No. 13140 I N THE SUPREME COURT O THE STATE OF M N A A F OTN

STATE e x re1 FRED L, FIELDS, Applicant,

DISTRICT COURT OF THE FIRST JUDICIAL DISTRICT O THE STATE F OF MONTANA, I N AND FOR THE COUNTY OF LEWIS AND CLARK, and THE HONORABLE N T A ALLEN, PRESIDING JUDGE, Respondents.

ORIGINAL PROCEEDING : Counsel o f Record: For Applicant : L o b l e , P i c o t t e and L o b l e , Helena, Montana Gene A. P i c o t t e a r g u e d , Helena, Montana For Movant : Hughes, B e n n e t t and C a i n , Helena, Montana Alan F. C a i n a r g u e d , Helena, Montana For ~ e s p o n d e n t s : Thomas Dowling County A t t o r n e y a r g u e d and C h a r l e s Graveley , Deputy County A t t o r n e y , a r g u e d , Helena, Montana

Submitted: September 23, 1975 3Ci fj - f975 Decided : Filed: ' : !> PER CUKIAM: T h i s i s a p e s i c i o n o r .;upervisory : m t r o l s e e k i n g r-o a n n u l and s e t a s i d e D i s t r i c t Judge Nat A l l e n ' s F i n d i n g s of F a c t , C o n c l u s i o n s o f Law and O r d e r , d a t e d J u l y 1 7 , 1975, i n Lewis and C l a r k County Cause No. 39105 e n t i t l e d " S t a t e of Montana, e x r e 1 Thomas F. Dowling, R e l a t o r v. Fred L. F i e l d s , Respondent." Ex u d r t e t h i s Court o r d e r e d an a d v e r s a r y h e a r i n g w i t h c o p i e s of t h e ~ 2 t i t i o nand s u p p o r t i n g documents t o b e s e r v e d on t h e r e s p o n d e n t judge, t h e c o u n t y a t t o r n e y of Lewis and C l a r k County and t h e dccorney g e n e r a l . A l l p r o c e e d i n g s were s t a y e d under f u r t h e r $ ~ r d eof t h e C o u r t . r A a d v e r s a r y p r o c e e d i n g was had i n t h a t on t h e d a t e s e t n i o r h r d r i n g , Thomas F . Dowling, c o u n t y a t t o r n e y , and C h a r l e s A .

S r a v e l e y , d e p u t y c o u n t y a t t o r n e y , a p p e a r e d and argued o r a l l y w i t h o u t h a v i n g f i l e d b r i e f s , r e s p o n s i v e p l e a d i n g s o r i n any man- II r i d r complying w i t h o u r r u l e s o t h e r t h a n t o f i l e a Motion t o &ash" on t h e grounds t h a t t h e a p p l i c a t i o n f o r s u p e r v i s o r y c o n t r o l lI was n o t timely". The motion t o quash i s d e n i e d .

W e t h e r e f o r e l o o k t o t h e p e t i t i o n and a t t a c h e d e x h i b i t s f o r ,:he C ~ L L situation. Lewis and C l a r k County Aistorney Dowling, wichouc n o t i c e t o r e l a t o r o b t a i n e d an o r d e r r e q u i r i n g , among o t h e r i h i n g s , t h e summary s e i z u r e of t h r e e dogs b e l o n g i n g t o r e l a t o r and r e q u i r i n g r e l a t o r t o a p p e a r b e f o r e Judge Gordon B e n n e t t t o show c a u s e why one o f t h e dogs s h o u l d n o t b e d e s t r o y e d and t h e II o c h e r two dogs s h o u l d n o t b e confined t o determine t h e i r vicious tendencies".

The s i t u a t i o n g i v i n g r i s e t c ~t h i s u n u s u a l t y p e o f a c t i o n a ~ i ddrder was a s f o l l o w s : R e l a t o r had h i s t h r e e dogs c h a i n e d on h i s own p r e m i s e s . O June 5 , 1975, t h e body of t h r e e y e a r o l d n l-ieidi F o u s t was found n e a r t h e p l a c e where one of r e l a t o r ' s d o g s , = I ; i b e r i a n Husky, was c h a i n e d . According t o t h e g r a n d f a t h e r of che d e c e d e n t , who found t h e body, t h e S i b e r i a n d o g ' s c h a i n was wrappeJ dbduc he i o r s v 3f che child four t i m e s . A t that ti-me ):elator F i e l d s was a b s e n t from t h e s c e n e of t h e t r a g e d y b u t had l e f t h i s dogs i n c a r e of a n o t h e r , b u t c h a i n e d and c a r e d f o r on u r e m i s e s where he had a r i g h t t o have them.

The t h r e e dogs were s e i z e d and p l a c e d i n t h e c i t y of 'ieleria dog pound. On June 1 7 r e l a t o r r e t u r n e d t o Lewis and Clarlc County and c o n s u l t e d h i s a t t o r n e y . H i s a t t o r n e y f i l e d a motion If ro S t r i k e and Expunge, and A l t e r n a t i v e Motion t o Quash" t h e o r d e r p r o v i d i n g f o r s e i z u r e of t h e dogs. Judge B e n n e t t was d i s - q u a l i f i e d and r e s p o n d e n t D i s t r i c t Judge Nat A l l e n a c c e p t e d j ~ r i s - ~ i t ic n . o B r i e f s were f i l e d by b o t h s i d e s on t h e p r e v i o u s l y men- c i o n e d motions t o s t r i k e and expunge and a l t e r n a t i v e l y t o quash. tespondent Judge A l l e n d e n i e d t h e motions and s e t t h e m a t t e r f o r If hearing upon t h e m e r i t s " f o r J u n e 26, 1975.

O June 26, 1975, t h e r e s p o n d e n t j u d g e , from t h e b e n c h , n d r d e r e d t h e c o n t i n u e d confinement of t h e S i b e r i a n Husky dog b u t o r d e r e d t h e r e t u r n of t h e o t h e r two dogs t o r e l a t o r F i e l d s .

On J u l y 1 7 , 1975, t h e r e s p o n d e n t judge made f i n d i n g s o f f a c t and c o n c l u s i o n s of law and o r d e r .

The f i n d i n g s r e c i t e d t h a t t h e r e s p o n d e n t judge had viewed t h e p r e m i s e s and had s e e n t h e dog. The f i n d i n g s were t h a t r e l a t o r h e r e was t h e owner of t h e dog, t h a t h e k e p t t h e dog on a 25 f o o t c h a i n on unfencedUproperty. That t h e t h r e e y e a r o l d c h i l d c r o s s e d t h e unfenced p r o p e r t y , came w i t h i n t h e a r c of t h e c h a i n , and t h a t t h e dog k . i l l e d t h e c h i l d by " b i t t i n g ( s i c ) and e x p o s i n g her trachea". .

The r e s p o n d e n t c o u r t t h e n concluded a s a m a t t e r of law c h a t t h e dog was a " p u b l i c n u i s a n c e 1 ' and a s such was s u b j e c t t o I1 "abatement". The r e s p o n d e n t c o u r t t h e n remanded" t h e dog t o t h e S h e r i f f who he o r d e r e d t o " e x t e r m i n a t e " s a i d dog [ p u b l i c n u i s a n c e ] forthwith. iJn t h e sarile day as t h e o r d e r w a s made, ciouney A ~ r o r n e y Dowling, a c t i n g i n a p r i v a t e c a p a c i t y , r e p r e s e n t e d t h e . p a r e n t s of t h e deceased c h i l d . A lawsuit a g a i n s t r e l a t o r Fields praying f o r damages i n a l a r g e sum h a s been f i l e d by t h e p a r e n t s . W need n o t e d e v e l o p t h i s f u r t h e r t o o b s e r v e t h a t p r o b a b l y t h e most c r i t i c a l e v i d e n c e a t any f u t u r e p r o c e e d i n g would b e t h e dog.

The f o r e g o i n g r e c i t a t i o n s a r e background o n l y . The q u e s t i o n i s whether a d i s t r i c t c o u r t can d e c l a r e a domestic a n i m a l , I' 'I c o n f i n e d by c h a i n even i f on unfenced1' p r e m i s e s , a public nuisance1'. ela at or's p r e m i s e s a r e n o t w i t h i n t h e b o u n d a r i e s o i any c i t y o r town. There i s simply no s t a t u t e o r law making che k e e p i n g o f a domestic a n i m a l , a dog, on o n e ' s own p r e m i s e s i l l e g a l i n any way. I t c a n n o t be w i t h o u t more a p u b l i c n u i s a n c e .

Without more, t h e p r o c e e d i n g below i s h e l d v o i d .

That emotions n a t u r a l l y engendered by t h e t r a g i c d e a t h o i l i t t l e I I e i d i F o u s t c a u s e d such an a c t i o n i s c l e a r . Yet, t h e r e i s no l a w p e r m i t t i n g t h e s e i z u r e and d e s t r u c t i o n o f r e l a t o r ' s dog.

A i n c i d e n t a l b e n e f i t w i l l b e t h e p r e s e r v a t i o n of i n d i s p e n s a b l e n e v i d e n c e f o r u s e i n t h e f o r t h c o m i n g a c t i o n f o r damages. The p r o c e e d i n g below i s o r d e r e d d i s m i s s e d and r e l a t o r ' s dog r e t u r n e d t o him f o r t h w i t h .