Alabama & V. Ry. Co. v. Kropp
Alabama & V. Ry. Co. v. Kropp
Opinion of the Court
delivered the opinion of the court.
The appellee, Lee Kropp, was injured on the night of the 29th of January, 1915, having his leg crushed, which necessitated the amputation thereof. At the time of the injury Kropp was a Avarehouse clerk in the service of the appellant, but Avas not .on duty at the time the injury Avas inflicted, which occurred at about eight o’clock in the evening. Kropp had gone home from his Avorlc, and, his wife being ill, had started to the Avarehouse to get a bottle ot medicine Avhich he had left there. Freight train No. 43 Avas coming from Meridian, and the appellee had crossed the main line and.was-Avalkrng betAveen the main line or commerce track and the house track Avhen said train passed. As the train came in he spoke to the engineer and continued Avalking up the AvalkAvay, but he either stumbled and fell or Avas struck by something and fell, and his leg fell
“In consideration of the sum of one hundred and twenty-five dollars, to me in hand paid by the Alabama & Vicksburg Railway Company, the receipt whereof is hereby acknowledged, I hereby release and acquit said company of all claims by reason of injuries sustained by me at Newton, Miss., on the 29th day of January, A. II. 1915, by having niv leg cut off by No. 43, the same being settled in full* of any and all claims I have against the said company arising out of, or in any way connected with, said injury or accident.
[Signed] Lee Kropp.
“Witness:
“H. T. Brooks.
“R. J. Jackson.
“Correct: W. M. Robertson, Claim Agent.
“H. H. Lb Roy, Auditor.
“Chargeable 1o Transportation. Subaccount, Inj. to Per. Freight. Amount, $125.”
The following was on the back of the. release:
“A. & V.
“Voucher No. 89046.
“$125.00
“Lee Kropp, Newton, Mississippi.
“Approved, Paid by S. Gray, agent, Meridian, A. & V. Ry. Co.
“Paid October 30, 1915, accoanting department.
“Reunited to credit, of S. Gray, agent A. & V. Ry. and N. O. & N. E. R. R.”
It is contended by Kropp that, in addition to the consideration recited in this contract of release, he was promised a position for life in the service of the company, but
The cage for the appellee depends entirely upon his oavij evidence both as to the release and settlement and as to the facts relied on by him to constitute liability. He is contradicted on all points in the case by more than one witness. From January 29,1915, to the date of the release and settlement the complainant had full opportunity to learn both the facts and the law Avith reference to the liability of the company and his rights. To say the least of it, his right of recovery against the railway company Avas doubtful, and it was not improbable on the facts in the record that a jury might have decided the case against his contentions. He had full opportunity to learn all the facts and to learn the laAV Avith reference thereto. He insisted for many months upon a settlement Avhich would embody in it an agreement to give him employment for life in the service of the company. It appears from his own testimony that he had had this matter up Avith some of the superiors of the claim agent, and that they objected to making a settlement involving the contract to employ him for life. On the day before he signed the contract of release he had earnestly pressed the claim agent to embody such á stipulation in the contract, and the claim agent had distinctly and clearly refused so to do. It is clear from his OAvn testimony that he knew both the importance of having tliis stipulation in his contract and knew that it, Avas not
It was said in English v. N. O. & N. E. Railroad Co., 100 Miss. 575, 56 So. 665, that a release of the character here involved is contractual in its nature and cannot be varied by parol evidence. As to that release it was contended that there was also a promise to give employment in the service of the railroad on a verbal finderstanding, but the court held that the release was not subject to variations by parol evidence; that a stipulation in a writing which is contractual cannot be varied by parol evidence—citing Thompson v. Bryant, 75 Miss. 12, 21 So. 655; Baum v. Lynn, 72 Miss. 932, 18 So. 428, 30 L. R. A. 441; Cocke v. Blackburn, 58 Miss. 537.
As above stated, the only difference in the present case is the statements by the complainant that the claim agent represented it ivas in violation of law to place such a contract therein, and also that the claim agent claimed the railroad ivas not liable. The parties in the present case dealt with each other at arm’s length. There was nothing-in the situation of the parties giving one a right to rely upon the superior knowledge and skill of the other, and
“One injured by a railroad company who, on a compromise settlement, releases his claim for damages, and after-wards, in* an action at law, seeks to avoid the release, must show by clear and convincing evidence that it was procured by fraud or misrepresentation such as would authorize its cancellation by a court of equity.”
In the case before" us the complainant’s statement in reference to the representations is contradicted by the positive testimony of two witnesses and also by the circumstances surrounding the transaction preceding the settlement at the time thereof and subsequent thereto. He is contradicted not only by other witnesses, but by the circumstances of the case. The statement of the rule in the Turnbull case imposes upon the complainant a higher standard of proof than he has furnished in the case, and it is not sufficient to say that the jury below found in accordance with its contention. It is not a case of a mere conflict between individuals, but it is a failure to bring before the court that clear, convincing, and satisfactory evidence that warrants a court of equity in setting aside a .contract. Again, we think that, if these views were not sound, it would have been the duty of i.he complainant to have learned the facts or malte reasonable efforts to do so and to have sought rescission of the contract because of the fraud within a reasonable time after he was refused employment. It seems to us that a reasonable man would have taken up the question with the claim agent or with the superior officers of the company when he was refused employment. If his version of the settlement be true, it would have been‘natural for him to have sought to place
Reversed and dismissed.
Reference
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- Syllabus
- 1. Evidence. Written release of railroad company from liability cannot be varied by oral evidence to shoiv contemporaneous oral agreement. Where a person injured by a railroad company executed a written release, after full time for consideration, consultation, and investigation, for a valuable consideration, the release being contractual in its recitals, it cannot be varied, contradicted, or added to by oral evidence to show a contemporaneous oral agreement to give the party injured a life job in the service of the company. English v. N. 0. & N. E. R. Co., 100 Miss. 575, 56 South. 665, cited. 2. Release. Held that servant could not impeach written release from liability for personal injuries on ground of fraud in procurement. Where a person injured bjr a railroad has full time to learn the law and facts of his injury and executes a written release contractual in its recitals as to consideration, he cannot impeach the written contract for fraud in its procurement by showing the agent of the railroad company stated that the law forbade inserting in a release an agreement to give such person a life job with the railroad, or that the company was not liable for the injury, where there was no confidential or fiduciary relation between the parties, and where each was dealing with the other at arm’s length. 3. Release. ‘Where injured servant seeks to rescind release executed for fraud, proof must be clear and convincing. Where a person injured by a railroad executes a release for a valuable consideration and seeks to rescind for fraud in the procurement of a release, the proof of fraud must be clear and convincing, and where the proof of fraud is contradicted by disinterested witnesses and also by the circumstances of the case, the sole testimony of the injured party given several years after the contract will not satisfy the rule. 4. Release. Party induced to enter contract by fraudulent representations must rescind promptly and return fruits of contract; facts held io show ratification. Where a party has been induced to enter a contract by fraudulent representations, he may, upon discovering the fraud, rescind, but he must act promptly upon discovering the facts, and must use reasonable diligence to learn the facts, and, if he retain the fruits of the contract after such knowledge or fails to exercise reasonable diligence under the circumstances, he will be held to have ratified the contract. The facts in this case show ratification under this rule.