Bailey v. LeBeau
Bailey v. LeBeau
Opinion of the Court
To prevent a manifest injustice, we, ex mero motu, suspend the rules of appellate procedure to review all aspects of this case and reverse portions of the judgment and remand the case for a new trial on plaintiffs claim for breach of express warranty. Rule 2, N.C. Rules of Appellate Procedure.
Defendants first contend that the evidence in this record is insufficient to support a finding that defendant Pioneer Coach made any warranty to plaintiff. We disagree. The evidence in the record tends to show that Pioneer Coach advertised the sale of the automobile in a magazine under its name and logo and that at the time of purchase the automobile displayed Pioneer Coach license tags and was titled in the company’s name. Plaintiff
In our opinion, the evidence in the record is not sufficient to raise an inference that defendants breached an implied warranty. Under G.S. 25-2-315, there is a warranty of fitness for a particular purpose “[w]here the seller at the time of contracting has reason to know any particular purpose for which the goods are required and that the buyer is relying on the seller’s skill or judgment to select or furnish suitable goods. . . .” The seller’s warranty, however, is not his personal guarantee regarding the continuous and future operation of the goods which he has sold. Pake v. Byrd, 55 N.C. App. 551, 286 S.E. 2d 588 (1982). To establish a breach of warranty, there must be evidence sufficient to show that a defect existed at the time of the sale. Id., Cooper v. Mason, 14 N.C. App. 472, 188 S.E. 2d 653 (1972).
In the present case, we need not decide whether defendants made an implied warranty that the automobile was fit for the particular purpose of long distance driving, because no evidence was introduced to show that the breakdown was caused by any defect that existed at the time of the sale. In the absence of such evidence, the issue of breach of an implied warranty of fitness for a particular purpose should not have been submitted to the jury.
We cannot tell whether the jury found that defendants breached an express warranty because of the form of issues five and six as submitted to the jury. There is, however, in our opinion, evidence to support a finding by the jury that defendants breached an express warranty. Plaintiff testified at trial that Thomas LeBeau told him that certain engine parts had been replaced within six months. The testimony of Bernard Smith, an
While there is evidence in this record of a breach of an express warranty regarding the time when engine parts were replaced, there is no evidence to support the award of damages for breach of express warranty in the amount of $2,200.00. There is no evidence as to the value of the vehicle as warranted (with parts replaced within six months) compared to its actual value at the time of acceptance (with parts replaced within one and a half years). G.S. 25-2-714(2); Williams v. Chrysler-Plymouth, Inc., 48 N.C. App. 308, 269 S.E. 2d 184, disc. rev. denied, 301 N.C. 406, 273 S.E. 2d 451 (1980). Thus, there must be a new trial with respect to plaintiffs claim for express warranty.
Defendants contend that the trial court erred in finding and concluding that defendants violated G.S. 75-1.1, and in awarding plaintiff treble damages and attorney’s fees. G.S. 75-l.Ka) provides that “unfair or deceptive acts or practices in or affecting commerce, are declared unlawful.” G.S. 75-16 further provides, in pertinent part, as follows:
If any person shall be injured ... by reason of any act or thing done by any other person, firm or corporation in violation of the provisions of this Chapter, such person . . . so injured shall have a right of action on account of such injury done, and if damages are assessed in such case judgment shall be rendered in favor of the plaintiff and against the defendant for treble the amount fixed by the verdict.
Pursuant to G.S. 75-16.1, upon a finding that the party charged with a violation of G.S. 75-1.1 willfully engaged in the act or practice and that there was an unwarranted refusal to resolve
A practice is unfair and violates the statute “when it offends established public policy and when the practice is immoral, unethical, oppressive, unscrupulous, or substantially injurious to consumers.” Lee v. Payton, 67 N.C. App. 480, 482, 313 S.E. 2d 247, 249 (1984) (citation omitted). An act is deceptive if it has the capacity or tendency to deceive, but proof of actual deception is not required. Id. As an essential element of a cause of action under G.S. 75-16, plaintiff must prove not only that defendants violated G.S. 75-1.1, but also that plaintiff has suffered actual injury as a proximate result of defendants’ misrepresentations. Ellis v. Smith-Broadhurst, Inc., 48 N.C. App. 180, 268 S.E. 2d 271 (1980).
While there is evidence in this record that defendants misrepresented that the engine parts had been replaced within six months prior to the sale of the automobile, there is no evidence that plaintiff suffered an “injury” because of such representation. The record contains no evidence which tends to show that the automobile broke down because the parts had not been replaced within six months. Thus, the court erred in trebling any damages and awarding attorney’s fees.
For the reasons stated, the judgment ordering that defendants, jointly and severally, pay plaintiff damages in the amount of $2,200.00, trebling such damages against defendant Pioneer Coach, and awarding plaintiff attorney’s fees in the amount of $2,340.00, must be reversed, and the cause is remanded to the district court for a new trial on plaintiffs claim for breach of express warranty.
Reversed in part, and remanded for a new trial on the issue of breach of express warranty.
Dissenting Opinion
dissenting.
In my opinion, error prejudicial to the defendants has neither been shown nor is manifest from the record and the judgment appealed from should not be disturbed. In their brief defendants make but four contentions, one of which is repetitious — that the evidence does not show that defendant Pioneer Coach made any warranty whatever to Bailey; that the evidence does not show that either defendant committed an unfair or deceptive trade practice; that the evidence does not support a breach of warranty claim; and that the trial judge abused his discretion in permitting leading questions to be asked the plaintiff — and none of which have merit. And the reasons given by the majority for depriving plaintiff of his verdict and requiring that the case be retried is supported neither by evidence nor any principle of justice that I am aware of. Their impression that no evidence was introduced to show that the breakdown of the car was caused by any defect that existed at the time of sale —the apparent basis for eliminating the implied warranty claim and ordering a new trial on the express warranty claim — and that the evidence does not support the damages awarded and, indeed, does not show that plaintiff even suffered an injury at all as a consequence of the defendants’ deceitful trade practice is, to say the least, mistaken.
The record contains evidence tending to show that: Defendants were told, in effect, that the car purchased had to be suitable for effective and economical long distance driving and they impliedly represented that the car sold to plaintiff was suitable for that purpose. Defendant LeBeau told plaintiff he knew it was a good car and would give him good service and explicitly represented that the rings, the valves, the pistons, and the engine block of the car had been completely overhauled within the previous six months and that the front brakes had just been redone and the rear brakes checked and found to be in good condition. These representations reasonably implied, it seems to me, that the overhaul job was properly done, that the engine still functioned accordingly, and it was capable of continuing to function as a recently overhauled engine; which was not the case, as the use of the car soon revealed. Almost immediately the brakes failed to function properly and it was found that the transmission had no fluid and for that matter would not hold fluid, as much of the two quarts put in it leaked out on the ground, a clear indication that
This and the other evidence, in my opinion, not only indicates that the engine was defective when defendants sold the car to
If justice requires that any legal requirements, appellate or otherwise, be waived in this case, it plainly requires that they be waived in favor of the one who has been deceived and victimized; it certainly does not require that they be waived in favor of those who did the deceiving and have enjoyed the fruits of their deception ever since as the majority would do. But there is no reason
Reference
- Full Case Name
- CLYDE C. BAILEY, JR. v. THOMAS LeBEAU and PIONEER COACH MANUFACTURING COMPANY
- Cited By
- 16 cases
- Status
- Published