Love v. Moore
Love v. Moore
Opinion of the Court
Defendant first argues that plaintiff is not entitled to set aside her own judgment. While this was arguably the law according to former G.S. 1-220 which provided for relief to “a party from a judgment . . . taken against him,” Rule 60(b) has no language suggesting that the movant for relief from a judgment must be the losing party. It appears, therefore, that in general “any party may seek relief under the rule.” W. Shuford, N.C. Civil Practice and Procedure § 60-4 (1975). However, defendant contends that the motion of the plaintiff was improperly granted on the facts of this case because the unenforceability of the judgment, which formed the basis for plaintiffs motion, resulted from plaintiffs own failure to comply with statutory notice requirements. In support of this argument, defendant makes three assignments of error.
While it is true that this Court held in Love v. Nationwide, supra, that the judgment which had been entered was in fact a default judgment in spite of the fact that no entry of default was made, it does not follow that plaintiff acted in violation of the law. There is no indication that plaintiff acted in bad faith since she did not know that the judgment would be held to be a default judgment, this case having been one of first impression. Neither was the plaintiff informed by Nationwide that its insured was an assigned risk. Thus, plaintiff acted in compliance with the facts and law as she reasonably understood them in giving notice only to Moore.
Defendant next argues that the court erred in finding that all necessary evidence is still available to Nationwide to defend the action. This finding, defendant contends, is contradicted by the undisputed fact that defendant Moore is now deceased, having died in 1978. In view of the fact that Nationwide had actual notice of the accident shortly after it occurred, and participated in negotiations with plaintiffs attorney regarding her claim, we find this argument unpersuasive. Nationwide had ample opportunity to depose its insured or to take whatever other action it deemed appropriate to preserve evidence favorable to Moore’s defense. While it is true that not all of the evidence available in 1973 is now available to defendant, the court did not err in finding that all evidence necessary to trial is still available.
Defendant’s third contention is that the court erred in vacating the judgment against Moore and authorizing notice to Nationwide more than seven years after the original complaint. In supporting this contention, defendant characterizes plaintiff’s failure to give notice to the insurer as a “voluntary and conscious choice” designed “to circumvent the law of North Carolina.”
While it is clear, in retrospect, that plaintiff should have given notice to Nationwide, her failure to do so hardly raises a presumption of insidious design. Plaintiff had no knowledge of the fact that defendant’s insured was an assigned risk although defendant had opportunities to apprise her of the fact. Neither could she know that her understanding of the law with regard to the
In its second question presented, defendant challenges the court’s assertion of jurisdiction over defendant’s insured.
Defendant first contends that notice to Moore was insufficient because his middle name was incorrect in the published notice. We agree with defendant that such an error takes on greater significance in a case such as this where the defendant failed to appear, and was not personally served with process, than in cases where process is personally served and/or the defendant appears. However, defendant does not claim that it was unaware of the identity of its insured or of its own potential liability for the injury to plaintiff. Moreover, defendant made no attempt to correct plaintiff’s misunderstanding as to the name of its insured during negotiations on plaintiff’s claim or at any other time.
While it is possible that Moore would have been misled by the error in the published notice, this risk was reduced by the inclusion in the notice of details of the accident. We find, therefore, that notice did not fail, on the facts of this case, as a result of plaintiff’s mistake as to the middle name of defendant’s insured.
Defendant’s final argument is that service of process by publication was a violation of due process under the circumstances of this case. We find this to be the most persuasive of defendant’s arguments.
In determining the constitutional sufficiency of notice afforded defendant’s insured, the question is whether the notice given
Notice by publication is generally justified only when more adequate means of service have been exhausted. Publication clearly is not a dependable means of putting a defendant on notice. Here, plaintiff attempted personal service on defendant’s insured without success before resorting to notice by publication. A reasonable argument might be made that plaintiffs efforts were not sufficiently diligent to fulfill the demands of due process. Plaintiff could have inquired of Nationwide as to the whereabouts of its insured and/or could have given Nationwide formal notice of the action against its insured so that it could exercise its right to come in and defend. Plaintiff’s failure to do this weighs against her. However, in view of defendant’s actual notice of the claim, and plaintiffs good faith efforts to comply with the law as she reasonably understood it at the time, we affirm the trial court’s ruling that plaintiff be permitted to pursue her claim in court.
Affirmed.
Dissenting Opinion
dissenting.
I must respectfully dissent for a number of reasons. In the first place, plaintiff is not a party aggrieved by the judgment against Moore from which she seeks to be relieved. She was obviously satisfied with that verdict and judgment. Her present predicament stems from her failure timely to take the steps necessary to get a judgment against a different entity — Nationwide. Moreover, even if plaintiff could be said to be entitled to any relief from that judgment, it would have to be based on either “Mistake, inadvertence, surprise, or excusable neglect.” Rule 60(b)(1). A motion on one of those grounds has long since been barred because it must be made within one year of the judgment. Significantly, plaintiffs motion does not set out the rule
For the reasons stated, I respectfully suggest that the order from which defendant appeals should be reversed.
Reference
- Full Case Name
- NANCY CAROL LOVE Formerly NANCY LOVE MILLS v. FRANK WILLIAM MOORE and NATIONWIDE MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY
- Cited By
- 2 cases
- Status
- Published