Thompson ex rel. Buchanon v. Board of Special School District No. 1
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Thompson ex rel. Buchanon v. Board of Special School District No. 1
Opinion of the Court
ORDER
The above-entitled matter came before the Court for hearing on June 6, 1996 upon the motion of Defendants Peter Hutchinson and Special School District No. 1 (“SSD1”) to dismiss all of Plaintiff Thompson’s (“Thompson”) claims (docket no. 24) and the motion of Defendants Bruce Johnson, the Minnesota Department of Children, Families, and Learning (“MDCFL”), and the Minnesota State Board of Education (“SBE”) to dismiss
Thompson asserts three claims against SSD1. First, he claims SSD1 violated his right to due process as guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, 42 U.S.C. § 1983, Article XIII, Section 1 and the equal protection clause of the Minnesota Constitution, the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (“IDEA”), and M.S.A. §§ 120.0111 and 120.17 by denying him a hearing to challenge the individualized education program (“IEP”) and education SSD1 provided him while he was enrolled in the district. Second, he claims that SSD1 illegally discriminated against him because of his race in violation of federal and state law by improperly disciplining him and denying him educational services. Third, he claims that SSD1 illegally discriminated against him because of his disability in violation of the Americans with Disability Act (“ADA”), the Rehabilitation Act, 29 U.S.C. § 794(a) and state law by failing to modify discipline policies to accommodate his disability. Thompson’s prayer for relief asks the Court to order monetary damages and compensatory education.
With respect to Defendants Johnson, MDCFL, and the SBE, Thompson alleges that he was denied a due process hearing in violation of the U.S. Constitution, and federal and state law, and he asks the Court to order administrative and legal measures to ensure that the state properly administers and enforces the educational scheme created by the IDEA.
The essential facts are not in dispute. Thompson is a 12 year-old African American who was enrolled in SSD1 schools from Kindergarten through approximately the first three months of fifth grade. Thompson left the school district when his mother, Synarvia Jene Buchanon (“Buchanon”), enrolled him in the Minneapolis Community Learning Center (MCLC), a charter school. He began at MCLC December 13,1994 and completed the fifth grade there. In June 1995 Buchanon requested a due process hearing to challenge SSDl’s assessment of Thompson’s disability and the educational program it provided him during the time he was a student in the district. Thompson was not enrolled in a SSD1 school at the time. The matter was assigned to an independent Hearing Officer (“HO”). SSD1 moved for dismissal, arguing that because Thompson was not enrolled in a school within SSD1, it had no obligation to provide a hearing. On August 16, 1995 the hearing officer issued an order and memorandum adopting SSDl’s position and dismissing the hearing for lack of jurisdiction. Thompson appealed the decision to a Hearing Review Officer (“HRO”).
While awaiting a decision of the HRO, Buchanon enrolled Thompson in New Visions school, a charter school. On October 30, 1995 the hearing review officer affirmed the dismissal of the hearing. Shortly afterwards Thompson commenced this suit. Thompson completed the 1995-96 school year at New Visions. During oral argument Thompson’s counsel acknowledged that Buchanon was satisfied with the education assessment and services Thompson received at New Visions and that she was not seeking a hearing on the education provided by New Visions.
I. STANDARD OF REVIEW
In considering a motion to dismiss, the Court assumes that well-pleaded factual allegations in the complaint are true and construes the complaint and all reasonable inferences arising from it most favorably to the pleader. Westcott v. City of Omaha, 901 F.2d 1486, 1488 (8th Cir. 1990). The Court will grant a motion to dismiss if it appears beyond doubt that the plaintiff can prove no set of facts that would entitle him to relief. Id.
II. DUE PROCESS CLAIM
Thompson claims that his Fourteenth Amendment right to due process was violated when he was denied a hearing on his claim that SSD1 failed to provide him with a free appropriate public education (FAPE) and failed to develop an appropriate IEP while he was a student in SSD1 schools. It is well-established that the Fourteenth Amendment protects interests that a person has already acquired in certain benefits and that such benefits are created and their dimensions defined by federal or state laws.
A cause of action is a property interest protected by the due process clause,
Thompson also cannot show that the procedural safeguards established in the IDEA entitle him to a hearing on his claim against SSD1. The IDEA requires states to provide disabled children and their parents with certain procedural safeguards including an impartial due process hearing “to present complaints with respect to any matter relating to the identification, evaluation, or educational placement of the child, or the provision of a free appropriate public education to such child.” 20 U.S.C. §§ 1415(b)(1)(E) and 1415(b)(2). Thompson asks the Court to interpret this provision and “any matter” broadly so as to include a complaint such as the one he raises against SSD1. The Court finds no legal authority to support such an interpretation. The Supreme Court in Hon-ig v. Doe noted that Congress’ purpose in creating the procedural safeguards was to provide parents with an opportunity to consult with schools in the development of a disabled child’s IEP and to participate in any subsequent assessment of its effectiveness. 484 U.S. 305, 311-312, 108 S.Ct. 592, 597-598, 98 L.Ed.2d 686 (1988). The Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals drew a similar conclusion in Anderson v. Thompson and rejected the argument that “any matter” indicates a congressional intent to provide a remedy for damages. 658 F.2d at 1211. In Anderson the court found that what Congress intended was that a parent could bring any matter “concerning the educational situation of his child ... in order to obtain the appropriate educational placement.” Id. Both Honig and Anderson indicate that “any matter” is not to be interpreted as Thompson suggests. Rather the phrase is to be understood to guarantee a hearing if a claimant wishes to challenge a current educational placement. Thompson did not request a hearing to challenge his current IEP or his current school program. The record shows that Thompson was not enrolled in an SSD1 school on June 7,1995 when he requested a hearing. It also shows that he does not contest his current placement. Accordingly, the Court finds that Thompson has no right to a hearing under the IDEA.
Thompson also fails to show that he has a right to a due process hearing under
As the Court finds no basis under federal or state law on which to conclude that Thompson had a right to a due process hearing, his due process claim must be dismissed. The Court also finds no facts or law that would entitle Thompson to relief on this claim under 42 U.S.C. § 1983, Article XIII, section 1 or the Equal protection clause of the Minnesota Constitution, M.S.A. §§ 120.0111 or M.S.A. § 120.17 and therefore Count I of Thompson’s amended complaint will be dismissed.
III. RACE & DISABILITY DISCRIMINATION CLAIMS
SSD1 argues that Thompson must exhaust his administrative remedies before bringing his claims for race and disability discrimination and that because he did not have a hearing the claims must be dismissed. The Court finds SSDl’s argument without merit. Thompson did request a due process hearing from SSD1 and when his request was denied he appealed the decision without success. It is nonsensical for SSD1 to try and maintain that Thompson must have a hearing on his claims before he can initiate a suit and at the same time insist that Thompson has no right to a hearing. Furthermore, while the IDEA requires that a claimant exhaust administrative remedies and request a due process hearing on non-IDEA claims that seek relief available under the IDEA before commencing a cause of action, under certain circumstances exhaustion is not required. See Mrs. W. v. Tirozzi, 832 F.2d 748, 756 (2nd Cir. 1987). The Court finds that the instant case presents those circumstances under which exhaustion is not required. Although the Court would benefit from an administrative decision and the expertise of an administrative agency familiar with the education programs and special needs of disabled children, as the above discussion shows, the IDEA does not provide for a due process hearing on a claim such as Thompson’s. It would be futile to require Thompson to request a hearing on his race and disability discrimination claims only to be denied a hearing. Exhaustion is not required when it would be futile to use the due process procedures. Id. Accordingly Thompson’s race and disability claims cannot be dismissed for failure to exhaust administrative remedies. The Court finds the facts alleged sufficient to survive SSD1 and Hutchinson’s motion to dismiss on the basis of statute of limitations and qualified immunity grounds and therefore SSD1 and Hutchinson’s motion to dismiss Counts II and III is denied.
IV. CLAIMS AGAINST STATE DEFENDANTS
Thompson asserts two claims against MDCFL, the SBE, and Johnson. He claims
In his second claim, Thompson alleges that MDCFL and SBE have wrongfully created or interpreted state laws establishing a charter school system so as to deprive him of a hearing in violation of the Fourteenth Amendment, the IDEA, § 1983 and the education and equal protection clauses of the Minnesota Constitution. As the above analysis shows, Thompson has not established that he is entitled to a hearing under the IDEA or the Fourteenth Amendment and therefore he cannot show the action dismissing his request for a hearing violated his rights. Moreover, as the above discussion shows the Eleventh Amendment bars Thompson’s § 1983 claim. Also, as Thompson has not alleged any facts to show that MDCFL and SBE are not entitled to immunity under the Eleventh Amendment on his equal protection claim or other Minnesota Constitutional claim, Count V of Thompson’s amended complaint must be dismissed.
Accordingly, upon review of all the files, records and proceedings herein,
IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that
1. Defendants SSD1 and Hutchinson’s motion to dismiss with respect to Count I is GRANTED and Count I is DISMISSED.
2. Defendants SSD1 and Hutchinson’s motion to dismiss with respect to Counts II and III is DENIED.
3. Defendants MDCFL, SBE, and Johnson’s motion to dismiss Counts IV and V. is GRANTED and Counts IV and V are DISMISSED.
. See id. at 1333.
Opinion of the Court
ORDER
The above-entitled matter came before the Court for hearing on June 6, 1996 upon the motion of Defendants Peter Hutchinson and Special School District No. 1 (“SSD1”) to dismiss all of Plaintiff Thompson’s (“Thompson”) claims (docket no. 24) and the motion of Defendants Bruce Johnson, the Minnesota Department of Children, Families, and Learning (“MDCFL”), and the Minnesota State Board of Education (“SBE”) to dismiss
Thompson asserts three claims against SSD1. First, he claims SSD1 violated his right to due process as guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, 42 U.S.C. § 1983, Article XIII, Section 1 and the equal protection clause of the Minnesota Constitution, the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (“IDEA”), and M.S.A. §§ 120.0111 and 120.17 by denying him a hearing to challenge the individualized education program (“IEP”) and education SSD1 provided him while he was enrolled in the district. Second, he claims that SSD1 illegally discriminated against him because of his race in violation of federal and state law by improperly disciplining him and denying him educational services. Third, he claims that SSD1 illegally discriminated against him because of his disability in violation of the Americans with Disability Act (“ADA”), the Rehabilitation Act, 29 U.S.C. § 794(a) and state law by failing to modify discipline policies to accommodate his disability. Thompson’s prayer for relief asks the Court to order monetary damages and compensatory education.
With respect to Defendants Johnson, MDCFL, and the SBE, Thompson alleges that he was denied a due process hearing in violation of the U.S. Constitution, and federal and state law, and he asks the Court to order administrative and legal measures to ensure that the state properly administers and enforces the educational scheme created by the IDEA.
The essential facts are not in dispute. Thompson is a 12 year-old African American who was enrolled in SSD1 schools from Kindergarten through approximately the first three months of fifth grade. Thompson left the school district when his mother, Synarvia Jene Buchanon (“Buchanon”), enrolled him in the Minneapolis Community Learning Center (MCLC), a charter school. He began at MCLC December 13,1994 and completed the fifth grade there. In June 1995 Buchanon requested a due process hearing to challenge SSDl’s assessment of Thompson’s disability and the educational program it provided him during the time he was a student in the district. Thompson was not enrolled in a SSD1 school at the time. The matter was assigned to an independent Hearing Officer (“HO”). SSD1 moved for dismissal, arguing that because Thompson was not enrolled in a school within SSD1, it had no obligation to provide a hearing. On August 16, 1995 the hearing officer issued an order and memorandum adopting SSDl’s position and dismissing the hearing for lack of jurisdiction. Thompson appealed the decision to a Hearing Review Officer (“HRO”).
While awaiting a decision of the HRO, Buchanon enrolled Thompson in New Visions school, a charter school. On October 30, 1995 the hearing review officer affirmed the dismissal of the hearing. Shortly afterwards Thompson commenced this suit. Thompson completed the 1995-96 school year at New Visions. During oral argument Thompson’s counsel acknowledged that Buchanon was satisfied with the education assessment and services Thompson received at New Visions and that she was not seeking a hearing on the education provided by New Visions.
I. STANDARD OF REVIEW
In considering a motion to dismiss, the Court assumes that well-pleaded factual allegations in the complaint are true and construes the complaint and all reasonable inferences arising from it most favorably to the pleader. Westcott v. City of Omaha, 901 F.2d 1486, 1488 (8th Cir. 1990). The Court will grant a motion to dismiss if it appears beyond doubt that the plaintiff can prove no set of facts that would entitle him to relief. Id.
II. DUE PROCESS CLAIM
Thompson claims that his Fourteenth Amendment right to due process was violated when he was denied a hearing on his claim that SSD1 failed to provide him with a free appropriate public education (FAPE) and failed to develop an appropriate IEP while he was a student in SSD1 schools. It is well-established that the Fourteenth Amendment protects interests that a person has already acquired in certain benefits and that such benefits are created and their dimensions defined by federal or state laws.
A cause of action is a property interest protected by the due process clause,
Thompson also cannot show that the procedural safeguards established in the IDEA entitle him to a hearing on his claim against SSD1. The IDEA requires states to provide disabled children and their parents with certain procedural safeguards including an impartial due process hearing “to present complaints with respect to any matter relating to the identification, evaluation, or educational placement of the child, or the provision of a free appropriate public education to such child.” 20 U.S.C. §§ 1415(b)(1)(E) and 1415(b)(2). Thompson asks the Court to interpret this provision and “any matter” broadly so as to include a complaint such as the one he raises against SSD1. The Court finds no legal authority to support such an interpretation. The Supreme Court in Hon-ig v. Doe noted that Congress’ purpose in creating the procedural safeguards was to provide parents with an opportunity to consult with schools in the development of a disabled child’s IEP and to participate in any subsequent assessment of its effectiveness. 484 U.S. 305, 311-312, 108 S.Ct. 592, 597-598, 98 L.Ed.2d 686 (1988). The Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals drew a similar conclusion in Anderson v. Thompson and rejected the argument that “any matter” indicates a congressional intent to provide a remedy for damages. 658 F.2d at 1211. In Anderson the court found that what Congress intended was that a parent could bring any matter “concerning the educational situation of his child ... in order to obtain the appropriate educational placement.” Id. Both Honig and Anderson indicate that “any matter” is not to be interpreted as Thompson suggests. Rather the phrase is to be understood to guarantee a hearing if a claimant wishes to challenge a current educational placement. Thompson did not request a hearing to challenge his current IEP or his current school program. The record shows that Thompson was not enrolled in an SSD1 school on June 7,1995 when he requested a hearing. It also shows that he does not contest his current placement. Accordingly, the Court finds that Thompson has no right to a hearing under the IDEA.
Thompson also fails to show that he has a right to a due process hearing under
As the Court finds no basis under federal or state law on which to conclude that Thompson had a right to a due process hearing, his due process claim must be dismissed. The Court also finds no facts or law that would entitle Thompson to relief on this claim under 42 U.S.C. § 1983, Article XIII, section 1 or the Equal protection clause of the Minnesota Constitution, M.S.A. §§ 120.0111 or M.S.A. § 120.17 and therefore Count I of Thompson’s amended complaint will be dismissed.
III. RACE & DISABILITY DISCRIMINATION CLAIMS
SSD1 argues that Thompson must exhaust his administrative remedies before bringing his claims for race and disability discrimination and that because he did not have a hearing the claims must be dismissed. The Court finds SSDl’s argument without merit. Thompson did request a due process hearing from SSD1 and when his request was denied he appealed the decision without success. It is nonsensical for SSD1 to try and maintain that Thompson must have a hearing on his claims before he can initiate a suit and at the same time insist that Thompson has no right to a hearing. Furthermore, while the IDEA requires that a claimant exhaust administrative remedies and request a due process hearing on non-IDEA claims that seek relief available under the IDEA before commencing a cause of action, under certain circumstances exhaustion is not required. See Mrs. W. v. Tirozzi, 832 F.2d 748, 756 (2nd Cir. 1987). The Court finds that the instant case presents those circumstances under which exhaustion is not required. Although the Court would benefit from an administrative decision and the expertise of an administrative agency familiar with the education programs and special needs of disabled children, as the above discussion shows, the IDEA does not provide for a due process hearing on a claim such as Thompson’s. It would be futile to require Thompson to request a hearing on his race and disability discrimination claims only to be denied a hearing. Exhaustion is not required when it would be futile to use the due process procedures. Id. Accordingly Thompson’s race and disability claims cannot be dismissed for failure to exhaust administrative remedies. The Court finds the facts alleged sufficient to survive SSD1 and Hutchinson’s motion to dismiss on the basis of statute of limitations and qualified immunity grounds and therefore SSD1 and Hutchinson’s motion to dismiss Counts II and III is denied.
IV. CLAIMS AGAINST STATE DEFENDANTS
Thompson asserts two claims against MDCFL, the SBE, and Johnson. He claims
In his second claim, Thompson alleges that MDCFL and SBE have wrongfully created or interpreted state laws establishing a charter school system so as to deprive him of a hearing in violation of the Fourteenth Amendment, the IDEA, § 1983 and the education and equal protection clauses of the Minnesota Constitution. As the above analysis shows, Thompson has not established that he is entitled to a hearing under the IDEA or the Fourteenth Amendment and therefore he cannot show the action dismissing his request for a hearing violated his rights. Moreover, as the above discussion shows the Eleventh Amendment bars Thompson’s § 1983 claim. Also, as Thompson has not alleged any facts to show that MDCFL and SBE are not entitled to immunity under the Eleventh Amendment on his equal protection claim or other Minnesota Constitutional claim, Count V of Thompson’s amended complaint must be dismissed.
Accordingly, upon review of all the files, records and proceedings herein,
IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that
1. Defendants SSD1 and Hutchinson’s motion to dismiss with respect to Count I is GRANTED and Count I is DISMISSED.
2. Defendants SSD1 and Hutchinson’s motion to dismiss with respect to Counts II and III is DENIED.
3. Defendants MDCFL, SBE, and Johnson’s motion to dismiss Counts IV and V. is GRANTED and Counts IV and V are DISMISSED.
. See id. at 1333.
Reference
- Full Case Name
- Leroy THOMPSON, a minor, By and Through his parent and legal guardian, Synarvia Jene BUCHANON v. BOARD OF the SPECIAL SCHOOL DISTRICT NO. 1, (Minneapolis), Peter Hutchinson, in his official capacity as Superintendent, Bruce Johnson, in his official capacity only as Commissioner of the Minnesota Department of Children, Families and Learning (MDCFL), MDCFL, and Board of Education, sued as Minnesota State Board of Education
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