State v. Dial
State v. Dial
Opinion of the Court
Where defendant took an unusually long time to answer the door at his residence, weapons were known to be inside the residence, and defendant’s own actions led him to be arrested in the open doorway, deputies had a reasonable belief that the residence may have harbored an individual posing a danger to the deputies. The trial court properly denied defendant’s motion to suppress evidence recovered as a result of the deputies’ protective sweep.
I. Factual and Procedural Background
On 20 May 2011, Chris Burger
Deputies Tipton (Tipton) and Miller (Miller) responded to Burger’s request for assistance, arrived at the residence, and were briefed on the situation. Burger informed them he believed weapons to be inside the residence and showed them the order for defendant’s arrest. The three deputies developed a plan to try to observe who was in the residence.
On 10 October 2011, defendant was indicted for possession of a firearm by a felon. Defendant filed a motion to suppress the evidence that was discovered as a result of the protective sweep of his residence. On 15 March 2012, Judge Allen Baddour denied defendant’s motion to suppress. Defendant subsequently pled guilty before Judge Stone to possession of a firearm by a felon, reserving the right to appeal the denial of his motion to suppress. The trial court sentenced defendant to twelve to fifteen months imprisonment. This sentence was suspended and defendant was placed on supervised probation for thirty months.
Defendant appeals.
II. Motion to Suppress
In his only argument on appeal, defendant contends that the trial court erred in denying his motion to suppress the evidence of the firearms that was discovered as a result of a protective sweep of his residence. We disagree.
A. Standard of Review
Our review of a trial court’s denial of a motion to suppress is “strictly limited to determining whether the trial judge’s underlying findings of fact are supported by competent evidence, in which event they
B. Challenged Findings of Fact
Defendant challenges three of the trial court’s findings of fact from its order denying the motion to suppress.
Defendant first challenges the finding of fact that states Burger “had dealt with defendant on other occasions as well, including making felony drug arrests at the residence.” At the suppression hearing, Burger testified that he previously served defendant at least six times with child support papers and that he had “dealings with other individuals” at the residence as well. He further testified that on one of these occasions he arrested an individual for felony possession of cocaine at the residence and characterized the residence as a known “drug house.” At the suppression hearing, defendant acknowledged being arrested in 2004 on marijuana charges. This testimony supports the trial court’s finding of fact that Burger had previously made felony drug arrests at the residence.
Even assuming arguendo that this evidence only supports a finding of fact that Burger made one felony drug arrest at the residence, there is no prejudicial error. Any discrepancy in the number of felony drug arrests, whether it was one or several, is inconsequential to the analysis of whether Tipton and Miller had a reasonable belief that defendant’s residence harbored an individual posing a danger to the deputies.
Defendant next challenges the trial court’s finding of fact that states “Burger briefed [Tipton and Miller] on the situation, letting them know that he believed there to be weapons inside [defendant’s residence] . ” At the suppression hearing, Tipton and Miller were questioned about their conversation with Burger that occurred shortly after their arrival, what Burger told them, and what they knew about the situation. Tipton and Miller never mentioned in their testimony whether or not Burger informed them that there were weapons inside the residence. Burger testified that he “knew there [were] firearms inside that house” from his previous encounters at the residence, and that he “briefed [Tipton and Miller] on what happened with my prior occasions at the house as far as my dealings with [defendant]. I - for their safety, I informed them there was [sic] weapons to my knowledge inside the house.” Defendant contends that Tipton or Miller did not testify that Burger communicated this information to them. However, Burger’s testimony, by itself, supports the trial court’s finding of fact that he informed Tipton and Miller that he
Finally, defendant challenges the competency of evidence supporting the trial court’s conclusion of law stating “the arrest occurred [within the fatal funnel] based on the actions of the defendant, not of law enforcement.” Defendant characterizes this conclusion as a finding of fact. Assuming arguendo that this statement is a finding of fact, there was evidence presented at the suppression hearing that supported it. The evidence was that defendant refused to exit the residence while Burger repeatedly knocked on the door and announced his presence; that after a considerable amount of time, during which two additional deputies arrived, defendant flung the door open, “not just casually [or] slowly;” and that while defendant was not resisting arrest, he was not complying with the deputies’ instructions. We hold there was competent evidence to support the trial court’s finding of fact that defendant’s arrest occurred as it did because of defendant’s actions.
C. Protective Sweep
Defendant contends that the trial court’s findings of fact do not support its conclusion of law that Tipton and Miller had a reasonable . suspicion, based on articulable facts, that the residence may have harbored an individual posing a danger to the deputies and required a protective sweep.
“A ‘protective sweep’ is a quick and limited search of premises, incident to an arrest and conducted to protect the safety of police officers or others.” Maryland v. Buie, 494 U.S. 325, 327, 108 L. Ed. 2d 276, 281 (1990). These sweeps are “reasonable if there are ‘articulable facts which, taken together with the rational inferences from those facts, would warrant a reasonably prudent officer in believing that the area to be swept harbors an individual posing a danger to those on the arrest scene.’ ” State v. Bullin, 150 N.C. App. 631, 640, 564 S.E.2d 576, 583 (2002) (quoting Buie, 494 U.S. at 334, 108 L. Ed. 2d at 286). Because a protective sweep is aimed at protecting the officers, “[i]t is narrowly confined to a cursory visual inspection of those places in which a person might be hiding.” Buie, 494 U.S. at 327, 108 L. Ed. 2d at 281. The sweep must also “last no longer than is necessary to dispel the reasonable suspicion of danger and in any event no longer than it takes to complete the arrest and depart the premises.” State v. Wallace, 111 N.C. App. 581, 588, 433 S.E.2d 238, 242(1993).
In Wallace, we upheld the trial court’s conclusion that officers did not have reasonable and articulate suspicion to justify a protective
The facts of the instant case are distinguishable from those in Wallace. The deputies were attempting to serve an order for arrest. Defendant did not immediately respond to Burger and did not respond after ten to fifteen minutes of Burger knocking and announcing his presence. Burger heard shuffling on the other side of the door and he could not determine if it was caused by one or more persons. When Tipton and Miller arrived, they were briefed on the situation, showed the order for defendant’s arrest, and informed that Burger believed there to be weapons inside the residence. When the deputies approached the residence, “the front door flew open[,]” defendant stepped out, and walked down the front steps with his hands raised. “As soon as Burger had his hands on defendant,” the other two deputies entered the residence and performed a protective sweep, which lasted approximately thirty seconds. While Tipton and Miller’s concern that the open door at an unsecured residence was a “fatal funnel” by itself may not have been a sufficient basis for believing there was another individual in the residence that posed a threat, the trial court’s findings of fact reveal that there were additional factors present that provided a proper basis for the protective sweep. These include: defendant’s unusually long response time and resistance, the known potential threat of weapons inside the residence, shuffling noises that could have indicated more than one person inside the residence, defendant’s alarming exit from the residence, and defendant’s own actions that led him to be arrested in the open doorway. The trial court’s findings of fact indicate that Tipton and Miller acted immediately and responded as soon as Burger was in potential danger. Their sweep was of a very brief duration, and they only looked in places where a person might be hiding. The trial
The motion to suppress the evidence was properly denied. This argument is without merit.
AFFIRMED.
. We note that in the transcript of the suppression hearing Burger’s name is spelled as “Berger.” The trial court’s order denying defendant’s motion to suppress refers to Burger as “Burger.”
Case-law data current through December 31, 2025. Source: CourtListener bulk data.