UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT DISTRICT OF NEW HAMPSHIRE

Presby Patent Trust

v. Civil No. 14-cv-542-JL Opinion No.

Infiltrator Systems, Inc.

MEMORANDUM ORDER

This case involves personal jurisdiction in the area of

patent infringement, and specifically whether this court has

either general or personal jurisdiction over defendant

Infiltrator Systems, Inc. The plaintiff in this action, Presby

Patent Trust, alleges that Infiltrator directly and indirectly

infringes one or more claims of

. The

‘094 patent issued on August 26, 2014, and claims a method of

processing effluent, such as in a septic system. Presby alleges

that Infiltrator directly infringes the ‘094 patent by making,

using, importing, selling, and/or offering to sell Infiltrator’s

Advanced Treatment Leachfield (“ATL”) in-ground septic system,

and indirectly infringes the ‘094 patent by inducing others to do

so and by contributing to the infringement of the ‘094 patent by

others. This court has subject-matter jurisdiction under

(federal question) and 1338(a) (patents).

Infiltrator, which is incorporated and has its principal

place of business in Connecticut, moves to dismiss for lack of

personal jurisdiction and improper venue. See Fed. R. Civ. P.12(b)(2), (3). After oral argument, the court grants the

defendant’s motion to dismiss. Infiltrator’s contacts with New

Hampshire are insufficient for this court to exercise personal

jurisdiction over it in this action.

I. Applicable Legal Standard

“Personal jurisdiction implicates the power of a court over

a defendant . . . . [B]oth its source and its outer limits are

defined exclusively by the Constitution,” namely, the due process

clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. Foster–Miller, Inc. v.

Babcock & Wilcox Can.,

, 143–44 (1st Cir. 1995)

(citing Ins. Corp. of Ir., Ltd. v. Compagnie des Bauxites de

Guinee,

(1982)); U.S. Const. Am. XIV. Whether

a district court has personal jurisdiction over a defendant is a

two-step inquiry: first, the long-arm statute of the forum state

must provide for jurisdiction over the defendant and second, if

it does, the court’s exercise of that jurisdiction must comport

with due process.1 Grober v. Mako Prods. Inc.,

(Fed. Cir. 2012). Where, as here, the applicable long-arm

statute and federal due process limitations are coextensive, “the

1 As the parties expressly agreed at oral argument, because personal jurisdiction in a patent case is “intimately involved with the substance of patent law,” the law of the Federal Circuit governs this inquiry. Grober,

(Fed. Cir. 2012) (internal quotations omitted).

2 state limitation collapses into the due process requirement” and

the two inquiries “coalesce into one.” Trintec Indus., Inc. v.

Pedre Promotional Prods., Inc.,

(Fed. Cir.

2005); see also Phillips Exeter Acad. v. Howard Phillips Fund,

(1st Cir. 1999) (“New Hampshire's long-arm

statute reaches to the full extent that the Constitution

allows.”).

Due process requires that a defendant must have sufficient

“minimum contacts” with the forum in question “such that the

maintenance of the suit does not offend traditional notions of

fair play and substantial justice.” Int’l Shoe Co. v.

Washington,

(1945) (internal quotations

omitted). Consistent with the requirements of due process, a

court may exercise one of two categories of personal

jurisdiction: general and specific. General jurisdiction exists

when “the corporation's affiliations with the State in which suit

is brought are so constant and pervasive ‘as to render [it]

essentially at home in the forum State.’” Daimler AG v. Bauman,

(2014) (quoting Goodyear Dunlop Tires

Operations, S.A. v. Brown,

(2011)).

Specific jurisdiction, on the other hand, “is confined to

adjudication of issues deriving from, or connected with, the very

controversy that establishes jurisdiction.” Goodyear,

3 at 2851 (internal quotations omitted). Infiltrator argues that

this court may exercise neither specific nor general jurisdiction

in this case.

Presby bears the burden of showing that Infiltrator has

sufficient “minimum contacts” with New Hampshire to satisfy the

requirements of due process. Where, as here, “the district

court’s disposition of the personal jurisdictional question is

based on affidavits and other written materials in the absence of

an evidentiary hearing, a plaintiff need only to make a prima

facie showing that defendants are subject to personal

jurisdiction.” Elecs. for Imaging, Inc. v. Coyle,

(Fed. Cir. 2003). The plaintiff is not limited to its

allegations in the complaint and may make this showing through

affidavits attached to its opposition.2 In determining whether a

plaintiff has made a prima facie showing of personal

jurisdiction, the court “accept[s] the uncontroverted allegations

2 A court considering a motion to dismiss on personal jurisdiction grounds may properly consider documents attached to an opposition, even if they contain hearsay, so long as that evidence “bears circumstantial indicia of reliability.” Akro Corp. v. Luker,

(Fed. Cir. 1995); see also Beverly Hills Fan Co. v. Royal Sovereign Corp.,

(Fed. Cir. 1994). At oral argument, counsel for Infiltrator confirmed that it does not dispute the accuracy of the exhibits attached to Presby’s opposition for purposes of this motion and argues only that those exhibits should not be considered because they contain hearsay. Because these documents appear to be reliable, the court sees no reason to disregard them.

4 in the plaintiff’s complaint as true and resolve[s] any factual

conflicts in the affidavits in the plaintiff’s favor.”

II. Background

The relevant facts, construed in the light most favorable to

Presby, are as follows. Infiltrator makes and sells septic

systems, including the ATL system that Presby accuses of

infringing the ‘094 patent. Though incorporated and with its

principal place of business in Connecticut--where its president

maintains an office--Infiltrator is present in New Hampshire. It

sells septic systems in New Hampshire through its New Hampshire-

based sales representative, resellers, and distributors; obtains

approvals for its septic systems to be installed in New Hampshire

through the New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services;

provides New Hampshire-specific installation instructions to its

customers; exhibits its products at trade shows in New Hampshire;

hosts educational seminars about its septic systems in New

Hampshire; and is an “affiliate member” of a New Hampshire-based

trade association.

Despite Infiltrator’s several contacts with the state, at

oral argument, Presby conceded that Infiltrator had neither

marketed nor sold the accused ATL System in New Hampshire at the

time Presby filed its complaint, and that Infiltrator only sells

non-infringing systems in New Hampshire at this time. Nor has

5 Infiltrator appointed an agent for service of process in New

Hampshire.

III. Analysis

A. Specific Jurisdiction

Whether a district court has specific jurisdiction over a

defendant in a patent case “entails a three-part test: (1)

whether the defendant purposefully directs activities at the

forum's residents; (2) whether the claim arises out of or relates

to those activities; and (3) whether assertion of personal

jurisdiction is reasonable and fair.” AFT-TG, LLC v. Nuvoton

Tech. Corp.,

(Fed. Cir. 2012) (citing Nuance

Commc'ns, Inc. v. Abbyy Software House,

(Fed.

Cir. 2010)). Because Presby has not shown that the claims it

asserts in this action “arise[] out of or relate[] to” activities

that Infiltrator purposefully directs to New Hampshire, the court

does not have specific jurisdiction over Infiltrator.

The parties conceded at oral argument, and the court agrees,

that Infiltrator satisfies the first part of the test. Among

other activities, as described supra, Infiltrator employs a sales

representative in New Hampshire and sells septic systems into the

state (both directly and through distributors). There is no

question that Infiltrator purposefully directs these activities

at residents of New Hampshire. The operative question for

6 specific jurisdiction in this case, then, is the second part of

the test--whether Presby’s claim “arises out of or relates to”

those activities. It does not.

Presby’s cause of action is the alleged direct and indirect

infringement of its patent. For this court to have specific

jurisdiction over Infiltrator, Presby would have to allege that

Infiltrator directly or indirectly infringed its patent in New

Hampshire.3 HollyAnne Corp. v. TFT, Inc.,

, 1308 &

n.4 (Fed. Cir. 1999) (affirming dismissal for lack of personal

jurisdiction where plaintiff conceded that defendant did not sell

or offer to sell accused products in the forum). A party

directly infringes a patent when it makes, uses, offers to sell

or sells in the United States, or imports into the United States,

any patented invention, without authorization from the patentee.

(a). A party indirectly infringes a patent when

it induces another to infringe or contributes to the infringement

3 At oral argument, the parties agreed that Avocent Huntsville Corp. v. Aten Intern. Co.,

(Fed. Cir. 2008) controls on the question specific jurisdiction. There, the Federal Circuit explained that, in an ordinary patent infringement suit, “for purposes of specific jurisdiction, the jurisdictional inquiry is relatively easily discerned from the nature and extent of the commercialization of the accused products or services by the defendant in the forum.”

. Commercialization in this context is coextensive with the activities that constitute infringement under

(a). See

Because Presby concedes that Infiltrator has not engaged in any of those activities in New Hampshire, the outcome here is the same.

7 by another.

(b), (c). Presby has not connected

either of these claims to any conduct by Infiltrator in New

Hampshire. Specifically, Presby does not allege--in its

complaint or its opposition to Infiltrator’s motion to dismiss--

that Infiltrator makes, sells, uses, or offers for sale its

accused ATL system in New Hampshire, or that Infiltrator induces

or contributes to the infringement by others in New Hampshire.

In fact, Presby concedes that the ATL system is neither sold nor

marketed in New Hampshire. In the absence of those allegations,

this court cannot exercise specific jurisdiction over Infiltrator

on Presby’s claims for patent infringement. See Grober,

(affirming order dismissing defendants who did not

engage in alleged infringing activity in the forum state); F & G

Research, Inc. v. Paten Wireless Tech., Inc., No. 2007-1206,

, at *3 (Fed. Cir. Oct. 15, 2007) (affirming dismissal

for lack of personal jurisdiction where plaintiff did not allege

that defendant sold infringing products in the forum in

question).

Presby argues that the disjunctive nature of the standard--

that its claims must “arise from or relate to” Infiltrator’s

activity--allows the court to find specific jurisdiction because

Presby’s claims generally “relate to” Infiltrator’s septic system

business. Infiltrator would not research and develop new,

8 allegedly infringing products to meet the needs of its customers

in other states, Presby contends, if it did not engage in a

regular (and non-infringing) septic system business in New

Hampshire. While some courts, including the Court of Appeals for

the First Circuit, have suggested that the disjunctive language

of the “arises from or relates to” standard may “portend[] added

flexibility and signal[] a relaxation of the applicable

standard,” Ticketmaster-New York, Inc. v. Alioto,

(1st Cir. 1994), the Supreme Court has recently reiterated

that it must be the defendant’s “suit-related conduct” that

“create[s] a substantial connection with the forum state,” Walden

v. Fiore,

(2014).4 The suit-related

conduct in a patent case is the alleged infringing activity,

which must occur in the forum state for specific jurisdiction to

exist. See HollyAnne Corp.,

. Presby has only

alleged the most attenuated connection between Infiltrator’s sale

of non-infringing products, its research and development efforts,

and the potential for infringing activities in New Hampshire.

4 It is worth noting that neither the Court of Appeals nor the Supreme Court restricted its holding to a construction of “arising from” but not “relating to.” The Supreme Court instead focused on the “relationship among the defendant, the forum, and the litigation.” Walden,

. The Court of Appeals similarly concluded that “[w]e know to a certainty only that the [relatedness] requirement focuses on the nexus between the defendant’s contacts and the plaintiff’s cause of action.” Ticketmaster-New York,

.

9 This is not enough to satisfy due process and establish specific

jurisdiction. Therefore, this court lacks specific jurisdiction

over Infiltrator.5

B. General Jurisdiction

Having determined that it cannot exercise specific

jurisdiction over Infiltrator, the court considers whether it can

exercise general jurisdiction. For this court to do so,

Infiltrator must have contacts with New Hampshire that are “so

‘continuous and systematic’ as to render [it] essentially at home

in” New Hampshire. Daimler, 134 S. Ct. at 749 (quoting Goodyear,

). Though the parties dispute whether Daimler

applies to a situation where, as here, the parties are both

located in the United States and the plaintiff is located in the

forum,6 the court agrees with Infiltrator that Daimler controls

5 Because the court concludes that Presby has not satisfied the second part of the three-part test, it need not address the third--whether assertion of personal jurisdiction in this action would be reasonable and fair to the defendant--which corresponds with the “fair play and substantial justice” prong of the International Shoe analysis. See Grober,

. 6 Presby attempts to distinguish Daimler on the grounds that, unlike the plaintiff in Daimler, Presby is a resident of the forum state and, as the patent-holder, it would be injured in New Hampshire if Infiltrator were allowed to continue marketing and selling its ATL systems (presumably, in other states). This argument runs afoul of the Supreme Court’s decision in Walden, issued shortly after Daimler. There, the Court reaffirmed that the inquiry for general jurisdiction is whether the defendant-- not the plaintiff--has the necessary “minimum contacts” with the

10 here and that, under Daimler, the court cannot exercise general

jurisdiction over Infiltrator on the facts alleged by Presby.

Prior to Daimler, courts found general jurisdiction over a

defendant where the defendant had “continuous and systematic

general business contacts” with the forum state. AFTG-TG,

(internal quotations omitted). This is,

essentially, the test that Presby asks the court to apply here.7

However, the Supreme Court in Daimler rejected this approach as

“unacceptably grasping.” Daimler,

.

In Daimler, the Supreme Court addressed the question of

whether the United States District Court for the Northern

District of California could exercise general jurisdiction over

forum to satisfy due process. Walden,

(“We have consistently rejected attempts to satisfy the defendant-focused ‘minimum contacts’ inquiry by demonstrating contacts between the plaintiff (or third parties) and the forum State. . . . Put simply, however significant the plaintiff's contacts with the forum may be, those contacts cannot be ‘decisive in determining whether the defendant's due process rights are violated.’” (quoting Rush v. Savchuk,

(1980))). 7 At oral argument, Presby’s counsel argued that Barriere v. Juluca, No. 12-23510,

(S.D. Fla. Feb. 19, 2014), supports it contention that, even under Daimler, a defendant’s “continuous and systematic” contacts with the forum are sufficient to establish general jurisdiction. There, the District Court for the Southern District of Florida found that it could exercise general jurisdiction over an Anguillan corporation with its principal place of business in Anguilla on a claim that arose in Anguilla because the defendant had “such minimum contacts with Florida to be considered ‘at home’” there. Id. at *8. For the reasons discussed below, the court is not persuaded.

11 DaimlerChrystler Aktiengesellscaft (“Daimler”), a German

corporation, for claims related to human rights abuses committed

by Daimler’s Argentinian subsidiary during Argentina’s “Dirty

War” between 1976 and 1983. Daimler,

. The

plaintiffs, all Argentinian residents, argued that California

could exercise general jurisdiction over Daimler because its

subsidiary, Mercedes-Benz USA, LLC (“MBUSA”), a Delaware

corporation with a principal place of business in New Jersey,

maintained several corporate facilities there, and its California

sales constituted 2.4% of Daimler’s worldwide sales and over 10%

of its sales in the United States. Id. at 751-52. After

concluding that a subsidiary like MBUSA could not be considered

an agent for jurisdictional purposes, the Court explained that,

even if MBUSA were “at home” in California and even if its

contacts with the forum were imputable to Daimler, “there would

still be no basis to subject Daimler to general jurisdiction in

California,” because Daimler’s contacts with the state were

insufficient. Id. at 760.

Under Daimler, then, it is no longer enough for the

defendant to have “continuous and systematic” contacts with the

forum state. See Otsuka Pharm. Co. v. Mylan Inc., No. 14-4508,

(D.N.J. Mar. 23, 2015) (acknowledging

Daimler as causing a shift in the general jurisdiction standard);

12 see also Tanya J. Monestier, Where Is Home Depot at Home? Daimler

v. Bauman and the End of Doing Business Jurisdiction, 66 HASTINGS

L.J. 233, 265-66 (2014) (discussing same). Those contacts must

be of such a degree that they essentially render the defendant

“at home” in the forum state. Daimler,

.

“[T]he paradigm forum for the exercise of general jurisdiction”

for a corporation, the Supreme Court explained, is its “place of

incorporation and principal place of business.” Daimler,

(quoting Goodyear,

). This promotes

predictability, allowing corporations to “structure their primary

conduct with some minimum assurance as to where that conduct will

and will not render them liable to suit” while, at the same time,

affording plaintiffs “recourse to at least one clear and certain

forum in which a defendant corporation may be sued on any and all

claims.”

at 762 n.20.

The Supreme Court left open the possibility that “a

corporation’s operations in a forum other than its formal place

of incorporation or principal place of business may be so

substantial and of such a nature as to render the corporation at

home in that State,” offering Perkins v. Benguet Consol. Mining

Co.,

(1952), as an example of such an exceptional

case. Daimler,

n.19. In Perkins, a

corporation organized and with its principal place of business in

13 the Philippines was forced to effectively relocate to Ohio when

Japan occupied the Philippines during World War II.

. The Supreme Court held that Ohio courts could exercise

general jurisdiction over that defendant because, it later noted,

“Ohio was the corporation’s principal, if temporary, place of

business.” Daimler,

.

Thus, Daimler cannot be read so narrowly, as Infiltrator

suggests, as to restrict general jurisdiction over a defendant

only to the forum where it is incorporated or has its principal

place of business. But neither is its holding so broad as to

support general jurisdiction over a defendant doing business in

the forum state without some special circumstance that ties the

defendant more particularly to the forum state. Rather, for a

court to exercise general jurisdiction over the defendant in a

forum that is not the defendant’s place of incorporation or

principal place of business, Daimler requires at the very least

that the defendant have systematic and continuous contacts with

the forum that sets the forum apart from the other states where

defendant may conduct business--contacts that render the forum in

some manner equivalent to a principal place of business. See,

e.g., Fed. Home Loan Bank of Boston v. Ally Financial, Inc., No.

11-10952,

, at *2 (D. Mass. Sept. 30, 2014)

(finding no general jurisdiction under Daimler where defendant’s

14 contacts with forum were no more significant than with any other

state); Bulwer v. Mass. Coll. of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, No.

13-521,

, at *5 (D.N.H. Aug. 4, 2014) (McCafferty,

J.) (same). See also Monestier, 66 HASTINGS L.J. at 266 (“Courts

must evaluate ‘at home’ using a comparative approach, that is, by

assessing a corporation’s contacts with the forum in relation to

its contacts with other forums. ‘At home’ is seen as being a

unique place akin to the corporation’s state of incorporation or

its principal place of business.”).

Presby suggests that the test for general jurisdiction set

forth in Daimler only applies in cases wherein both plaintiffs

and defendants are foreign to, and the cause of action accrues

outside of, the United States. This reading is also

unsupportably narrow. The Supreme Court has explicitly defined a

“foreign corporation” in the personal jurisdiction context to be

one foreign to the state in which jurisdiction is invoked--not

foreign to the United States. See Goodyear,

(2011) (“A court may assert general jurisdiction over foreign

(sister-state or foreign-country) corporations to hear any and

all claims against them when their affiliations with the State

are so continuous and systematic as to render them essentially at

home in the forum State.”) (emphasis added) (internal quotation

marks omitted).

15 Applying Daimler to the facts of this case, the court

concludes that it cannot exercise general jurisdiction over

Infiltrator. As an initial matter, Infiltrator is incorporated

and has its principal place of business in Connecticut, rendering

that state “the paradigm forum for the exercise of general

jurisdiction” over Infiltrator. See Daimler,

.

The inquiry, then, is whether Presby has made a prima facie

showing that this is an exceptional case.

. It

has not.

The parties do not dispute that Infiltrator has several and

continuous contacts with the state of New Hampshire. It employs

a sales representative here. It markets and sells septic systems

here. In connection with those activities, it attends trade

shows, demonstrates its products, seeks approvals for its

products, instructs users how to install its products, and has

joined a trade organization, all in New Hampshire. But none of

these activities essentially render New Hampshire a surrogate for

Infiltrator’s principal place of business. Nor has Presby

differentiated Infiltrator’s activities here from its activities

in Connecticut or any other state. In fact, these activities do

not appear to surpass the level of activity that the Supreme

Court rejected as insufficient to confer on California general

jurisdiction over MBUSA. See Daimler,

; see

16 also Loyalty Conversion Sys. Corp. v. American Airlines, Inc.,

No. 2:13-CV-655,

, at *5 (E.D. Tex. Sept. 2, 2014)

(Delaware corporation with headquarters in Hawaii not subject to

general jurisdiction in Texas, where it maintained one employee

and made sales to Texas residents). For the same reason, then,

this court must find that it lacks general jurisdiction over

Infiltrator in this case.

C. Jurisdictional Discovery

Although Presby did not raise or press this request at oral

argument, it has requested the opportunity to conduct discovery

into whether Infiltrator’s activities confer specific

jurisdiction over it on this court.8 It is true that “a diligent

plaintiff who sues an out-of-state corporation and who makes out

a colorable case for the existence of in personam jurisdiction

may well be entitled to a modicum of jurisdictional discovery if

the corporation interposes a jurisdictional defense.”9

Negrón–Torres v. Verizon Commc'ns, Inc.,

(1st

8 Presby has not requested discovery into the court’s general jurisdiction over Infiltrator. 9 Jurisdictional discovery is not an issue unique to patent law, and therefore is governed by the law of the First Circuit. Augogenomics, Inc. v. Oxford Gene Tech. Ltd.,

(Fed. Cir. 2009). However, Federal Circuit law governs whether the requested discovery is relevant to the case. Commissariat a L’Energie Atomique v. Chi Mei Optoelectronics Corp.,

, 1323 (Fed. Cir. 2005).

17 Cir. 2007) (quotation marks omitted). But Presby has not made a

colorable case for personal jurisdiction over Infiltrator. In

fact, as discussed supra, by conceding that Infiltrator did not

sell or market its accused ATL systems in New Hampshire at the

time Presby filed its complaint, Presby has conceded that this

court does not have specific jurisdiction over Infiltrator on

these claims. No amount of jurisdictional discovery can change

that. See United States v. Swiss Am. Bank, Ltd.,

(1st Cir. 2001) (request for jurisdictional discovery was

properly denied where plaintiff’s “relatedness showing was

unconvincing”).

Even if Presby had not made that concession, none of the

information that Presby requests is likely to substantiate

Presby’s claim of specific personal jurisdiction. Specifically,

Presby asks for the opportunity to investigate Infiltrator’s

plans and preparations to market and sell its ATL system in New

Hampshire in the future (including pursuit of regulatory

approvals) and Infiltrator’s “activities in marketing and selling

the ATL system nationwide.” Opp. to Mot. to Dismiss (document

no. 10) at 13-14; Sur-reply (document no. 14) at 5. Invoking

Momenta Pharms., Inc. v. Amphastar Pharms., Inc.,

(D. Mass. 2012), Presby argues that jurisdictional

discovery into Infiltrator’s plans to market its ATL system in

18 New Hampshire is appropriate because “[a]n infringing company’s

plan to sell an infringing product in a forum state can be the

basis for a finding of specific personal jurisdiction.” Opp. to

Mot. to Dismiss (document no. 10) at 13. But, as Presby admitted

at oral argument, in Momenta, the plaintiff sought discovery into

the defendant’s offers to sell the accused products in the forum

state--behavior that amounts to infringement under

. A company’s intention to sell a product, without an

actual offer, does not constitute infringement, and cannot

support a court’s finding of specific jurisdiction. Nor can

Infiltrator’s plans to sell the ATL system in the future support

specific jurisdiction. The relevant inquiry is whether the

alleged infringing activity had occurred at the time the

complaint was filed. See Spectronics Corp. v. H.B. Fuller Co.,

(Fed. Cir. 1995), abrogated on other grounds by

Liquid Dynamics Corp. v. Vaughan Co., Inc.,

(Fed. Cir. 2004) (“[I]n personam and subject matter

jurisdictional facts must be pleaded, and proved when challenged,

and . . . later events may not create jurisdiction where none

existed at the time of filing.” (citing Mollan v. Torrance,

, 173 (1824))). Here, as discussed supra,

Presby admits that it had not.

19 Similarly, Infiltrator’s sales of the accused system outside

of New Hampshire cannot confer personal jurisdiction over

Infiltrator in New Hampshire. Presby suggests that Infiltrator’s

updated website, which includes information about the accused

system, amounts to an effort to promote that system nationwide--

including to residents of New Hampshire. But a passive website

through which anyone who has Internet access can obtain

information about a product does not provide a basis for personal

jurisdiction. GTE New Media Servs. Inc. v. BellSouth Corp.,

(Fed. Cir. 2000); cf. Gorman v. Ameritrade

Holding Corp.,

, 513 n.5 (Fed. Cir. 2002) (a website

through which customers in the forum state engage in transactions

may confer personal jurisdiction where “essentially passive”

websites do not). Presby’s request for discovery into

Infiltrator’s nationwide marketing and sale of the ATL system is

thus unlikely to result in evidence that would allow this court

to exercise specific jurisdiction. See Crocker v. Hilton Int’l

Barb., Ltd.,

(1st Cir. 1992) (affirming denial

of jurisdictional discovery where appellants sought information,

irrelevant to forum contacts, on solicitation of business and the

provision of goods or services outside of the forum). And where,

as here, the plaintiff has not shown that “it can supplement its

20 jurisdictional allegations through discovery,” GTE,

, jurisdictional discovery is not appropriate.

IV. Conclusion

For the reasons set forth above, Presby’s request for

jurisdictional discovery is DENIED and Infiltrator’s motion to

dismiss the complaint for lack of personal jurisdiction and

improper venue10 is GRANTED.11 The clerk shall enter judgment

accordingly and close the case.

SO ORDERED.

____________________________ Joseph N. Laplante United States District Judge

Dated: June 3, 2015

cc: David W. Rayment, Esq. Stephen Finch, Esq. William B. Pribis, Esq. Peter S. Cowan, Esq. Robert Ashbrook, Esq.

10 Document no. 8. 11 Because the court concludes that it cannot exercise personal jurisdiction over Infiltrator in this action, the court need not address whether venue in this district is proper.

21