State v. Steen
State v. Steen
Opinion of the Court
Defendant George Michael Steen appeals from a judgment entered upon jury verdicts finding him guilty of two counts of first-degree sexual offense with a child in violation of N.C.G.S.-§ 14-27.4(a)(l), and one count of sexual offense withachild in violation ofN.C.G.S. § 14-27.4A(a). We find no error.
The evidence presented at trial tendedlo show that M.S. was placed into the custody of the Lincoln County Department of Social Services (“DSS”) on 2 November 2004, after he and his sisters were removed from his mother’s home upon allegations that the children were neglected; M.S. was four years old. Immediately following his removal from his mother’s home, M.S. was placed in the home of then-foster parents defendant and his wife, Jennifer Steen, for twenty-one days. Then, in an effort to reunite M.S. with his sisters, M.S. was removed from defendant’s home and placed in another foster care home with his sisters, where M.S. remained for less than three months before the family determined that it could not “handle” all three children. M.S. was then returned to defendant’s home for about two-and-a-half years until M.S. was removed again and returned to his biological mother for two months in an attempt at reunification. M.S. underwent a series of placements for the next two months, and was then placed for a third time in defendant’s home in December 2007, where M.S. lived until he left for the last time in February 2009, when M.S. was eight years old.
According to April Gullatte, who was M.S.’s DSS foster care social worker from 2004 through September 2009, M.S.’s third placement with defendant ended when M.S. “was accused of acting out sexually at school, going up under the bathroom stall and trying to touch a child.” After that incident, M.S. was placed in the home of Debra and Mickey Ledford, who were “level two therapeutic foster parents,” “specially trained ... to handle certain behavioral issues that children have that are in care.”
At trial, then-eleven-year-old M.S. testified that, while he lived in defendant’s house, defendant would take showers with him once or twice a week, which defendant himself admitted occurred at that frequency. Although defendant testified that the “only time” he took showers with M.S. was “when [they] were going somewhere and [they] had to hurry up and get ready so [they] could get going,” M.S. testified that, when defendant took showers with him, defendant did “sexual things” to him.
According to M.S., while defendant was in the shower with him, defendant would have M.S. “get down on [his] knees” and defendant would move back and forth and “mak[e] [M.S.] suck his penis,” which M.S. said felt “[w]eird and gooey” and “[l]ike soft” in M.S.’s mouth. M.S. also testified that defendant put his mouth on M.S.’s penis, and that “it just didn’t feel right.” M.S. further testified that defendant “sticked [sic] his penis in [M.S.’s] butt,” and described that defendant would put his penis “in between [M.S.’s] butt crack,” so that defendant’s penis touched the part of M.S.’s bottom where the food comes out. M.S. also said that when defendant would stand behind him and put his penis in M.S.’s bottom, M.S. would stand on the sides of the tub and hold onto both the wall and the rod that holds up the shower curtain so that he would not slip and fall in the shower. While defendant was showering with M.S., M.S. said that defendant’s wife would be out of the house or “somewhere in the house,” and said that “she would open the blinds to see what we were doing but we would always stop then. He would tell me to stop.” Finally, M.S. testified that defendant told M.S. that he would “do something to [M.S.] if [he] told” about what happened in the shower, “said he would hurt [M.S.] or get [M.S.] in trouble,” and that M.S. “thought really [defendant] was going to hurt [him].” Additionally, M.S. said that defendant “told [M.S.] he would tell [defendant’s wife] or someone else that [M.S.] was lying about what [M.S.] said and who believes little kids?”
In early 2010, Donna Corriher, the DSS social worker who took over M.S.’s case after he began living with the Ledfords, received an e mail from the Ledfords which described the allegations that M.S. reported to them. Upon receiving the e mail, Ms. Corriher filed a report with DSS, which initiated an investigation. Amy Cloninger, a family assessor investigator for Child Protective Services for DSS, was assigned to conduct the investigation into M.S.’s allegations.
On 2 February 2010, when M.S. was nine years old, M.S. was interviewed at the Child Advocacy Center, which interview was simultaneously observed through closed-circuit television by Ms. Cloninger, Ms. Corriher, and Detective Dennis Harris from the Lincolnton Police Department. During the interview, M.S. said, “I had sex with that man, [defendant] George Steen,” and when asked what he meant by “sex,” M.S. said that defendant “stuck his penis up [his] butt.” M.S. also reiterated his allegations, including that “he did oral sex to [defendant] and [defendant] did it to him more than once,” that defendant would make M.S. “stand on the rails” or sides of the tub and “they would have sex,” and that “ [i]t happened in the shower” and “didn’t happen anywhere else.” M.S. also repeated his allegation that, when defendant’s wife would enter the bathroom, “they would stop because she might pull back the curtains.”
Colden Quick, a therapist and licensed clinical social worker with Piedmont Family Services, testified that M.S. was referred to his practice for an evaluation after M.S. was involved in an inappropriate sexual contact with another student at school. Mr. Quick was admitted, without objection, as an expert in the field of clinical social work with a specialty in sexual abuse, and testified that M.S. exhibited behaviors that are consistent with children who have experienced sexual abuse. Mr. Quick further opined that it is not normal for a child of M.S.’s age to know about anal stimulation or penetration, or to have opinions about what anal stimulation feels like without having been exposed to it or having experienced it.
Kelly Holland, a therapist and clinical manager at Thompson Child Family Focus, a residential treatment facility for children who have
Detective Harris testified that he received a report from DSS in February 2010 alleging that M.S. had been sexually abused by defendant, and recounted the acts constituting that abuse, which allegations were consistent with the testimony offered by each of the State’s prior witnesses at trial. Detective Harris further testified that the report indicated that defendant told M.S. to say that, if anyone found out, that M.S. should say that it was defendant’s brother who perpetrated the abuse.
With respect to M.S.’s truthfulness, the Ledfords both testified that M.S. lied or was untruthful on a number of occasions during the time he lived with them. Ms. Corriher, M.S.’s social worker, testified that lying was not an issue with M.S. “any more than other children lie like on an average,” and said that M.S. “might tell a lie like if he thought he was going to get in trouble and once he was sat down [sic] and talked to about that, he might fess up to it.” Ms. Cloninger, the DSS investigator, testified that, during M.S.’s interview, she observed that M.S. “showed that he knew the difference between the truth and a lie.” Mr. Quick, M.S.’s therapist, testified that M.S. would tell him that “he didn’t want to get anybody in trouble for things that he would say.” Additionally, at trial, M.S. testified that he understood that it was important to tell the
Defendant was indicted on two counts of first-degree sexual offense with a child and charged upon an information on one count of sexual offense with a child. At trial, defendant moved to dismiss the charges at the close of the State’s evidence and at the close of all of the evidence, which motions were denied. Defendant was found guilty by a jury on each of the charged offenses, and was sentenced to a term of 300 months to 369 months imprisonment. Defendant appeals.
Defendant first contends the trial court erred by denying his motions to dismiss because the State presented insufficient evidence of the charged offenses. After a careful review of defendant’s argument, we find no error with respect to this issue.
“Upon defendant’s motion for dismissal, the question for the Court is whether there is substantial evidence (1) of each essential element of the offense charged, or of a lesser offense included therein, and (2) of defendant’s being the perpetrator of such offense. If so, the motion is properly denied.” State v. Powell, 299 N.C. 95, 98, 261 S.E.2d 114, 117 (1980). “Substantial evidence is such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a conclusion.” State v. Smith, 300 N.C. 71, 78-79, 265 S.E.2d 164, 169 (1980). “The trial court in considering such motions is concerned only with the sufficiency of the evidence to carry the case to the jury and not with its weight.” Powell, 299 N.C. at 99, 261 S.E.2d at 117. “The trial court’s function is to test whether a reasonable inference of the defendant’s guilt of the crime charged may be drawn from the evidence.” Id. “In so doing the trial court should only be concerned that the evidence is sufficient to get the case to the jury; it should not be concerned with the weight of the evidence.” State v. Earnhardt, 307 N.C. 62, 67, 296 S.E.2d 649, 652 (1982). “The evidence is to be considered in the light most favorable to the State; the State is entitled to every reasonable intendment and every reasonable inference to be drawn therefrom . . . .” Powell, 299 N.C. at 99, 261 S.E.2d at 117. “[C]ontradictions and discrepancies are for the jury to resolve and do not warrant dismissal; and all of the evidence actually admitted, whether competent or incompetent, which is favorable to the State is to be considered by the court in ruling on the motion.” Id. “The defendant’s
In the present case, defendant does not dispute, and the record reflects, that the State presented “relevant evidence” that “a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support [the] conclusion” that defendant was the perpetrator of the charged offenses and that he committed each essential element of those offenses. See Smith, 300 N.C. at 78-79, 265 S.E.2d at 169. “What defendant argues as the basis for insufficient evidence in fact goes to the issues of credibility and weight to be given to the evidence.” See State v. Jordan, 321 N.C. 714, 717, 365 S.E.2d 617, 619 (1988). Specifically, defendant argues that the testimony presented by the accusing victim M.S. was not credible — and thus insufficient— based on purported contradictions in M.S.’s testimony and discrepancies between M.S.’s testimony and defendant’s witnesses’ testimony. Nevertheless, our courts have long recognized, and defendant himself concedes, that “[t]he credibility of witnesses and the proper weight to be given their testimony must be decided by the jury — not by the court.” See State v. Orr, 260 N.C. 177, 179, 132 S.E.2d 334, 336 (1963). Since “contradictions and discrepancies are for the jury to resolve and do not warrant dismissal,” see Powell, 299 N.C. at 99, 261 S.E.2d at 117, and “[t]he defendant’s evidence, unless favorable to the State, is not to be taken into consideration,” see Earnhardt, 307 N.C. at 67, 296 S.E.2d at 653, we conclude that the trial court did not err when it denied defendant’s motions to dismiss the charged offenses.
We note that defendant asserts as a sub issue to his first issue on appeal that M.S. was incompetent to testily in accordance -with N.C.G.S. § 8C-1, Rule 601(b). However, because defendant failed to challenge M.S.’s competence at trial and thus failed to preserve this argument on appeal, see N.C.R. App. R 10(a)(1), and because any contradictions in M.S.’s testimony “may have been an appropriate subject for cross examination or a jury argument, [but]... in no way alterf] [M.S.’s] competence as a witness,” see State v. Carter, 210 N.C. App. 156, 162, 707 S.E.2d 700, 705 (internal quotation marks omitted), disc. review denied, 365 N.C. 202, 710 S.E.2d 9 (2011), we decline to consider this assertion further.
' Defendant next challenges testimony from North Carolina State Bureau of Investigation (“SBI”) Special Agent Amanda Nosalek, who was called as the State’s last rebuttal witness before the close of all of the evidence.
Defendant first asserts that the trial court erred by failing to issue a limiting instruction on its own motion for the jury “to disregard any reference to [Special Agent Nosalek’s] role as a polygraph examiner”
Defendant next challenges testimony elicited from Special Agent Nosalek that recounted defendant’s opinions regarding “what [defendant] thought should happen to a person who had done something like this to a child” and whether “that person should get a second chance.” Because defendant challenges this testimony for the first time on appeal, such challenges can only be reviewed for plain error. See State v. Lawrence, 365 N.C. 506, 512, 723 S.E.2d 326, 330 (2012) (“Unpreserved error in criminal cases ... is reviewed only for plain error.”).
“It is well established that the admission of evidence without objection waives prior or subsequent objection to the admission of evidence of a similar character.” State v. Campbell, 296 N.C. 394, 399, 250 S.E.2d 228, 231 (1979). Additionally, “[statements elicited by a defendant on cross-examination are, even if error, invited error, by which a defendant cannot be prejudiced as a matter of law,” State v. Gobal, 186 N.C. App. 308, 319, 651 S.E.2d 279, 287 (2007), aff’d per curiam, 362 N.C. 342, 661 S.E.2d 732 (2008), and “a defendant who invites error has waived his right to all appellate review concerning the invited error, including plain error review.” State v. Barber, 147 N.C. App. 69, 74, 554 S.E.2d 413, 416
Our review of the transcript reveals that, during cross-examination, defendant testified about the opinions he expressed to Special Agent Nosalek regarding whether he would want the person who hurt M.S. to be punished, whether such a person should be given a second chance, and what he thought should happen to somebody who abused M.S. Because defendant himself offered testimony that is of a similar character to the testimony from Special Agent Nosalek which defendant now challenges by this argument on appeal, we conclude that defendant has waived his right to appellate review of any error that may have resulted from the admission of this challenged testimony from Special Agent Nosalek. Accordingly, we overrule this issue on appeal. Defendant’s challenges to other portions of Special Agent Nosalek’s testimony for which defendant has failed to present argument supported by persuasive or binding legal authority are deemed abandoned. See N.C.R. App. P. 28(a), (b)(6).
No error.
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