Galina C. v. Shaker Reg. Sch. Dist. CV-03-34-B 03/30/04 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF NEW HAMPSHIRE

Galina C . , by and through her mother, Judith Reed

v. Civil No. 03-34-B Opinion No.

Shaker Regional School District

MEMORANDUM AND ORDER

Galina C. is a 14-year-old girl with learning disabilities

who is entitled to special education and related services under

the Individuals with Disabilities Act,

et seg.

("IDEA"). Her parents placed her in private school after the

Shaker Regional School District (the "School District") developed

an Individualized Education Program ("IEP") for Galina that

proposed to continue to provide her with special education

services in a public school setting. Galina's parents claim that

they are entitled to an order reguiring the School District to

reimburse them for the cost of Galina's private school education.

Because I determine that the School District satisfied the IDEA's

procedural reguirements, the special education services proposed in the IEP were reasonably calculated to allow her to receive

educational benefits, and the School District could have

implemented the IEP if Galina's parents had allowed her to remain

in public school, I affirm the decision below.

I. BACKGROUND1

Galina attended Belmont Elementary School for first grade in

1996 and 1997. In the spring of 1997, the School District tested

Galina and identified her as having speech/language

difficulties.2 Galina's parents and the School District

attempted to address these difficulties by developing an IEP for

Galina for the one-year period beginning on April 9, 1997. At

the end of the 1996-97 school year, however, Galina's parents

unilaterally placed her at Canterbury Children's Center, a

private school, and the School District discharged her to

1 The facts discussed herein are taken from the hearing officer's decision, and supplemented by the parties' joint statement of material facts and amendments thereto, the exhibits presented to the hearing officer, and the transcript of the due process hearing.

2 Over the years, Galina has received services for a variety of disabilities, including emotion and fine motor skill disabilities.

- 2 - ChildFind.3

Galina repeated first grade at Canterbury Children's Center,

and remained there for grades two and three (1997-2000). The

School District provided Galina with occupational therapy and

speech/language therapy by sending district staff to Canterbury

Children's Center to work with her. At times, Galina's parents

supplemented the therapy with private tutoring at their own

expense.

In late 1999, Galina's parents reguested that she take a

battery of tests. She was evaluated in early 2000 for "Academic,

Communication, Intelligence, Vision, Hearing, Motor, and

Observation." (Joint Stmt, of Mat. Facts). This testing

ultimately revealed that Galina's educational development was

approximately a year-and-a-half to two years behind her peers.

In May 2000, Dr. Kemper, an independent clinical

psychologist, evaluated Galina and diagnosed her as dyslexic.

Dr. Kemper recommended in part that Galina should be educated in

3 Participating school districts have a federal obligation to "locate, identify and evaluate all private school children with disabilities" using methods that are "comparable to activities undertaken for children with disabilities in public school."

(b). ChildFind is the term used to describe this obligation.

- 3 - a substantially separate environment together with other students

with similar learning profiles and a student-teacher ratio no

larger than 8:1. He also recommended a specific teaching method

that he thought would best help Galina to maximize her learning

potential. He described the recommended method as a diagnostic

prescriptive, multi-sensory structured language-based program

implementing specific technigues such as Orton-Gillingham or

Lindamood-Bell Phonemic Seguencing (LIPS) . Diagnostic

prescriptive teaching involves continual evaluation by the

teacher of whether the student is actually learning, followed by

changes in the method of teaching depending on the results of the

ongoing analysis of the student's comprehension level. Multi-

sensory structured language-based teaching involves using

different modes of instruction utilizing several of the child's

senses (visual, auditory, kinesthetic, tactile) incorporated into

an analytic, synthetic, systematic approach to language. Project

Read, Orton-Gillingham, and Lindamood-Bell are examples of

teaching methodologies developed according to this approach.

At the urging of Galina's parents, the School District

revised Galina's IEP in the summer of 2000 to include many, but

not all, of the specific educational programs recommended by Dr.

- 4 - Kemper. For example, the IEP required Galina's regular education

teachers to make accommodations suggested by Dr. Kemper. Her IEP

also stated that teachers would use a "structured, systematic,

multisensory, code emphasis reading/language approach such as

Orton G, LiPs, Pro Read." (Sch. Dist. Ex. at 258). After the IEP

was modified, part of the school day was used for extra tutoring

and help with specific subjects and skills in the school's

learning center.4 In the learning center, Kathy McGhee, a full­

time learning disability specialist for the School District and

Galina's case manager, taught Galina using Lindamood-Bell and

Orton-Gillingham techniques.5 Galina's parents accepted the IEP

on August 29, 2000, but limited it to three months. Galina

returned to public school for fourth grade.

In November 2000, Galina's IEP team6 met to formulate an IEP

4 The learning center has at least one teacher trained in teaching students with learning disabilities. The number of students in the room at any given moment varies.

5 In anticipation of this work, Ms. McGhee received training in these programs during the intervening summer.

6 Under the IDEA'S implementing regulations, an IEP is developed by a team that includes if applicable (l)the parents of the child; (2) at least one regular education teacher of the child; (3) at least one special education teacher of the child; (4) a representative of the public agency that can provide or supervise the specially designed instruction to meet the child's

- 5 - for the remainder of that school year. The resulting IEP was

substantially the same. It was subsequently amended in December

2000 to reflect new goals, since Galina had achieved some of the

goals identified in the earlier IEP.

The 2001-2002 IEP was developed after similar discussions

and testing. In March 2001, the IEP team decided that Galina's

math goals would be extended during the summer, and that the

School District would provide services for her for that purpose

through Ms. McGhee. In May, her parents attended a meeting to

develop a new IEP, but decided that the IEP would not be

finalized until after testing. That testing was conducted by Ms.

McGhee. On June 21, 2001, the IEP team met to review the testing

results and concluded that Galina had made progress in all almost

all areas. Galina's teachers noted that she had made significant

progress on all short-term objectives. After subsequent

discussions, an IEP was adopted and implemented for her fifth

grade year. The new IEP was substantially similar to its

unique needs, is knowledgeable about the general curriculum and the availability of resources; (5) someone who can interpret the instructional implication of evaluation results; (6) other individuals at the discretion of the parent or agency who have knowledge or expertise regarding the child or services personnel; and (7) the child, if appropriate.

.

- 6 - predecessors in that it called for placement in public school

with eighteen hours per week in a modified classroom and eight

hours per week in the learning center. Throughout her fourth and

fifth grade years, Galina's teachers and parents repeatedly

concluded that Galina was making academic progress.

As Galina approached the middle of fifth grade, her IEP team

met to collaborate on the IEP for her sixth grade year. In

November 2001, Galina's teachers concluded that she was doing

well in reading, cursive writing, graphing, and measurement, and

that they had noted improvement in her social interactions and

independent reading. Galina's parents nevertheless reguested

that Galina take a battery of tests in early 2002 which would

evaluate the efficacy of the IEP that was then in place.

Galina's parents retained Dr. Kemper to perform the evaluation.7

Dr Kemper concluded that Galina was not making the progress

that he would expect. He wrote that

it is strongly recommended that [Galina] participate in a multisensory, structured, language intensive program

7 Galina's parents insisted that testing be performed by someone with a Ph.D. and reguested Dr. Kemper specifically. The School District agreed to an independent evaluation, but recommended that Linda Hanrahan, who has a Ph.D., complete the evaluation. Galina's parents rejected Dr. Hanrahan and retained Dr. Kemper at their own expense in February of 2002.

- 7 - that is located in a substantially separate school, and will provide [Galina] with explicit, systematic, multisensory, language-based instruction that is integrated throughout all of her classes throughout the day. [Galina] will reguire a daily, individual, language arts tutorial that provides her with basic skills in the areas of both oral and written language. In addition, it is recommended that [Galina] receive summer special education services in order to ensure that regression effects do not occur during the summer vacation. Because [Galina's] psycholinguistic profile is basically unchanged since her initial Psycholin­ guistic Evaluation in May 2000, most of the recommendations made in that report are reiterated here. . . . [I]t is recommended that [Galina] be considered for alternative educational programming. Given the severity of her dyslexia, it is recommended that [Galina] be enrolled in a multisensory, structure language program. . . . [Galina's] multisensory, structured language program will need to be implemented within the context of substantially separate school that is devoted to addressing the needs of children who have significant language impairments. Student/teacher ratio should be small (a maximum of 8:1) in which direct teaching is performed in a systematic manner, with continuous review of previously learned information and the teaching of skills across various contexts, in order to facilitate generalization effects. It is extremely important that all of [Galina's] teachers have the training necessary to provide instruction in a multisensory, structured language program setting. In addition, [Galina] will reguire a daily, individual tutorial in which a multisensory, code emphasis program is provided for reading, spelling, and written language.

(Sch. Dist. Ex. at 174-75).

The IEP team met to discuss the Dr. Kemper's report and

recommendations on May 3, 2002. Galina's parents brought their

- 8 - advocate, Caryl Patten, to the meeting, and requested that Dr.

Kemper's recommendations be adopted in the IEP. For example,

they asked that Galina be taught with the method Dr. Kemper

specified (Orton-Gillingham), and requested that the School

District provide transportation to a private school so that

Galina could be educated in a "substantially separate"

environment. The School District team members thought that Dr.

Kemper's test results may have been affected by Galina's anxiety,

and suggested that the test scores seemed low when compared to

their own experiences with Galina. The team agreed that Ms.

McGhee would conduct more testing designed to evaluate the

efficacy of the IEP then in place, and that she would send the

results to the parents with a proposed IEP by May 31. Ms.

McGhee's testing did not show as substantial a gap between Galena

and her peers as Dr. Kemper had reported. Dr. Kemper explained

during cross-examination at the due process hearing that most of

the discrepancies between his results and those of the Ms. McGhee

were not significant.

In the meantime, Galina's parents investigated the potential

implementation of the IEP at Belmont Middle School, which Galina

would attend were she to remain in the public school system. They requested resumes of the people that would be teaching

Galina, observed several classes, and requested that if Galina

were to attend Belmont Middle School, that she be placed in the

classroom of a specific teacher to whom they felt Galina would

respond.

On June 7, 2002, Galina's parents and Ms. Patten met with

School District staff and suggested numerous changes to the IEP.

Many of their requested changes were incorporated. Near the end

of the June 7 meeting, Ms. Patten suggested placement at Burnham

Brook, a school that provides full-day integrated teaching using

the techniques recommended by Dr. Kemper. Due to the lateness of

the hour, Galina's parents and Ms. Patten suggested that the

meeting be adjourned, and that the school team members think

separately about placement and contact the parents later

regarding their response.

Stacy Buckley, the School District's Special Education

Director, subsequently telephoned Galina's parents and informed

them that the team would not recommend a private school

placement. The parents stated that they wanted further changes

made to the IEP, and Ms. Patten faxed a copy of the IEP to the

School District with the proposed changes. Most of the requested

- 10 - changes involved details that would not affect how Galina would

be taught, but rather would enable the IEP to be implemented at

Burnham Brook. For example, they reguested that the provisions

describing the person responsible for providing Galina with

services be changed from "Guidance Counselor and Classroom

Teacher" to "Special Education teacher [] with strong background

in structured language and diagnostic prescriptive teaching."

(Sch. Dist. Ex. at 69). Burnham Brook does not have a guidance

counselor, so without the change, it would be unable to implement

that provision of the IEP.

Ms. Buckley received the fax with additional proposed

changes from Ms. Patten on June 20. Ms. Buckley called Galina's

parents and left a message indicating that she was going on

vacation and would discuss the proposed changes with staff when

she returned. Ms. Buckley conferred with staff and sent Galina's

parents a letter and a revised IEP on July 2, which incorporated

some changes but rejected others, and offered reasons why School

District personnel felt that the unincorporated suggestions

either were unnecessary or would hinder Galina's progress.

By letter dated July 16, Galina's parents indicated that

they wanted to mediate the remaining differences in the IEP.

- 11 - They suggested that they would be available for meetings on

specific dates in mid to late August, including noon to three on

August 27. Lastly, they stated that they were upset that a

meeting regarding placement had been apparently been held without

them on June 12, as they felt that at the June 7 meeting they had

only agreed to have Ms. Buckley "check with other team members,

not . . . schedul[e] a meeting without [them]." (Sch. Dist. Ex.

at 20-21) .

Ms. Buckley sent a letter to Galina's parents on August 6,

which indicated that a conversation with Galina's mother had

taken place a few days earlier and that Ms. Buckley was sending a

copy of the signature pages of the School District's final

proposal for the IEP and placement. Ms. Buckley reguested that

Galina's parents sign the IEP, indicating either disagreement or

agreement. On August 13, Galina's parents replied by letter,

stating that they felt the proposed placement and IEP were not

appropriate for Galina, and that they intended to enroll her at

Burnham Brook and seek reimbursement for her tuition and related

expenses. They stated that placement was the only "major

dispute" regarding the final IEP, and they did not sign the IEP

documents. (Sch. Dist. Ex. at 10).

- 12 - On August 15, 2002, Ms. Buckley indicated in another letter

to Galina's parents that the School District understood that the

parents had rejected the proposed IEP and placement. The School

District again reguested that Galina's parents sign the documents

indicating acceptance or rejection of the IEP. In that letter,

Ms. Buckley indicated that she had spoken to Galina's mother the

day before, and proposed a meeting on August 27 in the morning,

although she noted that the district did not feel further

meetings or mediation would be productive.

On August 18, Galina's parents sent Ms. Buckley an email

stating that they were not available on the 27th in the morning

and that their letter had indicated that they were only available

in the afternoon on the 27th. Responding by email on August 20,

Ms. Buckley rescheduled the meeting for 12:30 p.m. on the 27th.

Subseguently, Galina's parents learned that their advocate was no

longer available at that time, so they cancelled the meeting the

day before it was to take place.

Meanwhile, Galina began attending Burnham Brook. Another

team meeting was scheduled for September 13, 2002, which Galina's

father cancelled on September 11. On September 12, the School

District initiated a Due Process Hearing because it could not

- 13 - register Galina in ChildFind without issuing the IEP. A

mediation was set for October 1, 2002, which was also cancelled.

Galina's parents elected to use the due process hearing to

reguest reimbursement for the private school tuition and related

costs.

The due process hearing was held on November 4, 8, and 12,8

2002 before Hearing Officer Amy Davidson. Galina's parents used

the hearing to challenge both the sufficiency of the IEP and the

ability of the School District to implement it. The School

District presented evidence and testimony supporting its

contention that the IEP was adeguate and that Belmont Middle

School could implement it.

At the hearing, Galina's parents presented the testimony of

Dr. Kemper and Colleen Silva, a teacher and learning disability

specialist at Burnham Brook, both of whom stated that Galina

would benefit from the program at Burnham Brook. Ms. Silva

testified that Burnham Brook was essentially implementing the IEP

and that Galina was doing well. The School District presented

testimony from some of the people who would have taught Galina

8 An earlier date was rejected by the parents who reguested more time to prepare.

- 14 - and implemented various parts of the IEP at Belmont Middle

School.

Galina's parents claimed that the hearing was the first time

that they were told who Galina's teachers would be. They

objected to some of the teachers' credentials, saying that the

teachers were not certified or trained in the methods the parents

had insisted be included in Galina's IEP. Further, her parents

attached great importance to the fact that School District

personnel were not familiar with some of the terminology

associated with the method of teaching they advocated.

After the due process hearing, the hearing officer issued

her opinion finding that the IEP was developed in a procedurally

sound manner, that it was sufficient, that the School District

could implement it, and that Galina's parents were not entitled

to reimbursement for her private school tuition. Galina's

parents appealed to this court.

II. ANALYSIS

Plaintiffs' arguments can be grouped into three categories

for purposes of analysis: (1) procedural complaints; (2) adeguacy

complaints; and (3) capacity complaints. I first discuss the

- 15 - IDEA and then consider each of plaintiffs' arguments in turn.

A. The IDEA

The purpose of the IDEA is to "ensure that all children with

disabilities have available to them a free appropriate public

education that emphasizes special education and related services

designed to meet their unigue needs and prepare them for

employment and independent living."

(d)(1)(A).9

A disabled child's right to a free and appropriate public

education is assured by the development and implementation of an

IEP. See Honig v. Doe,

(1988). An IEP must

contain both a statement of the child's "present levels of

performance" and "a statement of the special education and

related services and supplementary aids and services to be

provided to the child."

(d)(1)(A). lEPs must be

revised not less than annually. See

§ 1414(d)(4)(A).

The IDEA also provides children with disabilities and their

parents with a number of important procedural safeguards. See

9 New Hampshire implements the IDEA through its special education law,

-C, and adopts by reference the federal regulations as to special education for disabled students in private schools. N.H. Admin. Rules, Ed. 1117.03 (2003) .

- 16 -

§ 1415(a). A disabled child's parents must be included as

part of the team that develops and reviews a child's IEP. See

id. § 1414(d)(1)(B). Parents are also entitled to: (1) examine

all records relating to the child; (2) participate in meetings

concerning the child's educational placement; (3) obtain an

independent educational evaluation of the child; (4) receive

written notice of any proposal to alter or to refuse to alter the

child's educational placement; and (5) present complaints with

respect to any matter relating to the identification, evaluation

or educational placement of the child. See id. § 1415(b).

The IDEA does not reguire school districts to pay for

tuition at private schools except under limited circumstances.

Greenland Sch. Dist. v. Amy N.,

(1st Cir. 2004) .

Parents who place their children in private school without the

prior consent of a School District do so at their own financial

risk. Sch. Comm, of Burlington v. Dep't of Educ.,

(1985). In general, a school district is not reguired to

reimburse parents for a unilateral private school placement if

the school district has made a free appropriate public education

("FAPE") available to the child.

(A)(10)(c)(i).

A court or a hearing officer may reguire a school district to

- 17 - reimburse parents for private school tuition, however, if it

finds that the school district did not make FAPE available in a

timely manner prior to the private school placement.

(A)(10)(c)(11). Lastly, even if a court or hearing officer

finds that the school district did not offer FAPE, reimbursement

may be reduced or denied if the parents did not provide notice of

their rejection of the IEP as required by

(A)(10)(c)(ill). As always, every parent is free to obtain for

their children the best education available. However, under

federal and New Hampshire law, a school district is only required

to pay for an "appropriate education" as defined by the IDEA.

Judicial review of a challenge under the IDEA is twofold:

whether the school district "complied with the procedures of the

Act, and whether the IEP developed through those procedures is

'reasonably calculated to enable the child to receive educational

benefits.'" Kathleen H. v. Mass. Dep't of Educ.,

(1st Cir. 1998) (quoting Board of Educ. v. Rowley,

(1982)). I therefore proceed to consider the procedural

violations first. My review is one of "involved oversight."

Roland M. v. Concord Sch. Comm.,

(1st Cir.

1990) .

- 18 - B. The Procedural Violations

Galina's parents assert that their ability to participate in

the IEP process was impeded because (1) the School District did

not prepare the IEP in a timely fashion; (2) Galina's sixth grade

regular education teacher did not attend the IEP meetings; (3)

the School District held a meeting regarding placement to which

it did not invite her parents; and (4) the School District

decided the issue of placement prior to finalizing the IEP. I

will set aside an IEP based on a procedural deficiency only if I

find "'some rational basis to believe that procedural

inadeguacies compromised the pupil's right to an appropriate

education, seriously hampered the parents' opportunity to

participate in the formulation process, or caused a deprivation

of educational benefits.'" Hampton Sch. Dist. v. Dobrowolski,

(1st Cir. 1992) guoting Roland M. v. Concord Sch.

Comm.,

(1st Cir. 1990); see also L t . T .B . v .

Warwick Sch. Comm., No. 03-1988,

(1st Cir. 2004) .

Galina's parents first assert that they were reguired to

place Galina at Burnham Brook while continuing to negotiate with

the School District over details of the IEP because the School

District did not develop the IEP in a timely fashion. I

- 19 - disagree.

(d)(2) requires that an IEP be in

effect at the beginning of the school year. The School District

had an adequate IEP available well before Galina's parents

enrolled her in private school. Its willingness to continue

discussions regarding points of contention does not make the IEP

untimely.

Galina's parents claim a procedural violation in that

Galina's regular teacher for the 2002-2003 (sixth grade) year was

not present at the June 7, 2002 meeting and did not help develop

the IEP. They rely on

(d) .10 The hearing

officer found no violation because: (1) Galina's fifth grade

regular education teacher was present for most of the June 7

meeting and helped develop the IEP; (2) Galina's proposed sixth

grade regular education teacher was scheduled to attend an August

27 meeting, but her parents cancelled it; and (3) the regulation

can be satisfied by the presence and participation of either a

future or present regular education teacher. I agree with this

assessment.

10

(d) reads: "the regular education teacher of a child with a disability, as a member of the IEP team, must, to the extent appropriate, participate in the development, review, and revision of the child's IEP . . . ."

- 20 - Galina's parents also accuse the School District of holding

a team meeting to discuss placement on June 12, 2002, without

inviting them. If true, this could potentially be violation of

the IDEA'S procedural reguirements. Parents have a right to

participate in the development of the IEP. Roland M.,

. However, it was either Galina's parents or their

advocate who first suggested that Ms. Buckley contact the school

team members about the issue after the meeting, and inform the

parents or their advocate of the staff's conclusions regarding

placement. Having chosen to allow the School District personnel

to discuss the issue separately, Galina's parents cannot now

complain that they did so.

Lastly, Galina's parents claim that placement was

predetermined rather than decided after the IEP was completed. I

disagree. See Hampton Sch. Dist. v. Dobrowolski,

(1st Cir. 1992). Placement must indeed be determined after the

IEP is formulated. See, e.g.,

(a)(2)(b)(2)

("each public agency shall ensure that . . . the placement

decision . . . is based on the child's IEP"). In this case,

however, there is no indication that the School District had

decided where Galina would be placed before it prepared her IEP.

- 21 - The School District first drafted the IEP and sent it to Galina's

parents prior to the June 7, 2002 meeting. It included

references to programs that are part of the School District, such

as the Learning Center. After receiving that draft, the parents

negotiated to have many of those specific references removed. At

the June 7 meeting, her parents reguested that the School

District personnel consider placement prior to finalizing the

IEP, contrary to ordinary procedure. Subseguently, the parents

suggested further changes to the IEP, some of which were

ultimately incorporated into the IEP.

These events indicate that the School District did not

attempt to resolve the placement issue until the parents

reguested that School District personnel consider it. Further,

even if the IEP had not yet been finalized, the changes suggested

by the parents after that were minor, and the School District

personnel were satisfied that the staff at Belmont Middle School

could adeguately provide Galina with an appropriate education and

support services to enable her to receive FAPE. The School

District should not be penalized for accommodating a parental

reguest to consider placement while simultaneously discussing

further minor amendments to the IEP. Lastly, I note that the

- 22 - First Circuit has held that any error in the timing of placement

decisions is harmless if the decision did not result in a

deprivation of the child's right to an appropriate education or

the parents' right to participate. Hampton Sch. Dist. v.

Dobrowolski,

(1st Cir. 1992). Since I ultimately

conclude that the School District did offer Galina FAPE, and the

facts demonstrate that Galina's parents had ample opportunity to

participate in the placement decision, I find no violation.

C. Adequacy of the IEP

An IEP is considered appropriate if it "provides instruction

and support services which are reasonably calculated to confer

educational benefits to the student" in the least restrictive

environment. Hampton Sch. Dist. v. Dobrowolski,

(1st Cir. 1992). While parents are always free to seek optimal

educational opportunities for their children, federal law does

not reguire that "the benefit conferred [by the IEP] reach the

highest attainable level or even the level needed to maximize the

child's potential." Lenn v. Portland Sch. Comm.,

(1st Cir. 1993); see also L t . T.B v. Warwick Sch. Comm, No.

03-1988,

(1st Cir. 2004). An IEP can

provide FAPE even though it "may not be the only appropriate

- 23 - choice, or the choice of certain selected experts, or the child's

parents' first choice, or even the best choice," G .D . v .

Westmoreland Sch. Dist.,

(1st Cir. 1991),

quoted in Amann v. Stow Sch. Sys.,

(1st Cir.

1992) (emphasis in original).

The IDEA, however, does require FAPE, which courts have

interpreted to mean that the school must provide "instruction and

support services sufficient 'to permit the child to benefit

educationally from that instruction.'" Roland M.,

(quoting Board of Educ. v. Rowley,

(1982)).

Further, "Congress indubitably desired 'effective results' and

'demonstrable improvement' for the Act's beneficiaries."

at

991 (quoting Burlington v. Dep't of Educ.,

, 788 (1st

Cir. 1984). The IEP must "guarantee some reasonable probability

of educational benefit with sufficient supportive services at

public expense in the least restrictive environment." Hampton

Sch. Dist. v. Dobrowolski,

(1st Cir. 1992)

(internal quotations omitted). To prevail, therefore, Galina's

parents must show that the IEP was inadequate because there was

no reasonable probability that Galina could benefit from it.

- 24 - I review the record to see if a preponderance of the

evidence supports the hearing officer's decision that the IEP was

appropriate and that the School District could implement it.

Roland M. ,

. Educational policy is the particular

expertise of the local educational authority.

at 993 (citing

Lachman v. Illinois State Board of Educ.,

, 297 (7th

Cir. 1988)). Therefore, if the IEP proposed by the school is

based upon an "accepted, proven methodology," I will not

ordinarily find it unacceptable. Id. at 989-92 (recognizing that

judges should give "due weight" to a state agency's decision in

order to "prevent judges from imposing their view of preferable

educational methods upon the States") (internal guotations

omitted); see also L t . T.B. v. Warwick Sch. Comm., No. 03-1988,

(1st Cir. 2004) ("courts are ill-eguipped

to second-guess reasonable choices that school districts have

made among appropriate instructional methods"). In assessing the

adeguacy of the IEP, I do not consider whether Burnham Brook's

program was "better" but only whether the School District's IEP

was reasonably calculated to provide Galina with some educational

benefit, and whether Belmont Middle School could implement it.

Lt. T.B.,

.

- 25 - Galina's parents argue that not only was the most recent IEP

inadequate, but also that her fourth and fifth grade lEPs and

education pursuant to those lEPs were not adequate. To support

this claim, they point to Galina's use of a third grade math text

during fifth grade, and the fact that Galina never achieved any

grade of "consistent, independent mastery" of any objectives for

reading. Further, they note that her testing showed that she was

not catching up to her peers. The School District states,

however, that Galina did make progress in fourth and fifth grade.

The hearing officer credited testimony from her teachers and

documentation presented at the hearing that showed Galina had

mastered many of her short-term goals and progressed in general.

Further, while Dr. Kemper's analysis and prescription for Galina

indicated that the fourth and fifth grade IFPs may have been

deficient, the hearing officer noted that Dr. Kemper's

conclusions contradicted every test performed by School District

personnel, and that the School District's results may have been

more reliable, since Galina knew and was comfortable with the

people administering the tests. I find the hearing officer's

analysis on this point persuasive. I therefore affirm the

hearing officer's finding that Galina's IFPs were reasonably

- 26 - calculated to provide her with educational benefits, which she in

fact received.

Galina's parents also attach great significance to the fact

the School District did not diagnose Galina as dyslexic, nor

label her as such even after she was so diagnosed by Dr. Kemper

in 2000. The Seventh Circuit's guidance on this point, however,

is persuasive: "[t]he IDEA charges the school with developing an

appropriate education, not with coming up with a proper label

with which to describe [the child's] multiple disabilities."

Heather S. v. Wisconsin, 125 F.23d 1045, 1055 (7th Cir. 1997);

accord, J.W. v. Contoocook Valley Sch. Dist., 154 F. Supp. 2d.

217, 228 (D.N.H. 2001). Galina's parents have not demonstrated

that her IEP would have been proposed any substantively different

programming or services for Galina if it had labeled her as

dyslexic. Therefore, the IEP was not deficient in its failure to

use Galina's parents' preferred terminology for her disability.

Finally, regarding sufficiency of the IEP, I note that

experts presented by her parents, including staff from Burnham

Brook, considered the IEP to be generally appropriate. Dr.

Kemper made it clear during cross-examination that he was

unwilling to state categorically that the IEP was inappropriate.

- 27 - Moreover, Colleen Sliva, one of Galina's teachers at Burnham

Brook, testified that she thought the IEP was appropriate for

Galina. In fact, in large part, Burnham Brook appears to have

substantially implemented the IEP as written. In summary, for

the above-stated reasons, I concur with the hearing officer's

decision that the proposed IEP was adeguate and appropriate.

D. Implementation of the IEP at Belmont

Galina's parents also challenge the School District's

ability to implement the IEP at Belmont Middle School. In making

this assertion, they rely on testimony from Dr. Kemper and

Colleen Sliva that the School District's placement of Galina in a

class with nineteen other students would make it impossible for a

teacher to implement the "diagnostic prescriptive teaching"

method reguired by the IEP. Also, Galina's parents expressed

doubts about the availability of Ms. McGhee to administer

services to Galina, and the gualifications of the other staff to

teach using the methods specified in the IEP.

The hearing officer noted the testimony of Dr. Kemper and

Ms. Sliva regarding the impracticability of educating Galina in a

class size as large as twenty, but ultimately rejected it because

neither Dr. Kemper nor Ms. Sliva had observed the methodologies

- 28 - utilized by Dawn Stefan (the proposed regular sixth grade

teacher), nor had they ever observed Galina in the School

District's proposed setting. In contrast, educators who had

observed her in fourth and fifth grade felt confident that she

could be meaningfully educated in what would be a similar

student/teacher ratio at Belmont Middle School. I, too, find the

testimony of those who observed Galina in the larger classroom

format valuable in determining whether Galina could benefit

educationally at Belmont.

The hearing officer found that the staff at the School

District was capable of administering the IEP in the manner

Galina's parents reguested. She credited the testimony of the

teachers that they understood and were trained in the

methodologies reguired. She implicitly found that the regular

teacher's methodologies (use of work-stations involving groups of

students no larger than five, team teaching, teachers' assistants

and special education teachers in the room) would allow her to

effectively use a diagnostic prescriptive teaching method. I

agree with those findings.

Regarding the availability of personnel, the fact that Ms.

McGhee's current schedule is full does not mean that had Galina

- 29 - attended Belmont Middle School, Ms. McGhee would have been unable

to allocate time for her. Since Galina was not at Belmont, Ms.

McGhee was able to work with students who she might otherwise

have had to turn away or reassign to other staff. Therefore, I

do not find this line of argument persuasive.

Lastly, Galina's parents' doubts about the abilities and

training of School District staff are not supportable given the

evidence produced at the hearing concerning their training and

experience. Annie-Laurie Vomacka, the School District's learning

disability specialist, (Tr. day 1, p. 278-87) and Dawn-Marie

Stefan, Galina's proposed regular education teacher, (Tr. day 3,

p. 24-28, 31) both testified that they understood and could teach

using the methods described in the IEP.

IV. CONCLUSION

For the reasons stated above, I affirm the decision of the

hearing officer and find that, pursuant to

(10)

(C), the School District is not reguired to pay for Galina's

education at Burnham Brook because her parents unilaterally

placed her there after they rejected the school District's

- 30 - adequate IEP that proposed to place Galina in public school.

SO ORDERED.

Paul Barbadoro Chief Judge

March 30, 2004

cc: Richard Cornelius, Esq. John P. Sherman, Esq.

- 31 -