Chas. W. Crisler, for appellant.
It is contended by the appellant that this indictment does not set forth the nature and the cause of the accusation against him; therefore, it is fatally defective; and this fact may be taken advantage of for the first time in this court even though a demurrer was not interposed to the indictment before verdict in the lower court. See section 1168, Hemingway's Code (section 1413, Code of 1906) known as the criminal statute of jeofails. That this statute applies only to such defects in the indictment as can be waived and that constitutional rights cannot be waived is well settled in Newcomb v. State, 37 Miss. 383 .
It is true that section 1182, Hemingway's Code (section 1426, Code of 1906) provides that "All objections
to an indictment for a defect appearing on the face thereof, shall be taken by demurrer to the indictment, and not otherwise, before the issuance of the venire facias in capital cases and before the jury shall be impanelled in all other cases, and not afterwards, etc.;" but "An omission in an indictment for a felony going to the very essence of the offense renders it void and subject to attack at any time notwithstanding this section." Cook v. State, 72 Miss. 517 , 17 So. 228; Taylor v. State, 74 Miss. 544 , 21 So. 129. See, also, Jesse v. State, 25 Miss. 100 ; Herron v. State, 118 Miss. 420 , 79 So. 289; Riggs v. State, 26 Miss. 51 ; Jones v. State, 21 Texas App. 349, 17 S.W. 424; State v. Dougherty, 30 Tex. 360 [ 30 Tex. 360 ].
Even though one versed in the law could readily see and substitute the word to for the word did, as contained in the indictment, such could not overcome the fact that the indictment in the case at bar is fatally defective; for as stated by the court in the Dougherty case, supra, "The court will not, from a knowledge of the language, supply the missing word so as to supply the probable intention of the grand jury." See State v. Huston, 12 Tex. 245 ; Riley v. State, 27 Tex. App. 606[ 27 Tex.Crim. 606 ], 11 S.W. 642; State v. Leach, 27 Vt. 317 ; State v. Halder, 13 S.C.L. 277, 13 Am. Dec. 738; Edmonson v. State, 41 Tex. 496 ; Moore v. State, 7 Tex. App. 42[ 7 Tex.Crim. 42 ]; Walker v. State, 9 Tex. App. 177[ 9 Tex.Crim. 177 ]; 31 C.J. 658; State v. Atkins, 142 La. 862 , 77 So. 771; State v. Raymond, 54 Mo. App. 425; State v. Potter,
29 Iowa, 554; Edwards v. U.S., 226 Fed. 848; State v. Helderle, 203 Mo. 574, 102 S.W. 558; State v. Charles, 18 La. Ann. 720.
Without a question of a doubt, it cannot be denied but that if the defendant in this case, having no knowledge of the law, in reading the indictment against him, would have been unable to know from the charge as there attempted to be made whether he was charged with assault and battery with intent to kill and murder, or murder.
Even if the omission of essential allegations is due to clerical error, this affords no ground for sustaining an
indictment. The mistake is a fatal defect. Martin v. U.S.,
168 Fed. 198, 93 C.C.A. 484; 31 C.J. 663; Scott v. State, 89 T.R. 70, 228 S.W. 1099 ; Foster v. State, 19 Ohio St. 415 .
W.A. Scott, Jr., Special Agent, for the state.
It is undisputed that a person charged with assault and battery with intent to kill and murder may be convicted of a common assault, or of assault and battery without such intention. Gileson v. State, 38 Miss. 295 ; Bedell v. State, 50 Miss. 492 ; Hairston v. State, 54 Miss. 689 ; Wood v. State, 64 Miss. 761 , 2 So. 247.
The intent is the gist of the offense of assault and battery with intent to kill and murder, and it is such intent that raises it from a misdemeanor to a felony. Jeff v. State, 37 Miss. 321 ; Jeff v. State, 39 Miss. 593 ; Hairston v. State, 54 Miss. 689 .
The only objection to the present indictment is that part charging intent. Instead of using the infinitive clause "to kill and murder," the indictment charges "did kill and murder." Now, intent is not the gist of the offense of which the jury found the appellant guilty. Looking back on the indictment in the light of the conviction, the charge of intent is immaterial and can be treated as mere surplusage. Striking out this intent charge, a perfect indictment remains supporting simple assault and battery.
The appellant cannot be prejudiced by such a procedure. He stands acquitted by a competent jury for aggravated assault, and he certainly is not concerned about the validity of an indictment charging a crime of which he has been freed. Furthermore, it will be noted that the appellant went to trial on the foregoing indictment without interposing any objection by demurrer or otherwise.
The evidence must be reviewed in the light of the offense for which appellant was convicted. Every question
bearing on intent will be eliminated by this court on review. If this procedure is followed as to the evidence, we can seen no valid reason why it should not be followed as to the indictment. To hold otherwise would place the court in the contradictory position of disregarding intent in the testimony and holding it to be a vital element in the indictment.
The foregoing contention is not lacking in respectable authority. Our own court in Martin v. City of Laurel, 106 Miss. 357 , 63 So. 670, decided that even though an affidavit was insufficient on a charge of resisting an officer by assault and battery, yet it was sufficient to uphold a conviction for simple assault and battery. In State v. Howes, 26 W. Va. 110 , the court held that where an indictment is bad on a charge of robbery, if it is good on a charge of assault, a motion to quash is properly overruled. In State v. Martin, 54 Or. 403 , 103 P. 512, an indictment was held insufficient in charging murder in the first degree, but was sufficient on a charge of manslaughter, for which appellant was convicted. See, also, Sullivan v. State, 131 Ark. 107 , 198 S.W. 518.
The appellant argues that the indictment is bad on its face as charging the commission of no crime known to law. With this contention we take issue, and maintain that it at least charges a simple assault and battery and, therefore, contend that the cases cited by appellant are not in point.
Argued orally by A.T.L. Watkins, for appellant, and J.A. Lauderdale, Assistant Attorney-General, for the state.