Washington v. Minnesota Dept. of Corrections' Supervisor Officials

U.S. District Court, District of Minnesota

Washington v. Minnesota Dept. of Corrections' Supervisor Officials

Trial Court Opinion

                 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT                            
                     DISTRICT OF MINNESOTA                               

 Monroe Bernard Washington,         Case No. 22-cv-2277-KMM/DJF          

                Plaintiff,                                               

 v.                                                                      

ORDER

 Minnesota Dept. of Corrections’                                         
 Supervisor Officials et al.,                                            

                Defendants.                                              


    This  matter  is  before  the  Court  on  the  December  19,  2023,  Report  and 
Recommendation (“R&R”) of United States Magistrate Judge Dulce J. Foster.  [ECF 
No. 57]. Judge Foster recommends granting the motion to dismiss filed by the Defendants 
in this matter and denying Plaintiff Monroe Bernard Washington’s motion for an emergency 
injunction.  Mr.  Washington  filed  timely  objections  to  the  R&R  [ECF  No.  58],  and 
Defendants filed a timely response [ECF No. 59].  For the reasons addressed below, the 
Court overrules Mr. Washington’s objections, adopts the R&R, grants the Defendants’ 
motion to dismiss, dismisses this case, and denies Mr. Washington’s motion for emergency 
injunction.                                                               
                         BACKGROUND                                      

    As the R&R provides a detailed factual and procedural history, the Court briefly 
summarizes the background of this litigation.  Mr. Washington, a pro se litigant, is an 
inmate at the North Branch Correctional Institution (“NBCI”) in Cumberland, Maryland. 
[Compl., ECF No. 1 at 5]. The Defendants are Minnesota Correctional Facility-Oak Park 
Heights  (“MCF-OPH”),  Minnesota  Correctional  Facility-Stillwater  (“MCF-STW”), 

Lieutenant  Jason  Hills  (“Lt.  Hills”),  Sergeant  Glenn  Lisowy  (“Sgt.  Lisowy”),  Andy 
Dubois,  Lieutenant  David  Spets  (“Lt.  Spets”),  Sergeant  Terra  O’Connor  (“Sgt. 
O’Connor”), and Lieutenant Shane Jones (“Lt. Jones”) (collectively, the “Defendants”). 
Mr. Washington alleges, pursuant to 
42 U.S.C. § 1983
, that the Defendants violated his 
constitutional rights.  Specifically, he alleges: (1) retaliation; (2) denial of access to the 
courts in violation of the First Amendment; (3) violation of his Eighth Amendment rights 

based on the conditions of confinement at NBCI; (4) failure to protect; and (5) a claim 
alleging denial of the right to free exercise of religion under the First Amendment and the 
Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act (“RLUIPA”).  Washington also 
seeks  an order  from  the  Court  to: (1)  place  him in  administrative segregation;  and 
(2) transfer him back to Minnesota. [ECF No. 33 at 1–2, 7].               

                           ANALYSIS                                      

    A  district  court  reviews  de  novo  those  portions  of  an  R&R  to  which  timely 
objections are filed. 28 U.S.C § 636(b)(1)(C); Fed. R. Civ. P. 72(b)(3); LR 72.2(b)(3). The 
district  court  “may  accept,  reject,  or  modify,  in  whole  or  in  part,  the  findings  or 
recommendations made by the magistrate judge.” 
28 U.S.C. § 636
(b)(1)(C). An objection 
to  an  R&R  must  specify  the  nature  of  the  objection  and  the  grounds  for  doing  so. 
Montgomery v. Compass Airlines, LLC, 
98 F. Supp. 3d 1012, 1017
 (D. Minn. 2015). 
Because Mr. Washington is proceeding pro se, the Court construes his objections liberally. 
See Erickson v. Pardus, 
551 U.S. 89, 94
 (2007).                           
 I.   Washington’s Objections to the R&R                                 

    A. Retaliation                                                       

    To state a claim for retaliation, Mr. Washington must allege that: (1) he exercised a 
constitutionally protected right; (2) Defendants disciplined him; and (3) exercising his 
constitutional right was Defendants’ motivation for the discipline. Haynes v. Stephenson, 
588 F.3d 1152, 1155
 (8th Cir. 2009) (citing Meuir v. Greene Cnty. Jail Emps., 
487 F.3d 1115
, 1119 (8th Cir. 2007)). This requires Mr. Washington to plead “sufficient facts upon 
which retaliatory animus could be inferred.”  Atkinson v. Bohn, 
91 F.3d 1127, 1129
 (8th 
Cir. 1996) (per curiam) (rejecting a “speculative and conclusory” retaliation claim). 
    The  R&R  concludes  that  Mr.  Washington  failed  to  identify  any  Defendant 
connected to his transfer to Maryland or plead any other facts suggesting any Defendant 
had a retaliatory motive for transferring him. [ECF No. 57 at 11]. Mr. Washington objects 
to that finding, arguing that:                                            

      [I]t is the job and duty of the MN Attorney General’s Office to defend all 
      defendants . . . the obvious conclusion would be for those . . . defendants 
      included to know that plaintiff named them as corrupt to the MN Attorney 
      General’s Office, when plaintiff filed his tort claim[.]           

[ECF No. 58 at 5].                                                        

    The Court agrees with the R&R that Mr. Washington’s Complaint fails to specify 
whether any particular Defendant knew of any earlier complaint, and that he does not 
allege  any  facts  indicating  that  a  named  Defendant  was  involved  in  his  transfer  to 
Maryland. Accordingly, because Mr. Washington’s retaliation allegations “fall far short of 
stating any claims from which the Court might be able to infer the retaliatory animus 
necessary to state a retaliation claim,” [ECF No. 57 at 11], his objection to this aspect 
of the R&R is overruled.                                                  
    B. Denial of Access to the Courts                                    

    To state an access-to-the-courts claim, Mr. Washington must allege that Defendants 
intended to restrict his court access and that their conduct actually “hindered his efforts” to 
litigate his claims. Lewis v. Casey, 
518 U.S. 343, 351
 (1996); see also Scheeler v. City of 
St. Cloud, 
402 F.3d 826
, 830 (8th Cir. 2005) (“In order to prevail on such a claim, 
[plaintiffs] must show that the defendants acted with some intentional motivation to restrict 
their access to the courts.”).                                            

    Judge Foster recommends that Mr. Washington’s access-to-the-courts claim should 
be dismissed because he does not allege an actual injury resulting from Defendants’ 
conduct. Judge Foster also concludes that the Complaint fails to allege sufficient facts “to 
raise a right to relief above the speculative level,” and the allegations seek to accuse all 
Defendants without explaining what any of them did individually to deprive him of his 

right-of-access. [ECF No. 57 at 12 (citing Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(a))].        
    In his objections, Mr. Washington indicates that his original complaint, “which was 
filed several months prior to the second complaint, did not reach the courts[.]” [ECF No. 
58 at 6].  However, Mr. Washington alleges no facts, in his complaint or objection, that 
would establish that Defendants interfered with the delivery of his legal mail or intended 

to restrict his access to the courts.  Nor has Washington alleged that he was actually 
hindered from meaningfully pursuing his legal claims by the claimed delay. Accordingly, 
the Court agrees with Judge Foster that dismissal of this Count is appropriate. 
    C. Conditions of Confinement                                         

    Mr. Washington alleges that the conditions of confinement in the facilities where 
he is serving time, most particularly the Maryland prisons, violate the Constitution.  To 
state a claim for cruel and unusual punishment under the Eighth Amendment, a prisoner 
must  plead  facts  that  show  his  conditions  of  confinement  “involve  the  wanton  and 
unnecessary infliction of pain . . . or are grossly disproportionate to the severity of the 
crime”  warranting  imprisonment.  Rhodes  v.  Chapman,  
452 U.S. 337, 347
  (1981) 
(quotations  omitted).  “Eighth  Amendment  violations  require  both  objectively  harsh 

conditions of confinement and a subjectively culpable state of mind on the part of prison 
officials in creating or condoning those conditions.”  Martin v. Byrd, No. 4:07-cv-01184 
(SWW), 
2008 WL 686936
, at *3 (E.D. Ark. Mar. 10, 2008). Mr. Washington must allege 
that his conditions of confinement amounted to “the denial of ‘the minimal civilized 
measure of life’s necessities.’”  Farmer v. Brennan, 
511 U.S. 825, 834
 (1994) (quoting 

Rhodes, 425 U.S. at 347).  Subsequently, he has to demonstrate that the prison officials 
whose conduct he is contesting had a sufficiently culpable state of mind and that they 
“acted or failed to act despite [their] knowledge of a considerable danger of serious injury.” 
Id. at 842.                                                               
    The  R&R  found  that  Mr.  Washington  failed  to  identify  any  condition  of  his 

confinement in the Maryland facility that might be construed as objectively harsh. In his 
objections, Mr. Washington asserts that “it is not only defendants’ job to know, what the 
conditions are of Maryland prisons, but its defendants’ duty” and that all states are required 
“to be in the know and aware of conditions, rules, and policies of other states.” [ECF No. 
58 at 7]. Furthermore, Washington states that for Defendants “to not know . . . is negligent 
and a violation of plaintiff’s rights to minimal civilized measure of life’s necessities.” [Id.] 

    The  Court  agrees  with  the  R&R’s  conclusion  that  Mr.  Washington  did  not 
sufficiently show how he was denied a minimal civilized measure of life’s necessities. He 
provided nothing beyond the conclusory assertions in his complaint that the Maryland 
facility is a “supermax” that double bunks inmates. He also failed to adequately convey 
how the Minnesota-based Defendants were aware of conditions in a facility in Maryland, 
or “identify any condition of his confinement in the Minnesota facilities that might be 

construed as objectively harsh.” [ECF No. 57 at 13]. As such, Mr. Washington’s objection 
to this aspect of the R&R is overruled.                                   
    D. Failure to Protect                                                
    To establish a failure-to-protect claim under the Eighth Amendment, a detainee 
must show that the defendant “was deliberately indifferent to a ‘substantial risk of serious 

harm’” to the detainee. Young v. Selk, 
508 F.3d 868, 872
 (8th Cir. 2007) (quoting Farmer, 
511 U.S. at 828
). A plaintiff must meet two requirements, one objective and one subjective, 
in order to make such a showing. Whitson v. Stone Cnty. Jail, 
602 F.3d 920, 923
 (8th Cir. 
2010). “The first requirement tests whether, viewed objectively, the deprivation of rights 
was sufficiently serious; i.e., whether the inmate ‘is incarcerated under conditions posing 

a substantial risk of serious harm.’” 
Id.
 (quoting Farmer, 
511 U.S. at 834
). “The second 
requirement is subjective and requires that the inmate prove that the [state] official had a 
‘sufficiently culpable state of mind.’” 
Id.
 (quoting Farmer, 
511 U.S. at 834
). 
    The R&R found that Mr. Washington’s failure-to-protect claim was conclusory and 
is the “kind of . . . accusation precluded under Iqbal[.]”1  [ECF No. 57 at 15].  Further, 

Judge Foster determined that the complaint’s allegations did not raise a right to relief above 
the speculative level or create a reasonable inference that any of the named Defendants was 
on notice that Mr. Washington faced a substantial risk of harm. [Id.].    
    Mr. Washington objects to the R&R’s findings here and states that he met with 
multiple  Defendants  and  informed  the  Defendants  about  “contracts  being  placed  on 
inmates, including [Mr. Washington]” because a gang member had an illicit relationship 

with  a  female  prison  guard.    [ECF  No.  58  at  10].    But  as  explained  in  the  R&R, 
Mr. Washington’s complaint fails to state how the Defendants were deliberately indifferent 
to a risk of harm presented by the alleged July 12, 2019, attack on Washington at the 
Minnesota Correctional Facility, and the allegations relating to the meeting do not show 
how the Defendants failed to take reasonable steps to protect him.        

    E. Free Exercise of Religion                                         
    Mr. Washington has provided only a vaguely worded and non-specific objection to 
the R&R’s conclusion that he failed to adequately allege a free-exercise claim. As such, 
the Court reviews this aspect of the R&R for clear error.  See Montgomery v. Compass 
Airlines, LLC, 
98 F. Supp. 3d 1012, 1017
 (D. Minn. 2015) (observing that objections to a 

R&R that “are not specific but merely repeat arguments presented to and considered by a 
magistrate judge are not entitled to de novo review, but rather are reviewed for clear error”). 


    1 Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 
556 U.S. 662, 678
 (2009).                       
    Based on the Court’s review of the record, the Court finds no error in Judge Foster’s 
determination that Mr. Washington’s “conclusory allegations that Defendants violated his 

right to practice by limiting his access, privileges, and available resources [ECF No. 1 at 
5], are not sufficient to state a claim for relief.” Accordingly, Mr. Washington’s objections 
to this aspect of the R&R are overruled and the recommendation that the free-exercise 
claim be dismissed is accepted.                                           
    F.  Claims Against Defendant “Sgt. Hilleren”                         

    With the exception of the defendant known as “Sgt. Hilleren,” counsel has appeared 
in this case on behalf of every listed defendant.  [See ECF No. 37 at 1, n.2, stating that 
counsel did not appear for “Sgt. Hilleren” because the DOC is unable to identify this 
defendant]. No proof of service on Sgt. Hilleren has been filed and this defendant’s waiver 
of service request was returned unexecuted. [ECF No. 36]. As stated in the R&R, more 
than 90 days have elapsed since Mr. Washington initiated this action, and he has not shown 

good cause for his failure to effect timely service on Sgt. Hilleren. The claims against this 
defendant will be dismissed under Rule 4(m) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. 
 II.  Injunctive Relief                                                  
    As stated in the R&R, Mr. Washington’s claims relating to his motion for an 
emergency injunction were not made prior to his request for injunctive relief. Therefore, 

because  Mr.  Washington  did  not  assert  these  claims  in  his  complaint,  they  are  not 
properly pled, and his emergency injunctive relief request is denied. Even if they had 
been properly pled, the dismissal of each Count for failure to state a claim would also 
require denial of injunctive relief.                                      
                         CONCLUSION                                      

    The Court adopts Judge Foster’s findings, grants Defendants’ motion to dismiss 
with prejudice and denies Mr. Washington’s request for an emergency injunction. For the 
foregoing reasons, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that:                             
    1.  The  Magistrate  Judge’s  December  19,  2023,  R&R  [ECF  No.  57]  is 
      ACCEPTED;                                                          
    2.  Defendants’ Motion to Dismiss [ECF No. 48] is GRANTED;           

    3.  Plaintiff  Monroe  Bernard  Washington’s  objections  [ECF  No.  58]  are 

      OVERRULED;                                                         
    4.  Plaintiff’s Request for Emergency Injunction is [ECF No. 33] DENIED; 
    5.  This  action  is  DISMISSED  WITH  PREJUDICE  as  to  the  following 
      Defendants:  Minnesota  Correctional  Facility-Oak  Park  Heights,  Minnesota 
      Correctional Facility-Stillwater, Lieutenant Jason Hills, Sergeant Glenn Lisowy, 
      Andy  Dubois,  Lieutenant  David  Spets,  Sergeant  Terra  O’Connor,  and 
      Lieutenant Shane Jones; and                                        
    6.  This  action  is  DISMISSED  WITHOUT  PREJUDICE  as  to  Defendant 
      Sergeant Hilleren.                                                 

    LET JUDGMENT BE ENTERED ACCORDINGLY.                                 


Date: March 20, 2024            s/Katherine Menendez                     
                                Katherine Menendez                       
                                United States District Court             

Trial Court Opinion

                 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT                            
                     DISTRICT OF MINNESOTA                               

 Monroe Bernard Washington,         Case No. 22-cv-2277-KMM/DJF          

                Plaintiff,                                               

 v.                                                                      

ORDER

 Minnesota Dept. of Corrections’                                         
 Supervisor Officials et al.,                                            

                Defendants.                                              


    This  matter  is  before  the  Court  on  the  December  19,  2023,  Report  and 
Recommendation (“R&R”) of United States Magistrate Judge Dulce J. Foster.  [ECF 
No. 57]. Judge Foster recommends granting the motion to dismiss filed by the Defendants 
in this matter and denying Plaintiff Monroe Bernard Washington’s motion for an emergency 
injunction.  Mr.  Washington  filed  timely  objections  to  the  R&R  [ECF  No.  58],  and 
Defendants filed a timely response [ECF No. 59].  For the reasons addressed below, the 
Court overrules Mr. Washington’s objections, adopts the R&R, grants the Defendants’ 
motion to dismiss, dismisses this case, and denies Mr. Washington’s motion for emergency 
injunction.                                                               
                         BACKGROUND                                      

    As the R&R provides a detailed factual and procedural history, the Court briefly 
summarizes the background of this litigation.  Mr. Washington, a pro se litigant, is an 
inmate at the North Branch Correctional Institution (“NBCI”) in Cumberland, Maryland. 
[Compl., ECF No. 1 at 5]. The Defendants are Minnesota Correctional Facility-Oak Park 
Heights  (“MCF-OPH”),  Minnesota  Correctional  Facility-Stillwater  (“MCF-STW”), 

Lieutenant  Jason  Hills  (“Lt.  Hills”),  Sergeant  Glenn  Lisowy  (“Sgt.  Lisowy”),  Andy 
Dubois,  Lieutenant  David  Spets  (“Lt.  Spets”),  Sergeant  Terra  O’Connor  (“Sgt. 
O’Connor”), and Lieutenant Shane Jones (“Lt. Jones”) (collectively, the “Defendants”). 
Mr. Washington alleges, pursuant to 
42 U.S.C. § 1983
, that the Defendants violated his 
constitutional rights.  Specifically, he alleges: (1) retaliation; (2) denial of access to the 
courts in violation of the First Amendment; (3) violation of his Eighth Amendment rights 

based on the conditions of confinement at NBCI; (4) failure to protect; and (5) a claim 
alleging denial of the right to free exercise of religion under the First Amendment and the 
Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act (“RLUIPA”).  Washington also 
seeks  an order  from  the  Court  to: (1)  place  him in  administrative segregation;  and 
(2) transfer him back to Minnesota. [ECF No. 33 at 1–2, 7].               

                           ANALYSIS                                      

    A  district  court  reviews  de  novo  those  portions  of  an  R&R  to  which  timely 
objections are filed. 28 U.S.C § 636(b)(1)(C); Fed. R. Civ. P. 72(b)(3); LR 72.2(b)(3). The 
district  court  “may  accept,  reject,  or  modify,  in  whole  or  in  part,  the  findings  or 
recommendations made by the magistrate judge.” 
28 U.S.C. § 636
(b)(1)(C). An objection 
to  an  R&R  must  specify  the  nature  of  the  objection  and  the  grounds  for  doing  so. 
Montgomery v. Compass Airlines, LLC, 
98 F. Supp. 3d 1012, 1017
 (D. Minn. 2015). 
Because Mr. Washington is proceeding pro se, the Court construes his objections liberally. 
See Erickson v. Pardus, 
551 U.S. 89, 94
 (2007).                           
 I.   Washington’s Objections to the R&R                                 

    A. Retaliation                                                       

    To state a claim for retaliation, Mr. Washington must allege that: (1) he exercised a 
constitutionally protected right; (2) Defendants disciplined him; and (3) exercising his 
constitutional right was Defendants’ motivation for the discipline. Haynes v. Stephenson, 
588 F.3d 1152, 1155
 (8th Cir. 2009) (citing Meuir v. Greene Cnty. Jail Emps., 
487 F.3d 1115
, 1119 (8th Cir. 2007)). This requires Mr. Washington to plead “sufficient facts upon 
which retaliatory animus could be inferred.”  Atkinson v. Bohn, 
91 F.3d 1127, 1129
 (8th 
Cir. 1996) (per curiam) (rejecting a “speculative and conclusory” retaliation claim). 
    The  R&R  concludes  that  Mr.  Washington  failed  to  identify  any  Defendant 
connected to his transfer to Maryland or plead any other facts suggesting any Defendant 
had a retaliatory motive for transferring him. [ECF No. 57 at 11]. Mr. Washington objects 
to that finding, arguing that:                                            

      [I]t is the job and duty of the MN Attorney General’s Office to defend all 
      defendants . . . the obvious conclusion would be for those . . . defendants 
      included to know that plaintiff named them as corrupt to the MN Attorney 
      General’s Office, when plaintiff filed his tort claim[.]           

[ECF No. 58 at 5].                                                        

    The Court agrees with the R&R that Mr. Washington’s Complaint fails to specify 
whether any particular Defendant knew of any earlier complaint, and that he does not 
allege  any  facts  indicating  that  a  named  Defendant  was  involved  in  his  transfer  to 
Maryland. Accordingly, because Mr. Washington’s retaliation allegations “fall far short of 
stating any claims from which the Court might be able to infer the retaliatory animus 
necessary to state a retaliation claim,” [ECF No. 57 at 11], his objection to this aspect 
of the R&R is overruled.                                                  
    B. Denial of Access to the Courts                                    

    To state an access-to-the-courts claim, Mr. Washington must allege that Defendants 
intended to restrict his court access and that their conduct actually “hindered his efforts” to 
litigate his claims. Lewis v. Casey, 
518 U.S. 343, 351
 (1996); see also Scheeler v. City of 
St. Cloud, 
402 F.3d 826
, 830 (8th Cir. 2005) (“In order to prevail on such a claim, 
[plaintiffs] must show that the defendants acted with some intentional motivation to restrict 
their access to the courts.”).                                            

    Judge Foster recommends that Mr. Washington’s access-to-the-courts claim should 
be dismissed because he does not allege an actual injury resulting from Defendants’ 
conduct. Judge Foster also concludes that the Complaint fails to allege sufficient facts “to 
raise a right to relief above the speculative level,” and the allegations seek to accuse all 
Defendants without explaining what any of them did individually to deprive him of his 

right-of-access. [ECF No. 57 at 12 (citing Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(a))].        
    In his objections, Mr. Washington indicates that his original complaint, “which was 
filed several months prior to the second complaint, did not reach the courts[.]” [ECF No. 
58 at 6].  However, Mr. Washington alleges no facts, in his complaint or objection, that 
would establish that Defendants interfered with the delivery of his legal mail or intended 

to restrict his access to the courts.  Nor has Washington alleged that he was actually 
hindered from meaningfully pursuing his legal claims by the claimed delay. Accordingly, 
the Court agrees with Judge Foster that dismissal of this Count is appropriate. 
    C. Conditions of Confinement                                         

    Mr. Washington alleges that the conditions of confinement in the facilities where 
he is serving time, most particularly the Maryland prisons, violate the Constitution.  To 
state a claim for cruel and unusual punishment under the Eighth Amendment, a prisoner 
must  plead  facts  that  show  his  conditions  of  confinement  “involve  the  wanton  and 
unnecessary infliction of pain . . . or are grossly disproportionate to the severity of the 
crime”  warranting  imprisonment.  Rhodes  v.  Chapman,  
452 U.S. 337, 347
  (1981) 
(quotations  omitted).  “Eighth  Amendment  violations  require  both  objectively  harsh 

conditions of confinement and a subjectively culpable state of mind on the part of prison 
officials in creating or condoning those conditions.”  Martin v. Byrd, No. 4:07-cv-01184 
(SWW), 
2008 WL 686936
, at *3 (E.D. Ark. Mar. 10, 2008). Mr. Washington must allege 
that his conditions of confinement amounted to “the denial of ‘the minimal civilized 
measure of life’s necessities.’”  Farmer v. Brennan, 
511 U.S. 825, 834
 (1994) (quoting 

Rhodes, 425 U.S. at 347).  Subsequently, he has to demonstrate that the prison officials 
whose conduct he is contesting had a sufficiently culpable state of mind and that they 
“acted or failed to act despite [their] knowledge of a considerable danger of serious injury.” 
Id. at 842.                                                               
    The  R&R  found  that  Mr.  Washington  failed  to  identify  any  condition  of  his 

confinement in the Maryland facility that might be construed as objectively harsh. In his 
objections, Mr. Washington asserts that “it is not only defendants’ job to know, what the 
conditions are of Maryland prisons, but its defendants’ duty” and that all states are required 
“to be in the know and aware of conditions, rules, and policies of other states.” [ECF No. 
58 at 7]. Furthermore, Washington states that for Defendants “to not know . . . is negligent 
and a violation of plaintiff’s rights to minimal civilized measure of life’s necessities.” [Id.] 

    The  Court  agrees  with  the  R&R’s  conclusion  that  Mr.  Washington  did  not 
sufficiently show how he was denied a minimal civilized measure of life’s necessities. He 
provided nothing beyond the conclusory assertions in his complaint that the Maryland 
facility is a “supermax” that double bunks inmates. He also failed to adequately convey 
how the Minnesota-based Defendants were aware of conditions in a facility in Maryland, 
or “identify any condition of his confinement in the Minnesota facilities that might be 

construed as objectively harsh.” [ECF No. 57 at 13]. As such, Mr. Washington’s objection 
to this aspect of the R&R is overruled.                                   
    D. Failure to Protect                                                
    To establish a failure-to-protect claim under the Eighth Amendment, a detainee 
must show that the defendant “was deliberately indifferent to a ‘substantial risk of serious 

harm’” to the detainee. Young v. Selk, 
508 F.3d 868, 872
 (8th Cir. 2007) (quoting Farmer, 
511 U.S. at 828
). A plaintiff must meet two requirements, one objective and one subjective, 
in order to make such a showing. Whitson v. Stone Cnty. Jail, 
602 F.3d 920, 923
 (8th Cir. 
2010). “The first requirement tests whether, viewed objectively, the deprivation of rights 
was sufficiently serious; i.e., whether the inmate ‘is incarcerated under conditions posing 

a substantial risk of serious harm.’” 
Id.
 (quoting Farmer, 
511 U.S. at 834
). “The second 
requirement is subjective and requires that the inmate prove that the [state] official had a 
‘sufficiently culpable state of mind.’” 
Id.
 (quoting Farmer, 
511 U.S. at 834
). 
    The R&R found that Mr. Washington’s failure-to-protect claim was conclusory and 
is the “kind of . . . accusation precluded under Iqbal[.]”1  [ECF No. 57 at 15].  Further, 

Judge Foster determined that the complaint’s allegations did not raise a right to relief above 
the speculative level or create a reasonable inference that any of the named Defendants was 
on notice that Mr. Washington faced a substantial risk of harm. [Id.].    
    Mr. Washington objects to the R&R’s findings here and states that he met with 
multiple  Defendants  and  informed  the  Defendants  about  “contracts  being  placed  on 
inmates, including [Mr. Washington]” because a gang member had an illicit relationship 

with  a  female  prison  guard.    [ECF  No.  58  at  10].    But  as  explained  in  the  R&R, 
Mr. Washington’s complaint fails to state how the Defendants were deliberately indifferent 
to a risk of harm presented by the alleged July 12, 2019, attack on Washington at the 
Minnesota Correctional Facility, and the allegations relating to the meeting do not show 
how the Defendants failed to take reasonable steps to protect him.        

    E. Free Exercise of Religion                                         
    Mr. Washington has provided only a vaguely worded and non-specific objection to 
the R&R’s conclusion that he failed to adequately allege a free-exercise claim. As such, 
the Court reviews this aspect of the R&R for clear error.  See Montgomery v. Compass 
Airlines, LLC, 
98 F. Supp. 3d 1012, 1017
 (D. Minn. 2015) (observing that objections to a 

R&R that “are not specific but merely repeat arguments presented to and considered by a 
magistrate judge are not entitled to de novo review, but rather are reviewed for clear error”). 


    1 Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 
556 U.S. 662, 678
 (2009).                       
    Based on the Court’s review of the record, the Court finds no error in Judge Foster’s 
determination that Mr. Washington’s “conclusory allegations that Defendants violated his 

right to practice by limiting his access, privileges, and available resources [ECF No. 1 at 
5], are not sufficient to state a claim for relief.” Accordingly, Mr. Washington’s objections 
to this aspect of the R&R are overruled and the recommendation that the free-exercise 
claim be dismissed is accepted.                                           
    F.  Claims Against Defendant “Sgt. Hilleren”                         

    With the exception of the defendant known as “Sgt. Hilleren,” counsel has appeared 
in this case on behalf of every listed defendant.  [See ECF No. 37 at 1, n.2, stating that 
counsel did not appear for “Sgt. Hilleren” because the DOC is unable to identify this 
defendant]. No proof of service on Sgt. Hilleren has been filed and this defendant’s waiver 
of service request was returned unexecuted. [ECF No. 36]. As stated in the R&R, more 
than 90 days have elapsed since Mr. Washington initiated this action, and he has not shown 

good cause for his failure to effect timely service on Sgt. Hilleren. The claims against this 
defendant will be dismissed under Rule 4(m) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. 
 II.  Injunctive Relief                                                  
    As stated in the R&R, Mr. Washington’s claims relating to his motion for an 
emergency injunction were not made prior to his request for injunctive relief. Therefore, 

because  Mr.  Washington  did  not  assert  these  claims  in  his  complaint,  they  are  not 
properly pled, and his emergency injunctive relief request is denied. Even if they had 
been properly pled, the dismissal of each Count for failure to state a claim would also 
require denial of injunctive relief.                                      
                         CONCLUSION                                      

    The Court adopts Judge Foster’s findings, grants Defendants’ motion to dismiss 
with prejudice and denies Mr. Washington’s request for an emergency injunction. For the 
foregoing reasons, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that:                             
    1.  The  Magistrate  Judge’s  December  19,  2023,  R&R  [ECF  No.  57]  is 
      ACCEPTED;                                                          
    2.  Defendants’ Motion to Dismiss [ECF No. 48] is GRANTED;           

    3.  Plaintiff  Monroe  Bernard  Washington’s  objections  [ECF  No.  58]  are 

      OVERRULED;                                                         
    4.  Plaintiff’s Request for Emergency Injunction is [ECF No. 33] DENIED; 
    5.  This  action  is  DISMISSED  WITH  PREJUDICE  as  to  the  following 
      Defendants:  Minnesota  Correctional  Facility-Oak  Park  Heights,  Minnesota 
      Correctional Facility-Stillwater, Lieutenant Jason Hills, Sergeant Glenn Lisowy, 
      Andy  Dubois,  Lieutenant  David  Spets,  Sergeant  Terra  O’Connor,  and 
      Lieutenant Shane Jones; and                                        
    6.  This  action  is  DISMISSED  WITHOUT  PREJUDICE  as  to  Defendant 
      Sergeant Hilleren.                                                 

    LET JUDGMENT BE ENTERED ACCORDINGLY.                                 


Date: March 20, 2024            s/Katherine Menendez                     
                                Katherine Menendez                       
                                United States District Court             

Reference

Status
Unknown