This opinion is nonprecedential except as provided by
                        Minn. R. Civ. App. P. 136.01, subd. 1(c).

                               STATE OF MINNESOTA
                               IN COURT OF APPEALS
                                     A23-0379

                   In re the Marriage of: Kiran Kumar Arise, petitioner,
                                         Appellant,

                                             vs.

                                      Anjali Naresh,
                                       Respondent.

                                  Filed January 2, 2024
                                        Affirmed
                                     Schmidt, Judge

                            Washington County District Court
                               File No. 82-FA-19-4468

John T. Burns, Jr., Burns Law Office, Burnsville, Minnesota (for appellant)

Kimberly J. Robinson, Jillian K. Duffy, Robinson, Duffy, PLLC, Minneapolis, Minnesota
(for respondent)

       Considered and decided by Bratvold, Presiding Judge; Ross, Judge; and

Schmidt, Judge.

                           NONPRECEDENTIAL OPINION

SCHMIDT, Judge

       In this marital dissolution appeal, appellant Kiran Kumar Arise (husband) argues

the district court abused its discretion when it (1) imputed to husband the value of funds

lost in the stock market, (2) allocated foreign accounts as marital property, and (3) awarded

respondent Anjali Naresh (wife) conduct-based and need-based attorney fees. We affirm.
                                         FACTS 1

       In December 2006, husband and wife married in India and later moved to

Minnesota. During the marriage, husband worked full time with a $21,841 gross monthly

income. Wife did not work and stayed at home to care for their child. In July 2019,

husband filed a petition to dissolve their thirteen-year marriage.

       To value and divide assets, the parties agreed to a valuation date of September 30,

2019. As relevant to this appeal, the parties had a TD Ameritrade investment account and

two American Express high yield savings accounts. The parties also spent substantial time

and money litigating over accounts at ICICI Bank in India.

       TD Ameritrade and American Express accounts

       As of the valuation date—with agreed-upon post-valuation-date adjustments due to

federal and state tax payments included—the parties had $254,652 in the TD Ameritrade

investment account, $72,208 in one American Express savings account, and $200,310 in

another American Express savings account.

       After husband initiated the divorce proceedings and two days after wife requested

informal discovery prior to a mediation, husband transferred an 80% ownership interest in

the TD Ameritrade account to his brother. Following the transfer of ownership, husband

moved $269,030 from the American Express high-yield savings accounts into the TD

Ameritrade account through multiple transactions. The transfer of ownership and transfer



1
  The parties’ dissolution proceedings have, as the district court noted, “endured an
acrimonious and protracted procedural history.” The recitation of these facts focuses on
the three discrete issues on appeal.

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of funds both occurred without wife’s knowledge and without her consent. Prior to the

commencement of the divorce proceedings, no transfers had been made from the American

Express savings accounts to the TD Ameritrade account.

       Husband then made a series of poor trading transactions and lost over $470,000 in

the two years following the parties’ agreed-upon valuation. On August 2022, the parties

had just over $53,000 in the TD Ameritrade and American Express savings accounts.

       In addressing wife’s contention that husband breached his fiduciary duty to her, the

district court determined that there “is extensive evidence that Husband did not act as

fiduciary for [w]ife’s interests[.]” The district court stated, “[T]here is nothing in the record

that would support that [h]usband’s intentions were bona fide.” Specifically, the district

court found husband’s testimony was not credible and noted, “[T]hese transfers were yet

another attempt by Husband to conceal assets from [w]ife in this dissolution.”

       .ICICI accounts

       In written discovery, husband did not disclose any ICICI accounts or insurance

policies. At his deposition, however, husband admitted he had two ICICI checking

accounts and an ICICI life insurance policy. Wife filed a motion to compel discovery given

husband’s failure to disclose the ICICI accounts. The district court ordered husband to

disclose all information related to the ICICI accounts and sign a release to allow wife and

her counsel to access and verify the accounts.

       Husband made no attempt to obtain the documentation for nearly a year. Husband

sent a series of e-mails to the bank in India, but the communications were carefully worded,

specific to identifiable account numbers, and sent from an e-mail address not linked to the


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accounts. Wife tried to directly get information, but a representative at the ICICI bank

responded that the bank would provide information only to the accountholder or if wife

submitted a “clear, unambiguous authorization” from the accountholder.

       Wife filed a second motion to compel related to the ICICI accounts. In a responsive

affidavit, husband swore he had “no open accounts and the account that was there was

closed in December 2012.” The district court granted wife’s motion to compel and ordered

husband to send an e-mail to ICICI—as drafted by wife and her counsel—instructing the

bank to release the documents directly to wife.

       After additional difficulties, wife finally received the documents, which revealed an

ICICI insurance policy that husband opened the same month he commenced the dissolution

proceedings. Husband also held two ICICI accounts with which he had conducted

transactions between July 2019 and September 2020.

       At trial, husband and his father testified that the ICICI accounts belonged to

husband’s father. The district court found husband and his father’s testimony to be “neither

credible nor reliable,” and “suspect and not supported by the evidence in the record.” The

district court further found “[h]usband’s feigned attempts to obtain his account information

from ICICI were disingenuous” and “undertaken in bad faith.” The court found the ICICI

accounts were marital property and determined that husband breached his fiduciary duty

to wife by distributing proceeds to his brother in an attempt to conceal $58,197.




                                             4
       Attorney fees

       The district court found husband made “concerted efforts to conceal assets from

Wife, while trying to overwhelm her with a series of intrusive demands for her personal

health information, under the guise of an unsupported alienation claim.” The district court

had previously awarded wife $40,000 in conduct-based attorney fees due to husband’s

conduct from the commencement of the dissolution proceedings until June 10, 2022. The

district court awarded her an additional $25,932 in conduct-based attorney fees as well as

$20,012.50 in expert’s fees due to husband’s conduct from June 10, 2022 until the date of

the court’s order. The court further awarded wife $35,000 in need-based attorney fees.

       Husband appeals.

                                        DECISION

       Husband challenges the district court’s rulings regarding (1) the American Express

and TD Ameritrade accounts, (2) the ICICI accounts, and (3) the award of attorney fees.

We address each challenge in turn.

I.     The district court did not abuse its discretion in determining husband breached
       his fiduciary duty to wife regarding the American Express accounts and TD
       Ameritrade account.

       Husband argues that the district court clearly erred in finding that he dissipated

marital assets by transferring money from the American Express savings account into the

TD Ameritrade account, and, by doing so, breached his fiduciary duty to wife. Husband

contends that the district court failed to find that he made the transfers in the normal course

of his business. We are not persuaded.




                                              5
       In reviewing a district court’s findings under the clear error standard, we review the

record to confirm that evidence exists to support the decision. In re Civ. Commitment of

Kenney, 

, 222 (Minn. 2021). “When the record reasonably supports the

findings at issue on appeal, it is immaterial that the record might also provide a reasonable

basis for inferences and findings to the contrary.” 

 (quotation omitted). When

applying the clear-error standard of review, appellate courts (1) view the evidence in the

light most favorable to the findings; (2) do not reweigh the evidence; (3) do not find their

own facts; and (4) do not reconcile conflicting evidence. 

.

       During marriage dissolution proceedings, parties owe each other a fiduciary duty

regarding their marital assets. 

, subd. 1a (2022). During the pendency

of these marriage dissolution proceedings—and after the parties’ stipulated to a specific

valuation date—husband transferred an 80% ownership interest in the TD Ameritrade

account to his brother. Husband then made three transfers—totaling $269,030—from the

high-yield American Express savings accounts into the TD Ameritrade account. The

district court found, and the husband does appear to dispute, that the three transfers were

voluntary and made without wife’s knowledge or consent. After the transfers, husband lost

significant funds in the stock market.

       Husband argues the district court should have found that the transfers were made as

part of his normal business. Husband’s argument on this point is defective in two respects.

First, it does not affirmatively show that the district court clearly erred in making the

finding that it did make, regardless of whether the record could support other findings.

Kenney, 963 N.W.2d at 223 (“When the record reasonably supports the findings at issue


                                             6
on appeal, it is immaterial that the record might also provide a reasonable basis for

inferences and findings to the contrary.”). And second, even ignoring the first defect, the

record does not support the finding that husband wanted the district court to make. As

recently noted by this court:

       The question on appeal is not whether the record could support the findings
       husband wanted the district court to make—it is whether the evidence does
       support the findings that the district court did make. See Kenney, 963
       N.W.2d at 223 (“When the record reasonably supports the findings at issue
       on appeal, it is immaterial that the record might also provide a reasonable
       basis for inferences and findings to the contrary.” (quotation omitted));
       Vangsness v. Vangsness, 607 N.W.2d [468,] 474 [(Minn. App. 2000)] (“That
       the record might support findings other than those made by the [district] court
       does not show that the court’s findings are defective.”). An argument that
       simply cites evidence that could support findings that differ from those made
       by the district court does not identify the evidence that supports the findings
       that the district court made. Nor does it explain why, when we are required
       to view that evidence in the light most favorable to the findings of the district
       court, those findings are clearly erroneous. See Kenney, 963 N.W.2d at 221.
       Thus, challenging a district court’s findings of fact by simply marshalling
       evidence that could support findings that differ from those made by the
       district court is an inadequate way to challenge those findings. Here, there
       is evidence to support the district court’s findings and husband has not
       attempted to show how, given that evidence, the district court’s findings are
       clearly erroneous. Therefore, our inquiry on this point is done. See id. at
       222 (“[A]n appellate court need not go into an extended discussion of the
       evidence to prove or demonstrate the correctness of the findings of the
       [district] court.” (quotation omitted)).

McDonald v. McDonald, No. A22-1421, 

, at *6 (Minn. App. Dec. 4,

2023) (italics in original). 2




2
 McDonald is a nonprecedential opinion, cited for its persuasive value. See Minn. R. Civ.
App. P. 136.01, subd. 1(c).

                                              7
       The district court found that the bank records showed no prior transfers from the

savings account to the investment account before the divorce proceedings began. The court

also found husband had no valid reason for the transfers. These findings are supported by

evidence in the record. Moreover, the district court did not find husband’s testimony that

the transfers were necessary to sustain his trading activity to be credible.

       Despite the finding that husband did not make the transfers in his usual course of

business, husband argues the district court should have considered market losses to the TD

Ameritrade account and ordered wife to share in the losses. Under the statute, a district

court “may adjust the valuation of” an asset if there has been a “substantial change in value

of an asset between the date of valuation and the final distribution[.]” 

,

subd. 1 (2022) (emphasis added). But the district court has no obligation to make such an

adjustment. Id.; see also 

, subd. 15 (2022) (“‘[m]ay’ is permissive”);

Lee v. Lee, 

 (Minn. 2009). The district court did not abuse its

discretion in refusing to adjust the valuation and order wife to share in the losses.

       After the district court determined husband dissipated marital assets, the court was

required to compensate wife “by placing both parties in the same position that they would

have been in had the transfer, encumbrance, concealment, or disposal not occurred.” 

, subd. 1a. In compensating wife, the district court imputed the entire value

of the transfers to husband in order to place “both parties in the same position that they

would have been in had the transfer and concealment not occurred.”               See 

 (“In

compensating a party under this section, the court . . . may impute the entire value of an

asset . . . to the party who transferred, encumbered, concealed, or disposed of it.”).


                                              8
       Husband contends the “attempted concealment” only concerned husband adding his

brother as a co-owner in the TD Ameritrade account with an 80% ownership interest. We

do not read the district court’s concealment-related findings so narrowly. The district court

found the concealment consisted not only of husband adding his brother to the account, but

also due to husband’s three transfers from the savings to the trading accounts without

wife’s knowledge or consent. The district court further found husband had not previously

made such transfers in the normal course of his business or in the normal course of their

marriage. Ultimately, the district court found that “these transfers were yet another attempt

by Husband to conceal assets from Wife in this dissolution.” 3

       We conclude the district court did not clearly err in its findings that husband

breached his fiduciary duty to wife by transferring marital assets out of the parties’

American Express savings account without wife’s consent or agreement after the parties

stipulated to a specific valuation date. We further conclude that, given husband’s attempted

concealment, the district court did not abuse its discretion in imputing the value of the loss

to husband and declining to adjust the valuation of the asset.




3
 On appeal, husband recognized the statute provides a remedy for an “actual concealment.”
See 

, subd. 1a (stating if a party conceals marital assets, “the court
shall compensate the other party by placing both parties in the same position that they
would have been in had the transfer, encumbrance, concealment, or disposal not
occurred”). Husband insists, however, that the statute provides no remedy for an
“attempted concealment.” We reject this contention. If husband “actually concealed” the
assets, no one—wife, wife’s expert, the district court, or this court—would know that these
assets existed. By its nature, any concealments addressed by the parties and brought to the
court’s attention were “attempts” to conceal. The fact that husband failed in his attempt to
conceal the transferred assets does not remove his conduct from the statutory remedy.

                                              9
II.      The district court properly concluded that the ICICI accounts are marital
         property.

         Husband argues the district court erred in determining the ICICI accounts are

marital property. We disagree.

         The ICICI accounts were opened after the parties’ marriage and before the valuation

date, which makes the ICICI accounts presumptively marital property.              See 

, subd. 3b(d) (2022) (“property acquired by either spouse subsequent to the

marriage and before the valuation date is presumed to be marital property”);

Baker v. Baker, 

 (Minn. 2008). Whether property is marital or

nonmarital is a question of law that we review de novo, but we defer to a district court’s

underlying findings of fact unless those findings are clearly erroneous. Olsen v. Olsen,

 (Minn. 1997).

         On appeal, husband contends the district court erred in determining the ICICI

accounts were marital assets because “Husband and his father testified that the accounts

were solely funded by the father and that the transfer to his brother was accomplished by

the father.” But husband ignores the district court’s credibility findings as to husband and

his father’s testimony related to the ICICI accounts:

      • “The testimony of [h]usband and [his father] regarding the ownership of the subject
        ICICI accounts is suspect and not supported by the evidence in the record.”

      • “[T]he sum and substance of their testimony, on this issue, simply was not credible.”

      • “Once again, [the district court] finds that the testimony of [h]usband and his
        father . . . is neither credible nor reliable.”




                                              10
       In rejecting husband’s arguments and concluding the ICICI accounts were marital,

the district court wrote:

              [The district court] finds that [h]usband did not prove, by a
              preponderance of the evidence, that ICICI accounts *6748 and
              *7084 are nonmarital. The only evidence [h]usband produced
              to support his claim was his testimony and the testimony of his
              father . . . which [the district court] finds to be neither credible
              nor persuasive. In fact, the testimony is inconsistent with
              [h]usband’s previous testimony and statements to [the district
              court], as well as the documents admitted into evidence.

       This court must defer to a district court’s assessment of a witness’s credibility.

Sefkow v. Sefkow, 

 (Minn. 1988). Given the district court’s extensive

and well-supported credibility findings, we conclude the district court neither clearly erred

in its findings, nor erred in its determination that the ICICI accounts are marital assets.

III.   The district court did not abuse its discretion in awarding attorney fees.

       Husband argues the district court abused its discretion in awarding wife attorney

fees based upon husband’s conduct and wife’s need. We disagree.

       A. Conduct-based attorney fees

       Husband argues that “[b]ecause the dissipation findings are in error, the award of

conduct-based fees must be reversed.”           Conduct-based attorney fee awards “are

discretionary with the district court.” Szarzynski v. Szarzynski, 

(Minn. App. 2007); In re Adoption of T.A.M., 

 (Minn. App. 2010). A

district court may award attorney fees if a party unreasonably contributed to the length or

expense of a proceeding. 

, subd. 1 (2022); Baertsch v. Baertsch,

 (Minn. App. 2016).



                                              11
       Since we affirm the district court’s findings of fact and conclusions of law regarding

the ICICI accounts, husband’s sole argument for reversal of the award of conduct-based

attorney fees falls short. We defer, as we must, to the district court’s credibility findings

that rejected husband and his father’s testimony. Sefkow, 

. Unsupported

by credible testimony, husband’s appellate arguments to reverse the district court’s

dissipation determinations must fail.

       We also find support in the record for the district court’s finding that husband’s

“conduct has unreasonably contributed to the length and expense of these proceedings.”

The district court extensively examined the evidence of husband’s attempt to conceal the

ICICI accounts, including: failing to disclose the assets in discovery, failing to list the

accounts in a signed affidavit which forced wife to file a motion to compel, “feign[ing]

attempts to obtain his account information” in response to the court’s order compelling

discovery, forcing wife to file a second motion to compel, and liquidating the ICICI

accounts after husband learned wife “had tangible information regarding” his accounts.

       In awarding conduct-based fees, the district court found husband’s conduct forced

wife to “spend considerable time, energy, and money in her tireless efforts to obtain the

ICICI records[.]” The district court found that “if [h]usband had not concealed and

dissipated the parties’ marital assets in a very calculated attempt to hide assets from [w]ife,

[the] trial would likely not have been necessary.” The district court’s factual findings are

supported by the record and its award of conduct-based attorney fees was well within the

court’s discretion.




                                              12
       B. Need-based attorney fees

       Husband challenges the district court’s award of need-based attorney fees to wife,

which we review for an abuse of discretion. Kremer v. Kremer, 

 (Minn.

App. 2017), aff’d, 

 (Minn. 2018).

       The statute requires a district court to award need-based attorney fees if the court

finds the following statutory requirements are met:

              (1)     that the fees are necessary for the good faith assertion
                      of the party’s rights in the proceeding and will not
                      contribute unnecessarily to the length and expense of
                      the proceeding;

              (2)     that the party from whom fees, costs, and disbursements
                      are sought has the means to pay them; and

              (3)     that the party to whom fees, costs, and disbursements
                      are awarded does not have the means to pay them.

, subd. 1. A district court’s failure to make specific findings on these

statutory factors is “not fatal to an award where review of the order ‘reasonably implies’

that the district court considered the relevant factors and where the district court ‘was

familiar with the history of the case’ and ‘had access to the parties’ financial records.’”

Geske v. Marcolina, 

 (Minn. App. 2001) (quoting Gully v. Gully,

 (Minn. 1999)).

       Husband argues we should reverse the need-based attorney fees because the district

court “did not find that an award of need-based fees was necessary for the good faith

assertion of [wife’s] rights.” But the district court found that wife “has a need” for the fees,

and on review we conclude that the order reasonably implies the court considered the



                                              13
wife’s good-faith need to assert her rights in the dissolution proceedings. The district court

also considered the remaining two statutory factors related to each parties’ ability to pay.

Thus, the district court did not abuse its discretion in awarding wife need-based fees.

       Affirmed.




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