Leflore County v. Allen

Mississippi Supreme Court
Leflore County v. Allen, 80 Miss. 298 (Miss. 1902)
Oalhoon

Leflore County v. Allen

Opinion of the Court

Oalhoon, J.,

delivered the opinion of the court:

We decline to disturb the conclusion reached in this cause, on its former appearance in this court in Allen v. Leflore County, 78 Miss., 671 (29 South., 161), as to the duress of Mrs. Allen, and this regardless of whether the question of duress is or is not res adjudicata. Although, even under the threat of putting her husband in the penitentiary, putting stripes upon him, and disgracing her and her children, she refused to sign *312the first deed, which carried everything she had,' and would have reduced her and her large family to destitution, still she, none the less, acted under duress in signing the second deed, conveying her land in the country which is involved in this controversy. In the first dreadful alternative she might accept disgrace as a lesser evil than to impoverish her large family of little children, and yet yield to the threats in the second instance, which left her the pittance of her town property. This duress was not removed during her life because she died before her husband, and, if she repudiated while she lived, his prosecution impended, in that it could have been commenced at any time, embezzlement not being barred by the statute of limitations. She never made any proposition to the county. It was the county which was annoying her.

Very clearly, the act of 1886 (laws 1886, p. 772) “for the relief of J. K. Allen, ex-treasurer of Leflore county,” did not operate as a statutory pardon of the crime. It simply authorized the board of supervisors “to take from said Allen, land in such quantities as they may determine,” and, when this was done, it provided that “said Allen shall be relieved from all liability on account of said indebtedness.” All this refers to the debt, and not to any crime. We cannot deduce from this statute that the legislature designed to go into the business of selling pardons or compounding felonies. Even if it did, in such phraseology, it could hardly affect the question of duress upon the unhappy wife of the embezzler. She was not learned in the law. The facts that she lived for two years without repudiating her conveyance, her husband being still alive, and that she expressed satisfaction at the acceptance of the conveyance to save disgrace, do not constitute ratification, under all the facts of this case. No doubt she was gratified in preventing disgrace under the threats and yet being able to retain her little town property. When Mrs. Allen died her husband, J. K. Allen, with her five children, each became the owner of a one-sixth interest in her lands. ' As soon as it thus inured to *313him, as the chancellor correctly held, he and his heirs were estopped, because of his deed to the county, from claiming this one-sixth interest from the county. There was no sort of necessity for him to join his wife in her deed for conformity. Under the law, then, either might convey his or her land, not being homestead, without the joinder of the other. But he did join, and used the word “convey.”

A conveyance without warranty was a statutory quit claim and release (code 1880, § 1235), and a quit'claim and release “shall estop the grantor and his heirs from asserting a subsequently acquired adverse title to the lands conveyed.” Code 1880, § 1195. The word “acquired” is used in the sense of obtained. Allen obtained the land by devolution upon him by descent. We cannot yield to the extreme technical meaning-urged upon us by counsel, that land can be acquired only by the act of the party. Mr. Blackstone, in his Commentaries (book 2, pp. 200, 201), speaks of where an “heir acquires by descent,” and gives two methods of “acquiring,” one of which is by “descent”; and, again, he uses this language: “Descent is the title whereby a man on the death of his ancestor acquires his estate by right of representation, as his heir at law.” The legislature used the word in this general sense. The interpretation contended for by counsel would occasionally lead to most grotesque results. So, we think, as to this one-sixth and the rents of it, the right is with the county.

The chancellor properly retained jurisdiction for final disposition of the rights of the parties. The original bill of the county was never dismissed, and the Allens set up in their cross-bill an independent equity for cancellation of the deed to the county, and were, in this case, entitled to have adjudicated their claim for relief.

We uphold the chancellor in applying the six-years’ statute of limitations to the claim for rents as he did, and in, accordingly, limiting the claim of Mrs. Hughes and Mrs. Brown. In so holding, we do not care to advert to the manifest dis*314tinction between Root v. McFerrin, 37 Miss., 17 (75 Am. Dec., 49), and Anding v. Davis, 38 Miss., 574 (77 Am. St. Dec., 658). While all the Allen heirs might, as they did, join in an action of ejectment, still it was not necessarily a joint claim. Either might have sued separately for his share of the lands and rents for that. We are in full view of Cooper v. Cooper, 61 Miss., 676, which we approve,, and cognate cases on express, continuing statutory trusts, in holding that the six-years’ statute applies in this case.

We approve the allowance of attorney’s fee on partial dissolution of the injunction obtained by the county, and also of the allowance of .interest. When a county enters the arena of litigation about lands acquired as these lands were, she disrobes herself of sovereignty pro re nata, and is on the footing of any other litigant. The land of Mrs. Allen may be liable for the taxes, state and county, but not in this litigation. The way to recover is by proper proceedings of assessment for the years the lands escaped.

Affirmed on appeal and cross-appeal, each party to be taxed with one-half the costs.

Reference

Full Case Name
Leflore County v. James K. Allen
Cited By
13 cases
Status
Published
Syllabus
1. Deeds. Duress. Threats of prosecution. When, the wife of a defaulting county treasurer is threatened by a district attorney with the prosecution of her husband unless she conveys all of her property to the county, and refuses, but subsequently while her husband is still living and liable to prosecution, conveys a part of her property on a renewal of the application, her deed is void as the result of duress. 2. Same. Settlement of indebtedness. Act authorizing same. Laws 1886, p. 772. Effect of settlement. An act of the legislature authorizing a board of supervisors to take land in settlement of the debt of a defaulting county treasurer, and providing that upon such settlement he should be relieved from all liability for the indebtedness, does not include his relief from criminal liability, nor prevent the deed whereby his wife conveyed her land to effectuate the settlement from being void for duress, resulting from threats of his prosecution. 3. Same. Ratification. Estoppel. The fact that a wife lived two years after making a deed, void because made under threats of the prosecution of 'her husband, and expressed satisfaction at the acceptance of the deed and the prevention of disgrace, is not a sufficient ratification to validate the deed, the husband being still alive and subject to prosecution. 4. Same. QuAt-claim. Subsequent acquisition. Inheritance. Code 1880, 1195, 1235. Under code 1880, 1235, providing that a conveyance without warranty shall operate as a statutory quit-claim and release, and § 1195, that a quit-claim and release shall estop the grantor and his heirs from asserting a subsequently acquired title to the lands conveyed, a deed without warranty, in which a husband unites with his wife in conveying lands owned by her, will estop the husband and his heirs from asserting title to any interest therein which he may subsequently inherit from her — the word, “acquired,” as used in the statute, relating to acquisition by descent as well as other methods. 5. Same, Ejectment. Injunction of same. Belief on cross-bill. Chancery practice. When a county enjoins an ejectment suit for land conveyed under duress, and the defendants, who are the heirs of the grantor, hy cross-bill setting up the duress pray the cancellation of the deed and an accounting for rents, they are entitled to have their claim adjudicated, and the chancellor has jurisdiction to vacate the deed and direct a reconveyance of the property, and otherwise dispose of all of the rights of the parties. 6. Same. Bent. Limitations. Code 1892, § 2737. Adult and minor heirs. The six-year statute of limitations applies to claims of adult heirs for rent of land procured from their mother by duress, and is not suspended as to them by the minority of other heirs, the claims not being necessarily joint. 7. Same. Interest. Injunction. Attorney’s fees. Liability of county. On the partial dissolution of an injunction by a county to restrain an ejectment suit for land procured by it through duress, attorney’s fees and interest on rents may be decreed against the county, which is not in such ease exempt from liability by reason of its sovereignty, although the charges are in the nature of penalties.