after stating the facts. The record states that “the defendant moves to dismiss the action because he says that this is an action at law by one partner against his copartner, as appears upon the face of the pleadings. The Court being of opinion that the action cannot be maintained in this form dismissed the action.” The plaintiff appealed. It has been more than a generation since we abolished by constitutional provision (Article IY, sec. 1) “the distinctions between actions at law and suits in equity, and the forms of all such actions and suits,” and it is a recurrence to a procedure familiar only to the lawyers of a former generation to hold that an action “cannot be maintained in this form.” There are but two grounds now known to dismiss at this stage, i. e., either that the Court has no jurisdiction or that the complaint does not state a cause of action. We give the defendant the benefit of translating the ground of his motion into the latter objection, which is one “of substance and not of form,” that an action cannot be maintained by one partner against another for a partial accounting, but he must either sue for a complete settlement and winding up of the partnership matters, or to recover a balance struck and agreed upon between them.

Thus understood, this is a correct statement of the general *477 rule. 2 Lawson Eights & Eemedies, sec. 681, cited by defendant; but it has no application to this case, which comes within the exceptions stated in that section. This is not an action for a partial adjustment and statement of partnership dealings, but it is an action to recover damages because the defendant refused and failed to comply with his preliminary agreement and the terms upon which the partnership was to be formed; and if said partnership was formed, then for damages because the defendant failed to do and perform what he agreed to do before it was formed. An action “may be maintained by one partner against another' partner in the same firm, upon the expressed promise made before the commencement of the partnership in respect to advances to be made to constitute the capital of the company for the purpose of carrying on the partnership.” Currier v. Webster, 45 N. H., 226; Hill v. Palmer, 56 Wis., 123, 43 Am. Rep., 703; Smith v. Kemp, 92 Mich., 357; Bull v. Coe, 77 Cal., 54, 11 Am. St. Rep., 235; Ellison v. Chapman, 7 Blackf. (Ind.), 224; George on Partnership, pp. 320, 321. “A suit by a partner against his copartner upon a claim not founded on the plaintiff’s interest in the partnership assets, but arising from a direct violation of the articles of agreement of copartnership, need not be delayed for the taking of an account of the partnership.” George on Partnership, p. 322; and numerous cases cited in note 68.

The general rule that one partner cannot sue another except to wind up the business or to recover a balance due by the settlement, with some of the exceptions to that rule, is stated in Newby v. Harrell, 99 N. C., 149, 6 Am. St. Rep., 503. This case presents another exception.

A cause of action for the recovery of damages is stated in the complaint. “When one violates his contract he is liable for such damages as are caused by its breach, or such as being incidental to the act of omission or commission, as a natural *478 consequence thereof, as may reasonably be presumed to have been in tbe contemplation of tbe parties when tbe contract was made.” Spencer v. Hamilton, 113 N. C., 50, 37 Am. St. Rep., 611. “Where two parties have made a contract which one of them has broken, the damages which the other party ought to receive in respect of such breach of contract should be such as may fairly and reasonably be considered, either arising naturally, that is, according to the usual course of things, from such breach of contract itself, or such as may reasonably be supposed to have been in the contemplation of both parties at the time they made the contract, as the probable result of the breach of it.” Herring v. Armwood, 130 N. C., 180, 57 L. R. A., 958; Lumber Co. v. Iron Works, 130 N. C., 587; Mace v. Ramsey, 74 N. C., 11. The application of these principles to the facts of this case, as they may prove to be, is a matter for consideration upon the trial.

The judgment dismissing the action is

Reversed.