Boucher v. Barsalou

delivered the opinion of the-. Court.

This cause is on appeal from the judgment entered in favor of the plaintiff. The plaintiff filed his complaint in unlawful detainer, setting up that the defendant unlawfully withheld form Ms possession certain real estate, and averring that the-relation of landlord and tenant existed between the parties, in. *440that the defendant had been the tenant of his former landlord, •one Ayotte, the latter having conveyed said property for a good .and valuable consideration and in fee simple to the plaintiff; .and that the plaintiff had given the. necessary notice to the defendant to quit said premises. The defendant denied each and ■every allegation'of the complaint, except that ho admitted that he was during all the time named in possession, and was, and had been for more than ten years last- past, the owner of and entitled to the possession of said property. He unnecessarily, but fully, set out as affirmative matter in his answer an equitable defense, to-wit, that the said Ayotte, at the time that he conveyed the said property to the' plaintiff, held the property by deed from him, the said defendant, as security for certain moneys due by defendant to Ayotte; and that the plaintiff, at the time that he took tire title from Ayotte, was fully cognizant of the relation existing between Ayotte and defendant. He further alleged that the transfer from Ayotte was fraudulent, and made in collusion with Boucher to- defraud him, the defendant; and that all the money, the payment of which was secured by the said deed, had been repaid by defendant to- Ayotte; and that he (defendant) was entitled to a reconveyance to him of said property. Defendant demanded, in his-answer, that plaintiff take nothing by the action, and that he (defendant) be decreed to be the owner of the premises. The plaintiff, in his reply, denied the affirmative allegations of the answer, and prayed that his right and title to the ownership of said property be quieted.

The cause came on for trial. Bpon the motion of the plaintiff, and by order of the court, the equitable defense was tried to the court with a jury, before entering upon the case of plaintiff. The jury made its findings adversely to the defendant as to his equitable defense, and the court adopted the same, and found, among other things, that the plaintiff had no knowledge •of the equities existing between the defendant and said Ayotte, and that the relations between defendant and Ayotte were as alleged by the defendant; thus, in effect, declaring that the *441relation of landlord and tenant, had never existed between Ayotto and the defendant, or between the plaintiff and the defendant. Thereupon the court proceeded to try the original case of tho plaintiff on his complaint, in unlawful detainer before a jury, and, the first witness, haying been sworn for the plaintiff, the defendant objected to the introduction of any evidence on the part of tho plaintiff, and asked for a judgment of dismissal upon the following grounds: That “this action is brought under the laws of the state of Montana relative to unlawful detainer by a tenant of real property. The allegations in the complaint are: ‘That on or about, the 1st day of February, 1897, one Sam Ayotte was the owner in fee simple of the premises known and designated as the premises at No: 520 West. Granite street, together with the premises in the rear of said number, in the city of Butte, county of Silver Bow, state ox Montana, together with the dwelling houses and appurtenances thereto belonging. That on said last mentioned date, and for some time prior thereto, the said defendant, Joseph Barsalou,was in possession of said promises as the tenant of said Sam Ayotte, under a monthly tenancy of $10 per month, payable monthly in advance. That on the 20th day of February, 1897, the said Sam Ayotte conveyed to the plaintiff herein the premises above described, and said plaintiff, as the grantee and successor in interest of said Sam Ayotte, by liis agent, notified the defendant of his having bought and purchased the said above described real property from said Sam Ayotte; and the defendant herein was notified by said agent of plaintiff that, his rent thereafter and from that time would bo $12.50 per month, payable monthly in advance. That said defendant, after said notification as aforesaid by the agent of said plaintiff, continued and remained in possession of the said premises as the tenant of said plaintiff, holding over under the terms of the verbal lease and agreement made by him with his former landlord, Sam Ayotte, the grantor of the plaintiff herein, and said defendant is now in possession of tho said premises, and still continues to hold and occupy the same. That, pursuant to the terms of said verbal lease and *442agreement made by this defendant with said Sam. Ayotte, there became and was dno to the plaintiff, as the grantee and sucJ cessor in interest of said Sam Ayotte, and as the landlord of this defendant, as rent for the above described and leased house and premises, on the 20th day of Bebraary, 1897, the sum of $12,507

“The only claim that the plaintiff in this case makes to be considered the landlord of this defendant is the claim that there was a verbal lease between Samuel Ayotte and Joseph Barsalon, whereby Barsalon had agreed to pay rent tói the said Ayotte, and Mr. Boucher, as the successor in interest of Ayotte, claims to be the landlord of said Barsalon. lie does not claim to1 be the landlord by any agreement between himself and Barsalon.

“Now, in this case the court has already found, upon the equitable issues, that the relation existing between Samuel Ayotte and Joseph Barsalon at all times mentioned in the complaint was the relation of trustee and cestui que trust, and not the relation of landlord and tenant.

“Now, the equitable title belonging to Barsalon and the naked legal title to Ayotte, at any time prior to the time of the alleged conveyance of the property by Ayotte to Boucher, Mr. Barsalon would have the right to demand and compel a reconveyance of the property to him. Therefore the. relation of landlord and tenant is absolutely inconsistent with the facts already found, and therefore we object to any testimony under the pleadings.” Whereupon the court ruled as follows: “My view of this matter is in accordance with the contention of counsel for defendant, and that to. proceed with the trial of this case, in view of the findings of the court, would be improper and inconsistent; and the objection will be sustained, and the jury are discharged.” To this ruling of the court plaintiff excepted. Thereupon the court caused to be entered upon the court’s record the-following order, to-wit: “And the defendant objected to the introduction of any and all testimony on the part of plaintiff, and also moved the court to dismiss the action, and for judgment for his costs. Said objection and said motion are argued by *443counsel, and said objection to tlie introduction of any testimony is by tlie court sustained, to which ruling counsel for plaintiff duly excepts, and the jury are discharged from further service.” Thereafter, and on the next day, the court made the following order: “This day the motion of defendant that the action bo dismissed and for judgment for costs, heretofore argued, is by the court overruled; to which ruling counsel for defendant duly excepts.” On the same day the court signed and there is filed a judgment in favor of the plaintiff and against the defendant for the ownership of the property described in plaintiff's complaint, and for plaintiff’s costs of suit.

The proceedings, as presented on the record, are anomalous, and without precedent, so far as Ave know. It is apparent from tlie argument used by the defendant in his objection to tlie introduction of evidence, and from the remarks of the court and his ruling on the objection, that up to the time of the court’s order sustaining the said objection, the case had not b'een tried upon the theory that it Avas a suit to quiet title. NoAvhere. in the pleadings of the plaintiff is there any allegation of ownership on the part of the plaintiff. The principal point s.aAred in the exceptions and treated by the several counsel in their briefs is error of .the court in entering the said judgment for plaintiff. When the court, held that by laches on the part of the defendant he could not maintain his equitable defense, and, in effect, found that the relation of landlord and tenant did not exist bctAveen the plaintiff and the defendant, and declined to allow any evidence to be introduced on the part of the plaintiff in support of his complaint, the duty of the court A\ras to dismiss the action at the cost of the plaintiff.

Without passing upon the point contended for by plaintiff’s counsel, to-wit, that a suit to quiet title can be maintained, tried and adjudicated'on the issues raised in the equitable defense to a suit in unlawful detainer, suffice it to¡ say that the necessary averment of OAvnership. on the part of the plaintiff does not appear in the pleadings; and, further, that the case Avas not tried upon the theory thm it Avas in anyAvise a cause to quiet- title *444in t.lio plaintiff. As we bave said before, the proceedings are anomalous, and the action of the court, under the circumstances as set forth in this opinion, was 'error.

The judgment, of the court is reversed, and the cause remanded.

Reversed and remanded.

Rehearing denied July 31, 1901.