Mississippi Supreme Court, 1922

Byrd v. Welch

Byrd v. Welch
Mississippi Supreme Court · Decided March 15, 1922 · Holden
128 Miss. 839; 91 So. 568

Byrd v. Welch

Opinion of the Court

Holden, J.,

delivered the opinion of the court.

This is a suit in replevin instituted by the appellant, Byrd, against appellee, Welch, sheriff of Jones county, to recover the possession of ten head of oxen seized and held by the sheriff for failure of the owner to dip the oxen under the Tick Eradication Law (chapter 221, Laws of 1918 [sections 5506g-5506i, Hem. Supp.]). Upon the trial of the case a peremptory instruction to find for defendant, Welch, was granted by the court, and the plaintiff appeals.

*844The facts of the case necessary to be stated so as to understand the decision are as follows: It appears that Byrd, the owner of the ten oxen, had permitted them to run at large upon the open range in the northeast part of Jones county, near the county line; that the oxen were infested with cattle fever ticks, and had not been dipped as required by law; there being a dispute in the testimony, however, as to whether or not Byrd had dipped the cattle in a nearby vat in the adjoining county, and had a range permit from the proper authorities of that county. It is also in dispute as to whether Byrd had been legally notified to dip the oxen before they were seized by the sheriff.

At all events, on July 28, 1921, Byrd was using the ten head of oxen yoked to his logging wagon, hauling logs from his place to another point in the county, and while thus traveling upon the public road, the log wagon loaded villi logs being in charge of his driver, Blackledge, two deputies of appellee, Sheriff Welch, seized the oxen, unyoked them from the wagon, leaving it with its contents on the side of the road, and drove the oxen to Laurel, where the sheriff impounded them in a stable and dipped them the following-day. The oxen remained in charge of the sheriff for about fifteen days, entailing an expense of eighty-four dollars for food and care. The appellant, Byrd, demanded the return for his oxen, but this was refused unless Byrd would pay the expense incurred by the sheriff in keeping the cattle after the seizure. Finally Byrd sued out replevin for the oxen, and the court peremptorily denied his right to the possession of them.

The seizure of the oxen by the sheriff’s deputies was without any writ of seizure, but was done on the ground that the oxen were infested with cattle fever ticks, which was a fact at the time they were unyoked and taken from the Avagon. There appears to have been no process issued authorizing the seizure, and only verbal directions were given the two deputies to take the oxen because they were infested Avith ticks, and had been running at large without *845being dipped as required by law. The act under which the seizure was made reads as follows:

“An Act to Prohibit Tick-Infested Cattle, Horses and Mules from Running at Large on the Open Range, Commons and Unfenced Land, and to Provide for Their Removal from the Open Range, Commons, or Unfenced Lands and to Provide for the Expense Incurred in the Handling and Care of Such Animals, and to Prescribe Penalties for Violations of the Provisions of This Act.
“Section 1. Be is enacted by the legislature of the state of Mississippi, that it shall be unlawful for any person, firm, or corporation owning or having in charge any cattle, horses or mules that are infested with the cattle fever tick (margaropus annulatus) to allow such animals to run at large or to be upon the open range, unfenced lands, during such time that such animals are carrying the said cattle tick upon their bodies.
“Sec. 2. Should any cattle, horses or mules, which are carrying the cattle fever tick (margaropus annulatus), upon their bodies be found running at large upon the open range, commons or unfenced lands, it shall be the duty of any inspector commissioned by the live stock sanitary board or any citizen of the county to notify the owner or person having control of such animals; and such notice shall consist of either personal notice to such owner or person, or by one publication in a newspaper published in the county having general circulation therein or by posting notice in three public places in the county, one of which shall be at the county courthouse, and if such animals are not removed within five days after such notification, publication or posting said notice, from the open range, commons or unfenced lands to notify the county sheriff forthwith that such tick infested animals are running at large, upon the open range, commons or unfenced place, and it shall be the duty of the inspector to dip or cause.such animals to be dipped and thereafter be placed in an inclosure and dipped in accordance with the regulations of the live *846stick sanitary board, and during sucb period as such animals are so confined, they stall be in tbe custody of tbe county sheriff, who may collect reasonable fees for the feed, care and handling of such animals, and any expenses so incurred in handling-, dipping, confining or'feeding or pasturing of such animals shall be a lien against them to be paid by the owner or owners of such animals before the same are released by the sheriff and if such animals which have been so taken up and placed in the custody of the sheriff are not identified and claimed by the owner within a period of thirty days, such animals may be sold by the sheriff as provided by statutory law for estray animals.”

The appellant presents several grounds' for reversal, among which is the constitutionality of the law, but we shall notice but one point, the decision of which will end the case, and that is, whether or not the act authorized the seizure of the oxen by the officers without a writ and while being used by the OAvner in hauling logs upon the public highway.

It will be observed that the terms of the act are somewhat crude, and indefinite, but we find no trouble in determining that the act means that, when undipped cattle are “found running at large upon the open range, commons or unfenced lands,” and are infested with ticks, they may, after due notice, be taken up and dipped by the proper authority. This being true, it seems clear to us that the seizure in this case was wholly unauthorized, and contrary to law. Therefore the oxen were wrongfully taken from the possession of the appellant, and it was the duty of of the appellee, Welch, to have returned them to the owner.

In the enactment and enforcement of tick eradiction laws the property rights of the individual should not be disregarded nor invaded without due process of laAV. Every citizen of the land is entitled to the protection afforded by due process. The legislature never intended to authorize the seizure, without lawful process, of work stock from the owner engaged in hauling upon the public roads. The *847act may mean that some right is given to seize the tickr infested stock while running at large upon the range, but certainly not when being used by the owner in drawing his wagon upon the public highway.

A contrary construction of the law would lead to results never contemplated by the legislature. To hold that the owner of a pair of mules who is transporting his family to town in a wagon can be stopped on the public road, his mules taken from the wagon, and he and his family left to walk, merely because a few ticks are found upon the animals, would be destructive of individual property rights long guaranteed by the Constitution.

That the Tick Eradication Law, and all other laws enacted by the legislature, should be enforced we quite agree, but the constitutional rights of the individual must-be preserved, in that the method of enforcement should be reasonable and within the bounds or the organic law.

The lower court erred in granting a peremptory instruction for the appellee for the reason that the appellant, plaintiff below, should have been granted a peremptory instruction to find for him; therefore the judgment of the lower court is reversed, and the case remanded.

Reversed and remanded.

Case-law data current through December 31, 2025. Source: CourtListener bulk data.