closed bridge and the direction to seek medical care following

his injury. Trinity challenges these findings, asserting that the actual reason he was

terminated was because of his direct supervisor’s “personal disdainfulness” for him after

he witnessed her hung-over at work. We are not persuaded. Trinity was unable to explain

how this prior incident was connected to his termination.         And more importantly,

substantial evidence supports the ULJ’s findings.

       During the evidentiary hearing, Trinity’s direct supervisor testified that the bridge

had been closed since August 2014, that this information was communicated to VA

employees, and that employees were expressly told not to use that route. Photographs of

the fence and warning signs confirm that the bridge was closed to pedestrians. The

supervisor also testified that on November 27, Trinity reported cutting his finger while

climbing over the fence to cross the bridge. After an on-duty nurse examined his injury,

the nurse suggested that Trinity should leave work to seek medical care. Trinity agreed

to do so. He later informed his supervisor that because his finger stopped bleeding, he

elected not to see a doctor and instead went home. Trinity did not dispute this testimony.

The supervisor further stated that the VA terminated Trinity because he failed to follow

the instruction not to use the bridge and falsified information about seeking medical


                                             4
treatment for his injury. On this record, we conclude that substantial evidence supports

the ULJ’s factual determinations.

      We next consider whether Trinity’s actions constitute employment misconduct,

which is defined as “any intentional, negligent, or indifferent conduct, on the job or off

the job that displays clearly . . . a serious violation of the standards of behavior the

employer has the right to reasonably expect of the employee.” 

,

subd. 6(a)(1) (2014). Our supreme court has described employment misconduct as “a

willful or wanton disregard for the employer’s interests or conduct demonstrating a lack

of concern by the employee for [his] job.” Feia v. St. Cloud State Coll., 

, 

 (1976). An employee’s refusal to abide by an employer’s

reasonable policies is employment misconduct. See Schmidgall v. FilmTec Corp., 

 (Minn. 2002) (holding that an employer’s policy to maintain a safe

workplace is reasonable); Cunningham v. Wal-Mart Assocs., Inc., 

(Minn. App. 2011) (stating that absence from work under circumstances within the

control of the employee is misconduct sufficient to deny benefits).

      Trinity’s conduct implicated VA safety and attendance policies. The VA knew its

employees regularly used the bridge access point. So when the bridge was closed, the

VA advised its employees of the closure and instructed them not to use the bridge.

Trinity’s injury was a direct result of his failure to comply with this policy directive.1

Trinity was scheduled to work the day of his injury, but he was allowed to leave work to

1
  An employee is accountable for violating an unwritten policy if he has been made
aware of it. See Riley v. Transp. Corp. of Am., Inc., 

 (Minn.
App. 1990). It is undisputed that Trinity was aware that he was not to use the bridge.

                                            5
seek medical attention. Instead of doing so, Trinity went home and did not return that

day. We conclude that the VA’s policy expectations—that employees not use the closed

bridge and that injured employees who obtain permission to seek medical attention may

not be absent from work for another purpose—were entirely reasonable.             Trinity

intentionally violated both policies. His actions demonstrate “willful disregard” for the

instructions and policies communicated to him by his employer, as well as a disregard for

the VA’s interests. And the VA was adversely affected because Trinity’s absence left the

VA short-staffed for the remainder of the day.2 Accordingly, we conclude that Trinity

committed employment misconduct, and he is therefore ineligible to receive

unemployment benefits.

      Affirmed.




2
    “A single deliberate act that adversely affects the employer may constitute
misconduct.” Vargas v. Nw. Area Found., 

 (Minn. App. 2004),
review denied (Minn. Mar. 30, 2004).

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