State v. Tucker
State v. Tucker
Opinion of the Court
James Christopher Tucker, defendant, and Sandra Hill were the parents of a two year old boy, Nathan Adam Hill. At the time Ms. Hill became pregnant, she and defendant were living together; however, prior to Nathan’s birth, the couple stopped dating. By the time Nathan was born, Ms. Hill had moved out and was residing with another male. Nathan resided with Ms. Hill until December 1988.
In December 1989, Ms. Hill instituted a child custody action because she had not been allowed to see Nathan. In the child custody action, Ms. Hill obtained an order of custody and subsequently attempted to enforce this order by a contempt citation. Pursuant to the contempt citation, defendant was imprisoned in the Polk County Jail on 12 January 1990 until such time as he produced Nathan Adam Hill.
While defendant was in jail for contempt, he was questioned by the Polk County deputies as to the whereabouts of the child. Defendant denied having any knowledge of Nathan’s whereabouts. The law enforcement officers then initiated a missing persons investigation and the State Bureau of Investigation became involved. S.B.I. Agent Pruitt and the Polk County deputies attempted to question defendant, but he indicated that he did not wish to answer any questions until he had been allowed an attorney.
On 12 January 1990, a deputy with the Polk County Sheriff’s Department sent a PIN message to the Cumberland County Sheriff’s Department where defendant’s uncle by marriage, David McNeely, was employed as a deputy sheriff. The PIN message requested information concerning Mr. McNeely’s relationship with defendant. Upon receipt of the message, Mr. McNeely contacted the Polk County Sheriff’s office. He was advised that Nathan Hill was missing. On 16 January 1990, Mr. McNeely traveled to Polk County. Mr. McNeely was given permission to talk to defendant but in the brief conversation between defendant and Mr. McNeely, defendant denied any knowledge concerning the whereabouts of the child. Mr. McNeely then gave defendant a phone number in the event that defendant needed to contact him.
The next morning Mr. McNeely received a call from a person who identified herself as Melinda Waters, advising him that defendant wanted to talk to him. Mr. McNeely went to the jail and defendant related to Mr. McNeely the details of the child’s death and the whereabouts of the child’s body. Mr. McNeely then suggested that defendant talk to S.B.I. Agent Pruitt.
Based on the information provided, law enforcement officers obtained a search warrant and went to defendant’s property. They found the body of two year old Nathan in a shallow grave at the bottom of an embankment. A search for evidence inside defendant’s mobile home revealed blood wipings on the counter top and at the end of the dining room table.
Between 17 January 1990 and 1 March 1990, defendant handed a two-page handwritten letter to Nick Ross who was a jailer with the Polk County Sheriff’s Department. In the letter, defendant stated “I was on cocaine, for one thing, and another was not working, being cooped up in the house all day. I caught myself being mean to him for no reason. I just lost control of everything.”
An autopsy performed by Dr. Robert L. Thompson of the North Carolina Medical Examiner’s office revealed that Nathan had died as a result of acute peritonitis. Dr. Thompson expressed an opinion that the injuries were likely caused by blunt trauma intentionally inflicted. As a result of the trauma, an infection developed which resulted in the child’s death three or four days later.
By defendant’s first assignment of error, he contends that the trial court committed reversible error by denying his motion to suppress evidence of certain statements made by defendant because such statements were obtained in violation of his Fifth and Fourteenth Amendment rights. We find this contention without merit.
The Fifth Amendment of the Constitution of the United States, made applicable to the States by the Fourteenth Amendment, provides a criminal suspect with the right not to be forced to incriminate himself. Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436, 16 L.Ed.2d 694 (1966). Since the landmark case of Miranda, police have been required to inform a suspect of their rights and to obtain a waiver thereof as a precondition for conducting custodial interrogation. Miranda warnings are only required when an accused is about to be subjected to custodial interrogation. State v. Fletcher and State v. St. Arnold, 279 N.C. 85, 181 S.E.2d 405 (1971).
Defendant made motions to suppress the statements made to David McNeely and to S.B.I. Agent Pruitt. The trial judge conducted a lengthy voir dire hearing on defendant’s motions and later made detailed findings of fact and conclusions of law in support of its decision. The court found that the' statements of the defendant to David McNeely and S.B.I. Agent Pruitt were freely, voluntarily, and understandingly made; that none of the defendant’s constitutional rights were violated; and that the said statements were admissible into evidence at trial.
At trial, the evidence tended to show that defendant initiated the conversation in which he gave his incriminating statement to Mr. McNeely, and that at the time, defendant was not being held on any criminal charges, nor did the authorities know that a crime had been committed. Although Mr. McNeely was a sheriff for the Cumberland County Sheriff’s Department, he was not acting in the capacity of a law enforcement official or an agent for the State. Mr. McNeely’s desire to assist in the case grew out of natural concern for his nephew, the defendant, and also out of concern for the missing child whom he had at one time discussed adopting. Statements will be admissible where they are voluntarily given to persons not acting in their official capacity as law enforcement officials or not acting as agents of the State. State v. Johnson, 29 N.C. App. 141, 223 S.E.2d 400, disc. review denied, 290 N.C. 310, 225 S.E.2d 831 (1976).
The trial court’s findings of fact following a voir dire hearing on the voluntariness of a confession are conclusive on appeal if supported by competent evidence in the record. State v. Jackson, 308 N.C. 549, 304 S.E.2d 134 (1983). “No reviewing court may properly set aside or modify those findings if so supported. This is true even though the evidence is conflicting.” State v. Massey, 316 N.C. 558, 573, 342 S.E.2d 811, 820 (1986). We hold that there was competent evidence to support the trial court’s findings of fact and that the findings of fact support the court’s conclusions of law. The trial court properly denied defendant’s motion to suppress the statements as violating his Fifth Amendment rights.
By defendant’s second assignment of error, he contends that the trial court erred in denying his motion to suppress the evidence of certain statements because such statements were obtained in violation of his Sixth and Fourteenth Amendment rights. We disagree.
The Sixth Amendment of the Constitution of the United States, made applicable to the States by the Fourteenth Amendment, guarantees that in all criminal prosecutions an accused shall enjoy the right to have assistance of counsel for his defense. Gideon v. Wainright, 372 U.S. 335, 9 L.Ed.2d 799 (1963). The Sixth Amendment right attaches at the initiation of adversary judicial criminal proceedings. Kirby v. Illinois, 406 U.S. 682, 32 L.Ed.2d 411 (1972). Police may not initiate interrogation of a defendant whose Sixth Amendment right has attached. Michigan v. Jackson, 475 U.S. 625, 89 L.Ed.2d 631 (1986).
Interrogation, as that term is used in Sixth Amendment cases, refers to conduct of law enforcement which is deliberately and
However, even if we were to find that Mr. McNeely was acting in his official capacity as a law enforcement official when he talked with defendant, the Sixth Amendment would still be inapplicable because at the time Mr. McNeely talked with defendant, the investigation had not reached the point of the accusatory stage and had certainly not reached the point when adversary judicial proceedings had been initiated against defendant. Kirby, 406 U.S. 682, 32 L.Ed.2d 411.
Defendant initiated the second meeting with Mr. McNeely at which time he freely and voluntarily gave him an incriminating statement. The statement voluntarily given to Mr. McNeely as a result of the session initiated by defendant did not violate defendant’s Sixth Amendment right to counsel.
We also find that the statement given to S.B.I. Agent Pruitt by defendant was not in violation of his Sixth Amendment right to counsel. After defendant gave incriminating statements to Mr. McNeely, Mr. McNeely suggested that defendant talk to Agent Pruitt. Before their conversation commenced, Agent Pruitt read defendant his rights, and defendant knowingly, voluntarily and intelligently signed a written waiver of his rights. Defendant then proceeded to give a detailed statement to Agent Pruitt. Under these circumstances, we find the trial court properly ruled that defendant’s constitutional right was not violated.
By defendant’s third assignment of error, he contends that the trial court erred in denying his motion to suppress evidence obtained pursuant to a search warrant that was based upon evidence obtained in violation of his constitutional rights. We find this argument meritless.
Law enforcement officers obtained a search warrant based on an affidavit containing information given to David McNeely by defendant. Once law enforcement officers searched the property
As discussed above, this Court has already determined that the incriminating statements made were not obtained in violation of the defendant’s constitutional rights, and therefore, can be used as the basis for probable cause in a validly issued search warrant. Accordingly, this Court finds that defendant’s motion to suppress was properly denied by the trial court.
By defendant’s fourth assignment of error, he contends that the trial court erred by denying his motion to suppress a statement that was written by defendant and given to a jailer because such statement was obtained in violation of his constitutional rights. We find no merit in this argument.
After defendant had been charged with this crime and while still in custody, he wrote a letter to the jailer, Nick Ross, trying to explain what had been done. This unsolicited letter was not barred by a violation of defendant’s Fifth and Sixth Amendment rights because it was freely and voluntarily given. The statement is therefore admissible.
By his final assignment of error, defendant contends that the evidence at trial was insufficient to support the findings of fact made by the trial judge. We have carefully reviewed the evidence and each of the court’s findings and we find this assignment and all of defendant’s assignments of error to be without merit. Defendant received a trial free of any prejudicial error.
We find no error.
Case-law data current through December 31, 2025. Source: CourtListener bulk data.