State v. Walters
State v. Walters
Opinion of the Court
Appellant was convicted of manslaughter, § 565.005, RSMo 1978, by the verdict of a jury and in accordance therewith, he was sentenced to 9 years imprisonment in the Division of Corrections, with credit for jail time.
Point V, first considered, attacks the sufficiency of the evidence to support the verdict. The facts are these: About 2:47 a. m., January 31, 1980, Nevada, Missouri, police dispatcher, Kathy McCarley, received a phone call: “The male voice said: ‘I am Billy Walters.’ He said he had just killed a man and he needed the police and ambulance.” Officer Paul- Hogan responded to the call and arrived, with Sergeant Brough-ton, at 213 East Sycamore Street shortly thereafter. He opened the door and went in and saw a white male lying in front of a sofa in a pool of blood. He determined that the man was not alive. Appellant was talking on the phone, and on being requested to put it down, he said, “ T shot him. I shot
Appellant’s Point I attacks the trial court’s adverse rulings to him and failing to grant a mistrial on the prosecutor’s eliciting from an investigating officer the fact that appellant refused to make a statement after being advised of his Miranda rights; to the prosecutor’s questioning of appellant as to why he did not give an exculpatory statement to the police after he was arrested; and to the prosecutor’s argument that appellant did not tell the police he was acting in self-defense when he was arrested. Except as to the prosecutor’s argument, these matters are presented as plain error affecting appellant’s substantial rights, resulting in manifest injustice or miscarriage of justice under Rule 29.12(b).
The investigating officer of the crime was Lt. Volkman, of the Nevada, Missouri, police department. He first testified for the state as to things he found at the scene, and identified photographs of the victim of the shooting. Appellant was not at the scene when Volkman arrived. Volkman testified, on cross-examination by appellant, that he went in to tell appellant about taking a residue test on his hands about 4:30 or 5:00 a. m., on the morning of the shooting, but did not talk to him. Appellant then made the voluntary statement above referred to, and his counsel further cross-examined Volkman: “Q. Do you know what officers interrogated the defendant? A. It is my understanding that Officer Roelker brought him up to the Police Department and read his rights to him. He was not talked to, he requested an attorney. Q. He also talked to Officer Broughton? A. Sergeant Broughton and Officer Hogan at the scene. Q. At the scene? A. Yes. Q. They would know what he said? A. Yes, sir.” Then on redirect examination of Volkman, this happened: “Q. You stated that after Patrolman Roelker read him his rights he requested an attorney and would not make a statement, is that correct? A. That’s what Officer Roelker told me. I was not present at the time. MR. TEEL: I object as hearsay. MR. SWISCHER: I just asked him— he brought it up. THE COURT: Anything else that was said, of course, is sustained.”
Appellant testified in his own behalf, and the state cross-examined him: “Q. Mr. Walters, you didn’t tell the police you moved that coat, did you? A. They didn’t ask me. They put me in jail. I was trying
At this juncture, it is evident that appellant has preserved nothing for review by objecting specifically that the cross-examinations above set forth violated his Fifth Amendment right not to have his silence held against him. That such a right exists is well settled as the state concedes in its brief, and infringement thereof constitutes error. State v. Givan, 573 S.W.2d 104 (Mo.App. 1978), and cases cited. If the matter stood on the lack of objection or the inadequate objection as to the above cross-examination, State v. Donnell, 598 S.W.2d 569, 572[5] (Mo.App. 1980), and cases there cited, would control on its holding that where there was testimony that defendant had made no statement after being given a Miranda warning, the plain error rule would not be applied, absent an objection.
In this case, however, appellant is saved from not having his contentions considered by a proper objection and a preservation of the point in his motion for new trial concerning argument of counsel directly relating to the elicitations on the cross-examination. The prosecutor argued in rebuttal: “The manufacturing of the evidence begins right there some ten minutes after he killed him. When the police get there what does he say — he doesn’t say: ‘He pulled a gun on me.’ He didn’t tell Kathy McCarley that he had just been robbed. He says — MR. TEEL: I object — MR. SWISCHER: He says — MR. TEEL: May I make my objection — please? THE COURT: Yes. MR. TEEL: The prosecutor is attempting to impeach the defendant by what he did not say, which is in violation of his rights under the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution. It is improper argument. THE COURT: Objection overruled. MR. SWISCHER: He did not say T was robbed.’ He said: ‘He had a gun on him’. So the manufacturing of the evidence is continuing again. When he talked to Dale Volkman he doesn’t say: T was robbed.’ He simply says: T shot him.’ When they give him his rights he doesn’t say: T was robbed.’ He says he wants his attorney. * * * MR. SWISCHER: Remember that he has had Joy Hand’s report. He has had all the prosecution’s files to go over this case with and he stands there on the chair and tells us * * * it
In varying circumstances the following cases have held it to be reversible error to elicit testimony or to comment in argument upon a defendant’s silence. In State v. Stuart, 456 S.W.2d 19 (Mo.banc 1970), a burglary and stealing case, a juror asked “Did either one of these guys claim that money?” and the witness answered that they had not. The court held that the failure of the accused to volunteer an exculpatory statement was not admissible as an admission, that the admission of the evidence violated his constitutional rights, and applying the plain error rule, the judgment was reversed and the cause remanded. In State v. Vainikos, 366 S.W.2d 423 (Mo.banc 1963), the state elicited testimony from defendant that he did not tell the arresting officer why he was carrying a gun and the officer had not asked him. On rebuttal, the officer testified that he had asked defendant why he was carrying a gun, but he did not give an answer. The objection and request for mistrial were overruled, which the Supreme Court held to be reversible
The judgment is reversed and the case is remanded for new trial.
All concur.
Case-law data current through December 31, 2025. Source: CourtListener bulk data.