UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF NEW HAMPSHIRE

Gloria Gean Fischer

v. Civil No. 13-cv-00463-PB Opinion No.

Carolyn Colvin, U.S. Social Security Administration, Acting Commissioner

MEMORANDUM AND ORDER

Gloria Gean Fischer seeks judicial review of a ruling by

the Commissioner of the Social Security Administration (“SSA”)

denying her application for Disability Insurance Benefits

(“DIB”). For the reasons I discuss below, I conclude that the

Administrative Law Judge (“ALJ”) erred by failing to consult a

medical advisor before determining that Fischer was not disabled

as of her date last insured. Thus, I vacate the Commissioner’s

decision and remand for further administrative proceedings.

I. BACKGROUND1

A. Relevant Medical and Other Documentary Evidence

Fischer was 41 years old when her insured status expired on

1 Sections A and B of the background section are taken substantially from the parties’ Joint Statement of Material Facts (Doc. No. 10). See L.R. 9.1(b). Minor stylistic and substantive changes have been made, and citations to the administrative transcript have been omitted. March 31, 1998, and she was 56 years old on June 28, 2013, when

the ALJ denied her claim. Fischer has a GED and she previously

worked as a hairdresser, a retail store owner, and an operator

of a small basket-making company.

1. Medical Evidence

On October 1, 1996, Fischer visited the Exeter Hospital

Pain Clinic complaining of increasingly severe left buttock and

left leg pain that began when she was injured after a fall in

June 1996. The pain was worse with standing or sitting, and it

woke her up at night. She also described transient paresthesias2

in L4-5 and S13 distributions. On examination, Fischer had full

range of motion in the lumbar spine,4 tenderness in the spinous

process in T2-T55 and at L4-5, and unusual paraspinal tenderness.

2 Paresthesia is an abnormal touch sensation, such as burning, prickling, or formication, often in the absence of an external stimulus. Dorland’s Illustrated Med. Dictionary (Dorland’s) 1404 (31st Ed. 2007). 3 The symbols L4 and L5 refer to two of the five vertebrae that comprise the lumbar vertebrae, which are the five vertebrae between the thoracic vertebrae and the sacrum, a wedge-shaped bone lodged between the two hip bones. Dorland’s, supra note 2, at 1362, 2079. The symbol S1 refers to one of the five fused sacral vertebrae that form the sacrum. Id. at 1362. 4 The lumbar spine is that portion of the spine comprising the lumbar vertebrae. Dorland’s, supra note 2, at 1774. 5 The symbols T2 and T5 refer to two of the twelve vertebrae that comprise the thoracic vertebrae, which are situated between the She had good flexion and extension of her lower extremities, and

she was able to toe and heel walk. Straight leg raise testing

was positive at 90 degrees on the right and left. An MRI showed

a bulge at L4-5. The attending physician diagnosed Fischer with

sciatica6 secondary to lumbar strain and administered an epidural

steroid injection.7 On January 6, 1998, Fischer underwent an MRI

of her cervical spine to assess neck pain that was radiating to

her left shoulder. The MRI was normal.

Fischer’s insured status expired on March 31, 1998.

In October 1998, Fischer underwent an X-ray of her left hip

and pelvis to rule out a bone abnormality or sacroilitis.8 That

lumbar and cervical vertebrae, giving attachment to the ribs and forming part of the posterior wall of the thorax. They are designated by the symbols T1 through T12. Dorland’s, supra note 2, at 2079. 6 Sciatica is a syndrome characterized by pain radiating from the back into the buttock and into the lower extremity along its posterior or lateral aspect, and most commonly caused by protrusion of a low lumbar intervertebral disk; the term is also used to refer to pain anywhere along the course of the sciatic nerve. Dorland’s, supra note 2, at 1703. 7 “Epidural” means situated upon or outside the dura mater, which is the outermost, toughest, and most fibrous of the three membranes covering the brain and spinal cord. Dorland’s, supra note 2, at 580, 639. 8 Sacroiliitis is inflammation in the sacroiliac joint, which is located between the sacrum (the triangular bone just below the 3 study was also normal.

On March 31, 2004, Fischer visited Dr. Frank Graf,

complaining of poor results from epidural blocks. 9 On

examination, Fischer exhibited marked sensitivity in the sciatic

notch on her left side, and she also had pain on passive range

of motion of the hip joints. Dr. Graf noted that her X-rays and

MRIs did not indicate any hip joint problem or sacroiliac joint

problem, and her MRI of the lumbar spine suggested some

degenerative disc changes with annular bulge but no disc

herniation. 10 He recommended a pelvic examination with her

internist, Dr. Braese, and an appointment with a physical

therapist.

On May 27, 2004, Fischer underwent a physical therapy

evaluation for a questionable diagnosis of piriformis syndrome11.

lumbar vertebrae) and ilium (the expansive superior portion of the hip bone). Dorland’s, supra note 2, at 1362, 1687. 9 An epidural block is regional anesthesia produced by injection of the anesthetic agent into the epidural space. Dorland’s, supra note 2, at 230. 10 Herniation is the abnormal protrusion of an organ or other body structure through a defect or natural opening in a covering, membrane, muscle, or bone. Dorland’s, supra note 2, at 862. 11 Piriformis syndrome is compression of the sciatic nerve by the piriformis muscle, causing pain. The Merck Manual 2635 (18th 4 Under the History section of the report, it was noted that

Fischer had fallen off of a ladder seven years earlier onto her

left hip with a twisting motion as she fell, and she had

experienced problems with her left buttock and leg ever since.

She had been treated with physical therapy, which did not help a

great deal. Fischer complained that over the preceding few days

she felt a constant pain in the left buttock and down into the

lateral aspect of the leg, which she rated at a 7 on a scale of

0-10. While attempting to work out the pain, she had also been

experiencing numbness and tingling in her left arm. She also

noted that she began taking Ambien during the past week because

the pain was making it difficult for her to sleep. The

therapist administered a number of specific low back tests,

including a piriformis test that yielded a “markedly positive”

result on her left side and a straight leg raise that was

positive for left lower back burning.

On August 14, 2004, Fischer underwent an MRI of the lumbar

spine to evaluate complaints of left flank pain that radiated to

the left leg. Fischer then underwent a second MRI of the lumbar

spine on December 15, 2005.

Ed. 2006). 5 On December 7, 2006, Fischer underwent an operation to

implant a dual Octrode lead for a spinal cord stimulation trial.

On September 4, 2009, Fischer’s treating primary care

physician, Dr. Braese, noted that Fischer reported to him that

she had two jobs and was happy and active.

In 2010, Fischer began to regularly visit the Rye

Interventional Spine Medicine seeking treatment for her back,

leg, and foot pain. At these visits, Fischer would usually

complain of a persistent pattern and history of back and left-

sided leg and foot pain that had originated around 1995 and

1996. For example, during her April 20, 2011 visit, Fischer

complained of low back pain that had been occurring in a

persistent pattern for 15 years without change. She described

the pain as a moderate to severe dull aching in the lower back,

left flank area, left buttock, and left dorsal foot. The pain,

Fischer said, radiated to the lateral aspect of her left leg and

left foot. The back pain was aggravated by sitting.

Additionally, the Rye Interventional Spine Medicine report

dated August 27, 2012 states:

The onset of low back pain has been sudden and has been occurring in a persistent pattern for 16 years. The course has been decreasing (since she has retired). The low back pain is described as a mild to moderate dull aching. The 6 low back pain is described as being located in the lower back (left side), left buttock, left upper buttock, left calf and left dorsal foot. The pain radiates to the lateral aspect of left leg (aching) and left foot. The back pain is aggravated by bending, twisting, lifting and sitting (prolonged). The back pain is relieved by bed rest (with leg up) and medication. The symptoms have been associated with back stiffness, hip pain and leg weakness. The low back pain was preceded by trauma . . . [t]he pain interferes with driving, sweeping, gardening, vacuuming and leisure activities.

In August 2011, Fischer described her low back pain to

Physician’s Assistant Ruth Berger as a mild to moderate dull

aching. Although the pain had been occurring in a persistent

pattern for years, Fischer said, it had been gradually

improving.

Fischer visited Ruth Berger again on June 28, 2012. She

reported that her pain was aggravated by prolonged sitting and

ascending stairs. When she stood on her right leg for a few

minutes, it relieved the pain in her left leg.

In August 2012, Fischer again visited Ruth Berger and

described her low back pain as a mild to moderate dull aching.

It had been decreasing since she retired. Fischer wanted to

discuss removal of her spinal cord stimulation system because

she believed that her pain was controlled with changes in

activities and medication management.

7 On February 13, 2013, Fischer told Physician’s Assistant

Donna Flynn that her low back pain had been occurring in a

persistent pattern for 16 years. She described the pain as a

mild to moderate dull aching. She also reported that her

medications were working well to relieve her pain.

On April 25, 2013, Dr. Braese drafted a letter stating that

Fischer had reached maximum medical improvement, that she could

barely stand or walk, and that she could do so for no more than

two hours at a time. Dr. Braese also wrote that Fischer had

sensory loss, muscle weakness, and positive straight leg raising

test. She also wrote that Fischer could not be very mobile most

of the time and that Fischer was unable to lift or work. Dr.

Braese’s opinion did not address the extent of Fischer’s

conditions and limitations at any point in the past, including

prior to Fischer’s date last insured.

2. State Agency Opinions

On September 17, 2012, state agency reviewing physician

Jonathan Jaffe, MD, reviewed the record and opined that there

was insufficient evidence to support an onset date during the

period between October 31, 1995, and March 31, 1998.

8 3. Fischer’s Testimony

Fischer testified at a hearing before Administrative Law

Judge (ALJ) Daniel J. Driscoll on May 16, 2013. She was 55

years old on the day of the hearing, and she had stopped working

in January 2011. She had previously been working part-time a

couple of days per week as a hair stylist. In 1985, Fischer

claimed, she had been injured in a car accident. She had then

begun to run a lingerie business, and while working at the

business, she fell from an eight-foot ladder onto a concrete

floor, injuring her left side.12 Fischer was unsure about the

date of her injury – she thought it could have been around

November 1995. She explained that she owned her lingerie shop

from 1994 until 2003. She closed the store in 2003 because she

could no longer give it her all. She would go in and lay in the

backroom to relieve pain, and the store started to fail because

12 Fischer also referred in her testimony to a 1985 car accident that, she claimed, left her “paralyzed from [her] whole left side.” Tr. at 16, 32-33. She also testified that after the accident, but before her fall from the ladder, she “got better, a little bit.” Tr. at 33. The record, however, appears to contain no other reference to any paralysis that Fischer may have sustained from the 1985 accident. Although Fischer testified that her fall from the ladder “re-injur[ed]” her left side, (Tr. at 16), her claim for disability stems from her fall from the ladder, not from the 1985 car accident or any resulting paralysis. 9 she could not be there. She said her daughter helped her to

keep the business going, and she had to hire a couple of people

as well. Fischer stated that the business did well for

approximately seven years, when she could no longer be there.

She was somewhat confused by her earnings record and explained

that her former accountant had gone to prison for tax fraud; she

thought it was odd that there were several years for which was

nothing reported for her. Fischer stated that she was making

approximately $40,000 per year from her shop until she had the

spinal implant. She estimated that she basically did all of the

work for her business for approximately three years, until her

fall. She was not sure if she started the business in 1994; she

was confident that she closed the store in 2003, and calculated

the date she started the business by going back seven years,

because she had the business for seven years. After she fell

from the ladder, she closed the store for three days and then

made arrangements for her daughter to come in and take over.

Afterward, she never again participated in the business full-

time. Fischer stated that after the fall from the ladder, she

worked at the store approximately three days per week, and when

she was there, she spent most of the time in the back room lying

10 down. If she needed to stand up while at the store, she could

only stand on her right leg due to her left-sided pain.

Fischer stated that after she closed her store, she went

through surgery to have her spinal cord stimulant implanted, and

for two years she recuperated from the surgery. She started

doing light work putting together gift baskets, but she found

that the bending and lifting was too much, and she was not able

to make a living doing it. She also tried to work part-time as

a hair stylist. She could no longer work because she now spent

most of her time in bed. She woke up in the morning, did a

little bit, then went back to lie down with a heating pad. She

then got up and tried to do a bit more before returning to a

lying rest position. She testified “most of my day is up and

down, up and down.” Her husband does most of the shopping, she

said, and she needs to lie down in the back of the car if she is

traveling for more than an hour. She said that her condition

was deteriorating. Fischer denied side effects from her

medication and stated that they helped her get up. She does do

some light cooking, she said, but usually does not wash dishes

because they are too heavy; climbing stairs is also difficult.

Fischer stated that after sitting for more than ten minutes

11 during the hearing, she felt sick to her stomach and her leg was

numb. During a typical day, she spends approximately two hours

sitting in a chair, and then two hours lying in a bed, before

repeating the cycle. Fischer stated that her back pain was

worse now than it had been in 1997.

A vocational expert also testified at the hearing. In

response to the ALJ’s questions, the vocational expert testified

that a hypothetical individual with Fischer’s age, education,

and work experience, who could perform work at the light

exertional level, with occasional postural limitations and a

need to alternate between sitting and standing, along with

additional limitations, could not perform her past relevant work

because she required alternate sitting and standing and her past

relevant work all involved a lot of standing. The vocational

expert also testified that no job would be available to someone

who needed an option to lie down when needed. In addition, in

response to one of the ALJ’s hypotheticals, although the

vocational expert testified that some jobs may be available,

there was no testimony or other evidence offered that those jobs

would have been available during the time period at issue, from

1995 to 1998.

12 4. The ALJ’s Decision

On June 28, 2013, the ALJ issued a decision denying

Fischer’s claim for DIB benefits. At step one, the ALJ found

that Fischer had not engaged in substantial gainful activity

between her alleged onset date of October 31, 1995 and her date

last insured of March 31, 1998.13 The ALJ explained that there

was insufficient evidence to determine her actual income or

whether this income represented substantial gainful activity.

The ALJ thus proceeded to step two, where he concluded that

Fischer did not have an impairment or combination of impairments

that significantly limited her ability to perform basic work-

related activities for at least 12 consecutive months prior to

the date her insured status expired on March 31, 1998.

Accordingly, the ALJ found that Fischer was not disabled.

13 Fischer’s earnings history both before and after her date last insured remains unclear from the record. Some evidence suggests that Fischer's earnings reports to Social Security did not reflect her actual earnings while she owned her shop, and Fischer mentioned that her tax accountant may have caused some of this confusion. See Tr. at 18-30. In any event, neither party now disputes that March 31, 1998 marks Fischer’s date last insured, and the DIB Insured Status Reports included in the record confirm that this is the correct date. See, e.g., Tr. at 157-59. 13 II. STANDARD OF REVIEW

Under

(g), I am authorized to review the

pleadings submitted by the parties and the administrative record

and enter a judgment affirming, modifying, or reversing the

“final decision” of the Commissioner. My review “is limited to

determining whether the ALJ used the proper legal standards and

found facts [based] upon the proper quantum of evidence.” Ward

v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec.,

(1st Cir. 2000).

Findings of fact made by the ALJ are accorded deference as

long as they are supported by substantial evidence.

Substantial evidence to support factual findings exists “‘if a

reasonable mind, reviewing the evidence in the record as a

whole, could accept it as adequate to support his conclusion.’”

Irlanda Ortiz v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs.,

(1st Cir. 1991) (per curiam) (quoting Rodriguez v. Sec’y of

Health & Human Servs.,

(1st Cir. 1981)). If

the substantial evidence standard is met, factual findings are

conclusive even if the record “arguably could support a

different conclusion.” Id. at 770. Findings are not

conclusive, however, if they are derived by “ignoring evidence,

misapplying the law, or judging matters entrusted to experts.”

14 Nguyen v. Chater,

(1st Cir. 1999) (per curiam).

The ALJ is responsible for determining issues of credibility and

for drawing inferences from evidence in the record. Irlanda

Ortiz,

. It is the role of the ALJ, not the

court, to resolve conflicts in the evidence.

III. ANALYSIS

The ALJ denied Fischer’s claim at step two of his analysis

by concluding that Fischer’s medically determinable impairment,

sciatica, had not become severe as of Fischer’s date last

insured. Tr. at 61. The ALJ therefore determined that Fischer

was not entitled to benefits because she was not disabled as of

her date last insured. Tr. at 63. The question raised by this

appeal is whether Social Security Ruling (“SSR”) 83-20 required

the ALJ to consult with a medical advisor before reaching that

conclusion.14 The Commissioner argues that the ALJ did not have

14 Although Fischer did not address the SSR 83-20 issue in her brief, the Commissioner briefed the issue in detail. See Doc. No. 9-1 at 10-16. Despite her own decision to brief the SSR 83- 20 issue, the Commissioner argues that I should decline to address it because Fischer waived the argument by not briefing it. See

at 3 n. 2. The cases that the Commissioner cites, however, do not support that position. Higgins v. New Balance Athletic Shoe, Inc. establishes only that a litigant may not raise an argument for the first time on appeal if the litigant 15 to do so for two reasons: first, because SSR 83-20 requires

consultation with a medical advisor only if the ALJ makes an

express finding of present disability; and second, because there

was insufficient evidence in the record to support any inference

that Fischer was disabled as of her date last insured. See Doc.

No. 9-1. For the reasons I discuss below, I reject both

arguments.

A. Applicability of SSR 83-20

The Commissioner maintains, as she has in the past, that

SSR 83-20 should apply only when the ALJ has made an express

finding of present disability. See Doc. No. 9-1 at 10-16. To

support her position, the Commissioner submitted a brief that is

nearly identical to her submission in Wilson v. Colvin, a case

did not raise the issue below. See

(1st Cir. 1999). That principle does not apply here, however, because the Commissioner has raised the SSR 83-20 issue. Although it is true that “[t]he district court is free to disregard arguments that are not adequately developed,” the Commissioner herself chose to “adequately develop[]” the SSR 83-20 issue by briefing it. See

. Thus, nothing precludes me from deciding an issue where, as here, the party that the issue disfavors elects to brief it. Cf. U.S. Nat’l Bank of Or. v. Indep. Ins. Agents of Am., Inc.,

(1993) (circuit court permissibly addressed question not raised by parties after receiving briefing on that question); United States v. Cotterman,

(9th Cir. 2013) (court “may consider an issue that has not been adequately raised on appeal if such a failure will not prejudice the opposing party”).

16 involving the same legal question that I decided in May 2014.

See Wilson v. Colvin, --- F. Supp. 2d ---,

;

The Commissioner has offered no new arguments that might

persuade me to modify my analysis in Wilson. Because I already

addressed the same arguments in Wilson, I need not repeat my

analysis here. See Wilson,

. Thus, as my

colleagues on this Court and I have consistently done before, I

proceed on the premise that SSR 83-20 ordinarily requires the

ALJ to consult a medical advisor before concluding that a

claimant was not disabled as of her date last insured.15 See,

e.g., id. at 32-34; Rossiter v. Astrue,

(Laplante, J.); Moriarty v. Astrue,

(McAuliffe, J.); Ryan v. Astrue,

.

B. Ambiguity in the Record

Even if SSR 83-20 ordinarily requires consultation with a

15 As I explained in Wilson, this general rule does not apply if either (1) the ALJ expressly determines that the claimant is either not presently disabled or has not been disabled at any point through the date of decision, or (2) if the evidence unambiguously establishes that the claimant was not disabled as of her date last insured. See Wilson,

. The ALJ below made no express finding regarding present disability, however, and as I discuss in Part B of this section, the record does not unambiguously establish that Fischer was not disabled as of her date last insured.

17 medical advisor before determining that a claimant was not

disabled as of her date last insured, the Commissioner further

argues, the ALJ was not required to do so here because “there

was not enough evidence to support the inference of an onset

date”. See Doc. No. 9-1 at 15-16. I disagree.

It is true that an ALJ need not consult a medical advisor

if the record provides unambiguous evidence that the claimant

did not become disabled as of the date last insured. See May v.

Soc. Sec. Admin. Comm’r, No. 97-1367,

, at *1-2

(1st Cir. Oct. 7, 1997); Bailey v. Chater,

(4th Cir.

1995) (ALJ must consult medical advisor “in all but the most

plain cases”); Reid v. Chater,

(10th Cir.

1995); Wilson,

, 24. This standard, however,

permits the ALJ to decline consultation with a medical advisor

only if “no legitimate basis [in the record] can support an

inference of disability” as of the date last insured. Mason v.

Apfel,

(D. Mass. 1998); see, e.g., Mills

v. Astrue,

(Laplante, J.) (consultation not

required where, aside from one isolated complaint shortly after

date last insured, more than four years had passed after date

last insured before earliest complaints of impairment). If such

18 a basis exists, only a medical advisor’s expertise can provide

the “legitimate medical basis” that SSR 83-20 requires to rebut

it. SSR 83-20,

, at *3.

Thus, even a record that furnishes only weak support for a

claim remains ambiguous, and therefore requires consultation

with a medical advisor, if it could support any legitimate

inference of disability prior to the date last insured. In

Rossiter v. Astrue, for instance, only sparse evidence existed

that documented the claimant’s degenerative condition prior to

the date last insured.

. Moreover, the

claimant’s treatment record subsequent to the date last insured

suggested that the claimant had at times experienced significant

improvement in her condition. Id. at 15-16. Nevertheless, this

Court concluded that the claimant’s treatment records

contemporaneous with the date last insured, combined with

evidence of deterioration in the claimant’s condition subsequent

to the date last insured, established sufficient ambiguity in

the record to require consultation with a medical advisor. Id.

at 18-20; see also Blea v. Barnhart,

(10th

Cir. 2006) (finding ambiguity in record after concluding that

evidence did not necessarily establish that claimant had not

19 become disabled by date last insured).

Applying this standard to the record here, I cannot

conclude that the record unambiguously establishes that Fischer

was not disabled as of her date last insured. Fischer sought

medical treatment for severe left buttock and left leg pain as

early as October 1996, well before her disability insurance

expired in March 1998. Doc. No. 10 at 2. At that visit, her

treating physician diagnosed Fischer with sciatica and

prescribed an epidural steroid injection.

During the

hearing before the ALJ, Fischer testified that her work schedule

changed “dramatically” after her fall. Tr. at 40. On some

days, she claimed, she was unable to open the store, and on

other days she would “lay down in between [] clients.” Tr. at

40-41. Fischer continued to complain of worsening leg and

buttock pain in 2004, and more frequently beginning in 2010.

Doc. No. 10 at 3-6. In 2013, Fischer’s primary care physician

concluded that Fischer suffered from “neuropathic pain . . . of

the left leg” and had “reached maximum medical improvement.”

Tr. at 758. At that point, the physician observed, Fischer

could “barely stand or walk” and could neither work nor lift.

20 Thus, this record suggests that Fischer’s medically

determinable impairment, sciatica, originated before her date

last insured and became progressively more severe through 2013.

Although significant gaps exist in Fischer’s treatment record

and certain evidence, including some of Fischer’s own

statements, could undermine her claim, this record provides

enough evidence to support a reasonable inference that Fischer’s

sciatica had become severe by her date last insured.16 See

Rossiter,

; see also Blea,

(gap in medical treatment insufficient to render record

unambiguous under SSR 83-20); Moriarty,

(delay

of two years following date last insured before first complaint

of impairment insufficient to render record unambiguous under

16 A state agency opinion included in the record documents the conclusion of Dr. Jonathan Jaffe, a non-treating physician, that there was insufficient evidence to conclude that Fischer had become disabled by her date last insured. Tr. at 51-52. The physician provided his opinion during the initial stage of Fischer’s claim on September 17, 2012, nearly eight months prior to Fischer’s hearing before the ALJ and without the benefit of Fischer’s testimony. Tr. at 51-52. The Commissioner has not argued that Dr. Jaffe’s opinion either satisfies SSR 83-20 or independently renders the record unambiguous, and the ALJ’s decision makes no mention of the opinion. Indeed, the ALJ departed from Dr. Jaffe’s opinion by determining that Fischer had a medically determinable impairment, sciatica, that arose prior to her date last insured even though Dr. Jaffee concluded that Fischer did not have any medically determinable impairments at that time. Tr. at 52, 61. 21 SSR 83-20).

Regardless of the strength or weakness of Fischer’s claim,

therefore, the ALJ’s failure to consult a medical advisor before

denying Fishcer’s claim was an error of law that requires

remand. See Wilson,

. If substantial evidence

in the record ultimately persuades the ALJ to conclude

otherwise, he remains free to do so without reaching a finding

regarding Fischer’s present disability – but, under SSR 83-20

and on this ambiguous record, he must first consult a medical

advisor. See Grebenick v. Chater,

(8th

Cir. 1997) (“[T]he issue of whether a medical advisor is

required under SSR 83-20 does not turn on whether the ALJ could

reasonably have determined that [the claimant] was not disabled

before [her last insured date].”); Ryan,

.

IV. CONCLUSION

For these reasons, I conclude that the ALJ made legal error

under SSR 83-20 by failing to consult a medical advisor before

determining that Fischer had not become disabled by her date

last insured. Thus, I deny the Commissioner’s motion to affirm

(Doc. No. 9) and grant Fischer’s motion to reverse or remand

22 (Doc. No. 8). Pursuant to sentence four of

(g),

I remand the case to the Social Security Administration for

further proceedings consistent with this decision.17

SO ORDERED.

/s/Paul Barbadoro Paul Barbadoro United States District Judge

October 30, 2014

cc: Christine Woodman Casa, Esq. T. David Plourde, Esq.

17 Fischer offered other arguments in favor of remand. See Doc. No. 8-1. Because I grant remand on the basis of the ALJ’s legal error under SSR 83-20, however, I need not reach Fischer’s other arguments. 23