Action brought against the defendant alone upon three promissory notes alleged in the amended complaint to have been jointly executed and delivered by S. E. Eastlund, L. Johnson, C. W. Freeman, and defendant. It was further alleged that Eastlund, Johnson, Freeman, and the estate of said Eastlund, deceased, had been discharged from all liability for their proportionate shares of indebtedness upon said notes. The answer alleged, in abatement, that all the makers of said notes were and are residents of the state of Minnesota, and each within the jurisdiction of the court, except Eastlund, who had deceased.

The court, trying the case without a jury, found that, at the time of the commencement of the action, Johnson and Freeman, and each of them, were residents of Minnesota, and within the jurisdiction of the court; that Eastlund had died; and that neither of these persons had ever been discharged or released from the notes, or from any part or share of their indebtedness thereupon; and it is conceded that this finding was based upon the fact that no attempt was made in the court below to establish the allegation, or to prove that either of said persons had been released or discharged from liability. The cause is before us on the pleadings, findings of fact, and conclusion of law in favor of defendant.

It is the contention of plaintiff’s attorney that no proof of his allegations as to the release or discharge of the persons jointly obligated with defendant was necessary; that the mere allegation was in itself a good and subsisting surrender of any claim against either, operating to release and discharge each; and consequently that it was unnecessary to support the same by evidence. We cannot concur in this view or construction of the statute under which the plaintiff attempted to bring this action (GL S. 1894, §§ 5167-5169). Section 5167 provides that a creditor may discharge *18one or more joint obligors or debtors without impairing his right to recover the residue of his debt against the other obligors or debtors. Section 5168 enacts that in all such cases suit may be brought and maintained against all obligors or debtors not so discharged, the plaintiff

“Setting forth in the complaint thereof that the contract was made with the defendants and the party so discharged, and that such party has been discharged.”

This statute ingrafted an exception upon the common-law rule that, where several persons are jointly bound by a contract, they must all be sued jointly, in one action, for a breach thereof, and cannot be sued separately in several actions, and that, if a separate action is brought, a plea in abatement can be maintained by the defendant against whom it is brought.^ It is necessary, in order to avoid the operation and effect of this common-law rule, to comply with the statute as to the allegations to be contained in the complaint; and it must follow that it is necessary to prove the allegations.

The plaintiff’s right to maintain a separate action depended upon the fact that the makers of the notes, jointly indebted with the defendant, had been discharged and released when this action was brought; and, if this was not the fact, plaintiff could not enforce, in an action against him only, the collection of this defendant’s proportionate share of the debt. The rule as to the proof, arising out of the enactment of the statute, is precisely the same as if the action had been brought in reliance upon one of the well-defined exceptions .to the common-law rule, — such, for illustration, as the bankruptcy of one of the .joint debtors. Bankruptcy would have to be alleged in the complaint, and proven upon the trial, in order to maintain the action. The well-known doctrine is applicable, that he who affirms the existence of a given state of facts must prove it. This rule of evidence applies to every fact which is essential to, or necessarily involved in, the legal proposition upon which plaintiff’s right to recover is based. These statements of the law are so elementary that we need not cite authorities in support of them. In this case it was absolutely *19necessary for the plaintiff, who alleged that the other debtors had been discharged, to establish this allegation by competent evidence, and this he did not do. The finding of the court to the effect that none of the joint makers or debtors had ever been discharged or released from the notes, or any of them, or from any part or share of the indebtedness was, for the reasons stated, fully justified, and its conclusion of law inevitably followed.

Judgment affirmed.