UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF NEW HAMPSHIRE

Kechia Karen Gillen

v. Case No. 16-cv-59-JL Opinion No.

Carolyn W. Colvin, Acting Commissioner, Social Security Administration

O R D E R

Pursuant to

(g), Kechia Gillen moves to

reverse the Acting Commissioner’s decision to deny her

applications for Social Security disability insurance benefits,

or DIB, under Title II of the Social Security Act,

, and for supplemental security income, or SSI, under Title

XVI,

. The Acting Commissioner, in turn, moves

for an order affirming her decision. For the reasons that

follow, the decision of the Acting Commissioner, as announced by

the Administrative Law Judge (“ALJ”) is affirmed.

I. Standard of Review

The applicable standard of review in this case provides, in

pertinent part:

The [district] court shall have power to enter, upon the pleadings and transcript of the record, a judgment affirming, modifying, or reversing the decision of the Commissioner of Social Security, with or without remanding the cause for a rehearing. The findings of the Commissioner of Social Security as to any fact, if supported by substantial evidence, shall be conclusive . . . .

(g) (setting out the standard of review for DIB

decisions); see also

(c)(3) (establishing §

405(g) as the standard of review for SSI decisions). However,

the court “must uphold a denial of social security . . . benefits

unless ‘the [Acting Commissioner] has committed a legal or

factual error in evaluating a particular claim.’” Manso-Pizarro

v. Sec’y of HHS,

(1st Cir. 1996) (per curiam)

(quoting Sullivan v. Hudson,

(1989)).

As for the statutory requirement that the Acting

Commissioner’s findings of fact be supported by substantial

evidence, “[t]he substantial evidence test applies not only to

findings of basic evidentiary facts, but also to inferences and

conclusions drawn from such facts.” Alexandrou v. Sullivan,

(S.D.N.Y. 1991) (citing Levine v. Gardner,

(2d Cir. 1966)). In turn, “[s]ubstantial

evidence is ‘more than [a] mere scintilla. It means such

relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as adequate

to support a conclusion.’” Currier v. Sec’y of HEW,

(1st Cir. 1980) (quoting Richardson v. Perales,

(1971)). But, “[i]t is the responsibility of the

[Acting Commissioner] to determine issues of credibility and to 2 draw inferences from the record evidence. Indeed, the resolution

of conflicts in the evidence is for the [Acting Commissioner],

not the courts.” Irlanda Ortiz v. Sec’y of HHS,

(1st Cir. 1991) (per curiam) (citations omitted). Moreover,

the court “must uphold the [Acting Commissioner’s] conclusion,

even if the record arguably could justify a different conclusion,

so long as it is supported by substantial evidence.” Tsarelka v.

Sec’y of HHS,

(1st Cir. 1988) (per curiam).

Finally, when determining whether a decision of the Acting

Commissioner is supported by substantial evidence, the court must

“review[] the evidence in the record as a whole.” Irlanda Ortiz,

(quoting Rodriguez v. Sec’y of HHS,

(1st Cir. 1981)).

II. Background

The parties have submitted a Joint Statement of Material

Facts. That statement, document no. 12, is part of the court’s

record and will be summarized here, rather than repeated in full.

Gillen applied for DIB and SSI in August of 2011, claiming

that since March 31, 2010, she had been disabled by borderline

personality disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder (“PTSD”),

depression, anxiety, and attention deficit hyperactivity

3 disorder. The date on which she was last insured for DIB, known

in Social Security parlance as her “DLI,” was September 30, 2011.

In the Disability Report that Gillen filed in connection

with her applications, she indicated that she was laid off from

her job as a food-service worker for a culinary company on March

31, 2010, and that her “mental health condition prevented [her]

from being able to obtain other work.” Administrative Transcript

(hereinafter “Tr.”) 347. She did not mention any physical

impairments in her applications.

In December of 2011, Gillen was referred to a psychologist,

Dr. Mary Anne Roy, for a consultative examination.1 Dr. Roy

examined Gillen and wrote a report on the examination she

performed. That report, however, includes no formal assessment

of Gillen’s mental residual functional capacity (“RFC”).2

Rather, under the heading “Medical Source Statement,” Dr. Roy

described the symptoms of Gillen’s depression, PTSD, and possible

agoraphobia and concluded: “These aspects of her personality

1 “A consultative examination is a physical or mental examination or test purchased for [a claimant] at [the Social Security Administration’s] request.”

& 416.919.

2 “Residual functional capacity” is a term of art that means “the most [a claimant] can still do despite [her] limitations.”

(a)(1) & 416.945(a)(1).

4 would make it significantly challenging for her to engage in

employment at this time.” Tr. 635.

The record includes a Psychiatric Review Technique (“PRT”)

assessment3 and an assessment of Gillen’s mental RFC that were

generated during the initial evaluation of her claims. Both

assessments were conducted by a state-agency psychological

consultant, Dr. Lewis Lester, and both are reported on Disability

Determination Explanation (“DDE”) form.

In his PRT assessment, Dr. Lester determined that Gillen

had: (1) moderate restrictions on her activities of daily living;

(2) moderate difficulties in maintaining social functioning; (3)

moderate difficulties in maintaining concentration, persistence,

or pace; and (4) no repeated episodes of decompensation, each of

extended duration. See Tr. 170-71, 182-83.

Turning to Dr. Lester’s assessment of claimant’s RFC, the

DDE form explains:

The questions below help determine the individual’s ability to perform sustained work activities. However, the actual mental residual functional capacity assessment is recorded in the narrative discussion(s), which describes how the evidence supports each conclusion. This discussion(s) is documented in the explanatory text boxes following each category of limitation (i.e., understand and memory, sustained concentration and persistence, social interaction, and

3 The Social Security Administration uses the PRT to evaluate the severity of mental impairments. See

.1520a & 416.920a (describing the PRT). 5 adaptation). Any other assessment information deemed appropriate can be recorded in the MRFC – Additional Explanation text box.

Tr. 172, 184. Dr. Lester made the following assessment of

Gillen’s mental RFC:

She can understand & remember simple tasks & procedures. . . . Her mood instability, personality disorder & anxiety preclude complex or detailed tasks.

. . . .

She can be reliable & sustain 2-hour blocks at simple tasks at a consistent pace without interruption from psychologically-based symptoms over a normal work day/week. . . .

. . . .

She cannot interact with the public due to her mood instability, personality disorder & anxiety, but she can interact with co-workers & supervisors in a normal work setting. . . .

. . . .

She can adapt to occasional & routine changes & does so in her daily life. She can avoid common hazards, travel & make basic decisions.

. . . .

. . . In spite of established mental impairments & associated mental limitations, claimant retains the capacity to carry out simple tasks on a sustained basis in a routine work setting that does not involve interacting with the public.

Tr. 173-74, 185-86.

In a letter dated January 18, 2012, the Social Security

Administration (“SSA”) disapproved Gillen’s claim for benefits. 6 She sought reconsideration. In support of her request for

reconsideration, she submitted a form captioned “Disability

Report – Appeal” in which she identified, as a change in her

physical condition, disc disease in her lower back. She further

indicated that the change in her condition occurred on

approximately January 9, 2012.

On reconsideration, a different state-agency psychological

consultant, Dr. Leigh Haskell, performed a second PRT assessment.

Dr. Haskell’s findings mirror those of Dr. Lester. Dr. Haskell

also provided the following assessment of Gillen’s mental RFC:

She can understand and remember simple tasks and procedures. . . . Her mood instability, personality disorder and anxiety preclude complex or detailed tasks.

. . . .

She can sustain and persist at simple tasks during a normal work schedule. . . .

. . . .

She cannot interact with the public, but she can interact with co-workers and supervisors in a normal work setting. . . .

. . . .

She can adapt to occasional and routine changes, and make basic decisions.

Tr. 199-201, 212-14.

7 To document her newly identified disc disease, Gillen

submitted medical records from January, March, and April of 2012,

but she submitted no opinion from a medical source that addressed

the limiting effects of her back condition. Dr. Benjamin

Weinberg, a state-agency medical consultant, reviewed claimant’s

medical records and determined that she suffered from “[n]o

physical [medically determinable impairment] for either [the]

current or [the] DLI period.” Tr. 196, 209. Presumably for that

reason, the DDE form reports no assessment of Gillen’s physical

RFC. In a letter dated May 10, 2012, the SSA upheld its previous

decision to deny Gillen’s claims for DIB and SSI.

In August of 2013, Gillen was awarded benefits from the

State of New Hampshire’s Aid to the Permanently and Totally

Disabled (“APTD”) program. That award resulted from a

determination, by the state’s Disability Determination Unit

(“DDU”), that she was disabled by “[c]hronic mental health

problems since childhood.” Tr. 672. The evidence supporting

claimant’s award of APTD benefits includes: (1) a Mental Health

Evaluation Report prepared by Dr. Eric Niler after an

examination; (2) Psychiatric Review Template4 completed by a

The Psychiatric Review Template is a form used by the New 4

Hampshire DDU to evaluate applications for the state’s APTD program. It “mirrors the Psychiatric Review Technique employed by the SSA, and refers directly to the listings of mental 8 physician whose signature is indecipherable and whose name is not

reported in the parties’ joint statement of facts; and (3) a

mental RFC worksheet completed by Dr. Robert Beaton.

Turning to Dr. Niler’s report, he offered the following

opinions on Gillen’s then-current level of functioning:

Activities of Daily Living: . . . She appears capable of all aspects of daily living, save for those activities which might be contraindicated by her claim of lumbar [degenerative disc disease] . . .

Social Functioning: . . . Acknowledged difficulty coping with others who are hostile or demeaning . . . currently has a 12-month restraining order on her (following a hearing) from a former neighbor, and acknowledged having been written up [twice] at work (between 2008-2010) due to verbally exploding on two different, difficult customers . . .

Concentration, persistence or pace: . . . Does not appear to have problems in these areas . . .

Episodes of decompensation: . . . No evidence of any decompensation in the recent past, save for the incident which resulted in the restraining order this winter, although I do not have the records to review to make a determination as to whether claimant was exhibiting any psychiatrically significant behaviors.

Tr. 685. With regard to Gillen’s reaction to stress and her

ability to adapt to work or work-like situations, Dr. Niler

reported: “Will likely have some difficulties if she has to work

impairments set out in the Social Security regulations.” Bodette v. Colvin, No. 15-cv-282-JL,

, at *4 (D.N.H. Aug. 9, 2016).

9 with the public or with coworkers/supervisors whom she perceives

to be hostile or disrespectful.”

The Psychiatric Review

Template appears to do nothing more than restate the findings

from Dr. Niler’s report.

The Mental RFC Worksheet that Dr. Beaton completed follows a

format that is similar, but not identical to, the analytical

framework that Drs. Lester and Haskell used to assess claimant’s

mental RFC. It did not require the kind of narrative responses

that Drs. Lester and Haskell provided, but did ask Dr. Beaton to

assess Gillen’s abilities in 16 different areas. He opined that

she had no limitations in six areas, slight limitations in four

areas, and moderate limitations in six areas. He identified no

area in which she had a marked limitation. After the SSA denied

Gillen’s applications for DIB and SSI, she received a hearing

before an ALJ. At the hearing, the ALJ heard testimony from a

vocational expert (“VE”). The ALJ began by asking the VE to

identify jobs that could be performed by

a hypothetical individual [of] the same age, education and vocational background as the claimant [with] no exertional limitations, but [whose] work would be limited to simple, routine and repetitive tasks with only occasional decision-making, occasional workplace changes . . . occasional interaction with coworkers, and occasional interaction with the general public.

Tr. 124. The VE testified that such an individual could not

perform claimant’s previous work, but could perform the jobs of 10 salvage worker, office cleaner, and price marker. When the ALJ

asked a second hypothetical question, with the exertional level

reduced to light, the VE eliminated the salvage worker job and

added flower care worker. Finally, when the ALJ asked a third

hypothetical that added a limitation precluding any interaction

with the general public, the VE testified that all three jobs

would still be available.

After the hearing, the ALJ issued a decision that includes

the following relevant findings of fact and conclusions of law:

3. The claimant has the following severe impairments: Degenerative Disc Disease; Borderline Personality Disorder; Posttraumatic Stress Disorder; Depression; Anxiety; Polysubstance Abuse Disorder (20 CFR 404.1520(c) and 416.920(c)).

. . . .

4. The claimant does not have an impairment or combination of impairments that meets or medically equals the severity of one of the listed impairments in 20 CFR Part 404, Subpart P, Appendix 1 (20 CFR 404.1520(d), 404.1525, 404.1526, 416.920(d), 416.925 and 416.926).

. . . .

5. After careful consideration of the entire record, the undersigned finds that the claimant has the residual functional capacity to perform light work as defined in 20 CFR 404.1567(b) and 416.967(b) except: the claimant’s work is limited to simple, routine, repetitive tasks with only occasional decision-making and occasional workplace changes; only occasional interaction with co-workers; no interaction with the general public.

11 . . . .

6. The claimant is unable to perform any past relevant work (20 CFR 404.1565 and 416.965).

. . . .

10. Considering the claimant’s age, education, work experience, and residual functional capacity, there are jobs that exist in significant numbers in the national economy that the claimant can perform (20 CFR 404.1569, 404.1569(a), 416.969, and 416.969(a)).

Tr. 76, 77, 78, 81. Specifically, the ALJ determined that

claimant could perform the three jobs identified by the VE:

office cleaner, price marker, and flower care worker.

III. Discussion

A. The Legal Framework

To be eligible for disability insurance benefits, a person

must: (1) be insured for such benefits; (2) not have reached

retirement age; (3) have filed an application; and (4) be under a

disability.

(a)(1)(A)-(D). To be eligible for

supplemental security income, a person must be aged, blind, or

disabled, and must meet certain requirements pertaining to income

and assets.

(a). With respect to Gillen’s

application for DIB, the question is whether the ALJ properly

determined that she was not under a disability from March 31,

2010, through September 30, 2011, which is her date last insured.

With respect to her application for SSI, the question is whether 12 the ALJ properly determined that Gillen was not under a

disability from March 31, 2010, through August 1, 2014, which is

the date of the ALJ’s decision.

To decide whether a claimant is disabled for the purpose of

determining eligibility for either DIB or SSI benefits, an ALJ is

required to employ a five-step process. See

(DIB) and 416.920 (SSI).

The steps are: 1) if the [claimant] is engaged in substantial gainful work activity, the application is denied; 2) if the [claimant] does not have, or has not had within the relevant time period, a severe impairment or combination of impairments, the application is denied; 3) if the impairment meets the conditions for one of the “listed” impairments in the Social Security regulations, then the application is granted; 4) if the [claimant’s] “residual functional capacity” is such that he or she can still perform past relevant work, then the application is denied; 5) if the [claimant], given his or her residual functional capacity, education, work experience, and age, is unable to do any other work, the application is granted.

Seavey v. Barnhart,

(1st Cir. 2001) (citing

).

The claimant bears the burden of proving that she is

disabled. See Bowen v. Yuckert,

(1987). She

must do so by a preponderance of the evidence. See Mandziej v.

Chater,

(D.N.H. 1996) (citing Paone v.

Schweiker,

(D. Mass. 1982)). However,

13 [o]nce the [claimant] has met his or her burden at Step 4 to show that he or she is unable to do past work due to the significant limitation, the Commissioner then has the burden at Step 5 of coming forward with evidence of specific jobs in the national economy that the [claimant] can still perform. Arocho v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs.,

(1st Cir. 1982).

Seavey,

(parallel citations omitted). Finally,

[i]n assessing a disability claim, the [acting Commissioner] considers objective and subjective factors, including: (1) objective medical facts; (2) [claimant]’s subjective claims of pain and disability as supported by the testimony of the [claimant] or other witness; and (3) the [claimant]’s educational background, age, and work experience.

Mandziej,

(citing Avery v. Sec’y of HHS,

(1st Cir. 1986); Goodermote v. Sec’y of HHS,

(1st Cir. 1982)).

B. Gillen’s Claims

Gillen claims that the ALJ erred by: (1) rendering a

decision that is not supported by substantial evidence; (2)

determining that her statements about the symptoms of her

physical and mental impairments were not credible; (3) giving

great weight to some but not all of the opinions of Drs. Roy and

Beaton; (4) relying on VE testimony that did not take into

account all of her limitations; and (5) failing to consult with a

medical advisor to establish the onset date of her disability.

None of Gillen’s claims has merit.

14 1. Substantial Evidence

Gillen first claims that the ALJ’s findings and decision

were not supported by the substantial evidence of record. After

making that assertion, claimant devotes nine pages of her motion

to a list of facts drawn from the administrative record and then

concludes:

The Commissioner’s findings were not supported by the substantial evidence contained in the record and the Decision ignored and/or improperly discounted the substantial evidence of record as set forth herein; this is unreasonable and legally erroneous, and warrants reversal of the Decision.

Cl.’s Mot. to Reverse (doc. no. 6) 12. That argument fails for

several reasons.

First, it is woefully vague. It is one thing for a claimant

to identify a particular finding by an ALJ and then contend that

the finding is not supported by substantial evidence. But that

is not what Gillen does here. Rather, she merely trots out a

list of facts drawn from the record and calls it a day. But it

is not the court’s job to comb through the ALJ’s decision,

catalog his specific findings, and then determine whether each of

them is supported by substantial evidence. That said, Claimant’s

argument is best construed as invitation to the court to reweigh

the evidence before the ALJ, but that is an invitation the court

15 must decline. See Irlanda Ortiz,

; Tsarelka,

.

As respondent points out in her motion, Magistrate Judge

Neiman has quite aptly set out the appropriate response to a

claim such as the one Gillen makes here:

Plaintiff, in arguing that the ALJ’s RFC assessment was not supported by substantial evidence, alleges no specific error in the ALJ’s decision and disputes none of the ALJ’s characterizations of the evidence. Instead, in what has become a too common practice, Plaintiff’s counsel merely summarizes evidence in the record that she believes supports her client’s argument that she is disabled. It is well settled, however, that the existence of such evidence, “or, indeed, evidence contrary to the ALJ’s findings, does not extinguish the substantial evidence supporting the ALJ’s findings.” Fernung v. Astrue,

, at *10 (S.D. Ohio Jan. 26, 2011); Her v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec.,

(6th Cir. 1999) (“Even if the evidence could also support another conclusion, the decision of the Administrative Law Judge must stand if the evidence could reasonably support the conclusion reached.”); see also Rodriguez Pagan v. Sec’y of Health and Human Servs.,

(1st Cir. 1987) (resolving evidentiary conflicts is the administrative law judge’s prerogative). In essence, Plaintiff has done only half the work required. Plaintiff must show not only the existence of evidence in the record supporting her position but must also demonstrate that the evidence relied on by the ALJ is either insufficient, incorrect, or both. Plaintiff has failed to do that here.

Greene v. Astrue, Civ. Action No. 11-30084-KPN,

,

at *3 (D. Mass. Apr. 12, 2012). In sum, Gillen’s first claim of

error is entirely unavailing.

16 2. Credibility

Gillen claims that “[t]he [Acting] Commissioner’s rationale

for finding that [her] statements concerning the intensity,

persistence, and limiting effects of her symptoms were not

credible was in error and was not supported by the substantial

evidence.” Cl.’s Mot. to Reverse (doc. no. 6) 13. She divides

her argument on this issue into two sections, one dealing with

the symptoms of her physical impairment, the other dealing with

the symptoms of her mental impairments. Each section consists

almost exclusively of a listing of evidence that, in claimant’s

view, “was improperly ignored and/or discounted by the ALJ.” Id.

at 14; see also id. at 17. However, as the court has already

explained, the mere citation of facts supporting a claim for

benefits is insufficient to establish that an ALJ’s denial of

benefits is not supported by substantial evidence. Accordingly,

Gillen’s second claim of error fails. While the court need say

no more, it will focus, briefly, on the ALJ’s rationale for

declining to credit Gillen’s statements about the limiting

effects of the symptoms of her mental impairments, and the

insufficiency of Gillen’s challenge to the ALJ’s assessment of

those statements’ credibility.

The ALJ declined to find claimant’s statements credible

because: (1) the symptoms she described from the period after 17 March 31, 2010, are virtually identical to symptoms she reported

during the last three years of her employment, i.e., from 2007

through 2010; and (2) when asked to describe changes in her

symptoms after her alleged onset date, claimant was unable to do

so. Gillen faults the ALJ for ignoring or improperly discounting

10 different facts, seven of which concern the nature of her

employment from 2007 through 2010. In her view, the ALJ’s

finding that she was able to hold down a job during that time is

not supported by substantial evidence. The court cannot agree.

With regard to claimant’s work history, the record before

the ALJ included: (1) a field office Disability Report in which

she indicated that she had worked in customer service for a

culinary company, eight hours a day, five days a week, from 2007

until March 31, 2010, see Tr. 347-48; (2) a Work History Report

in which Gillen stated that she had worked in food services at

Water Country from 2007 to 2009, see Tr. 367; and (3) Gillen’s

hearing testimony, in which she stated that she worked for Boston

Culinary Company from 2007 until she was fired in 2010, see Tr.

102-05. Thus, there is substantial evidence to support the ALJ’s

finding that “claimant was able to maintain [her] work [for a

culinary company] for three years, from 2007 through 2010.” Tr.

80. While claimant points to evidence that she did not work

continuously from the beginning of 2007 through the end of 2010, 18 that does not entitle her to a determination by this court that

the ALJ’s finding that she was employed from 2007 through 2010 is

not supported by substantial evidence. It is.

Finally, claimant challenges several other findings by the

ALJ, such as the validity of a 2007 GAF score5 and the

appropriate inference to draw from the fact that in 2013, she

applied for a job with a former employer. But those factual

matters are inconsequential, and even if the court were to

determine that the ALJ’s findings were not supported by

substantial evidence, that would not entitle claimant to a

remand.

3. Weighing the Medical Opinions

At the end of her discussion of the ALJ’s handling of her

statements about her symptoms, Gillen makes what appears to be a

separate argument concerning the ALJ’s treatment of the medical

opinions:

[T]he Commissioner appears to afford significant weight to only some of the findings of Dr. Roy and Dr. Beaton without reasonable rationale. There is no reason not to afford the entirety of their findings significant

5 “The ‘Global Assessment Functioning’ [GAF] scale is ‘used to report a clinician’s judgment of an individual’s overall level of psychological, social, and occupational functioning at the time of evaluation.’” Nickerson v. Colvin, No. 15-cv-487-SM,

, at *4 (D.N.H. Jan. 6, 2017) (quoting King v. Colvin,

(D. Mass. 2015); citing Gagnon v. Astrue, No. 1:11–CV–10481–PBS,

, at *5 (D. Mass. Mar. 27, 2012)). 19 weight, including their opinions that the Plaintiff is not capable of working full time employment.

Cl.’s Mot. to Reverse (doc. no. 6) 19. That argument, which

claimant barely develops, fails for two reasons.

First, a medical-source statement that a claimant is unable

to work is not a medical opinion but, rather, is an opinion on an

issue reserved to the Acting Commissioner. See

(d) & 416.927(d). Such an opinion is entitled to no

special significance. See

(d)(1) &

416.927(d)(1). Beyond that, neither Dr. Roy nor Dr. Beaton ever

opined that Gillen was incapable of working full time. Dr. Roy

did say that certain “aspects of [Gillen’s] personality would

make it significantly challenging for her to engage in employment

at this time,” Tr. 635, but Dr. Roy did not say that Gillen was

incapable of working. Similarly, Dr. Beaton wrote that “[g]iven

[Gillen’s] past and recent histories and levels of functioning

there are Moderate limitations suggested as indicated.” Tr. 681.

But, like Dr. Roy, Dr. Beaton never opined that Gillen was

incapable of full-time work.

In short, to the extent that Gillen is actually claiming

that the ALJ erred in his consideration of the opinions offered

by Drs. Roy and Beaton, that claim fails.

20 4. VE Testimony

Gillen next claims that the ALJ’s decision is not supported

by substantial evidence because it rests on VE testimony that was

elicited in response to a hypothetical question that did not

include all of her limitations. She is mistaken.

Gillen’s fourth claim does rest upon a valid principle of

law; an ALJ’s step 5 determination is not based upon substantial

evidence if the hypothetical question the ALJ asks a VE

erroneously omits relevant limitations. See Marshall v. Colvin,

No. 14-cv-239-PB,

, at *4 (D.N.H. Jan. 20, 2015);

see also Arocho,

(“in order for a vocational

expert’s answer to a hypothetical question to be relevant, the

inputs into that hypothetical must correspond to conclusions that

are supported by the outputs from the medical authorities”). The

problem lies in Gillen’s application of that principle to the

facts of this case.

According to Gillen, the ALJ’s decision is not supported by

substantial evidence because

[t]he vocational expert did not consider the following limitations in answering the ALJ’s hypothetical: no interaction with co-workers; no or occasional interaction with supervisors; limited ability to sustain concentration and persistence; limited ability to maintain attention and concentration for extended periods; limited ability to perform activities within a schedule, maintain regular attendance and be punctual within customary tolerances; and limited ability to 21 complete a normal workday and workweek without interruptions from psychologically based symptoms and to perform at a consistent pace without an unreasonable number and length of rest periods.

Cl.’s Mot. to Reverse (doc. no. 6) 21-22. Gillen appears to

contend that the ALJ was obligated to formulate, and then ask the

VE, a question with an RFC that incorporated each of the

individual findings made by the two psychological consultants who

assessed her RFC. However, as the DDE form plainly states, an

RFC assessment consists of the narrative discussions of four

categories of limitations, not the ratings of the 20 specific

abilities that are listed under those four broad categories.

Thus, the various limitations that Gillen says the VE erred by

failing to consider (or that the ALJ erred by failing to present

to the VE), are intended to inform, but are not properly a part

of, her RFC assessment.6 For example, Dr. Lester’s finding that

Gillen had a limited “ability to maintain attention and

concentration for extended periods,” Tr. 173, 185, which she says

6 And, at least one of the limitations that Gillen faults the ALJ for not presenting to the VE, a requirement that she have no interaction with co-workers, does not appear to have been endorsed by any of the three psychologists who assessed her mental RFC: (1) Dr. Lester, who opined that “she can interact with co-workers & supervisors in a normal work setting,” Tr. 174, 186); Dr. Haskell, who opined that “she can interact with co- workers and supervisors in a normal work setting,” Tr. 200, 213; and (3) Dr. Beaton, who opined that she had moderate but not marked limitations in interacting and cooperating appropriately with co-workers, see Tr. 678. 22 the ALJ should have presented to the VE, was factored into his

determination that “[s]he can be reliable & sustain 2-hour blocks

at simple tasks at a consistent pace without interruption from

psychologically-based symptoms over a normal work day/week,”

which, in turn, is substantial evidence for the ALJ’s

determination that Gillen had the RFC to perform “simple,

routine, repetitive tasks,” Tr. 78, a limitation that was

accurately reflected in his hypothetical to the VE, see Tr. 124.

In sum, ALJ did not err by failing to present a hypothetical

question to the VE that incorporated the specific limitations

that Gillen faults the VE for failing to consider. To state

things in the affirmative, the hypothetical question the ALJ

posed to the VE both incorporated an RFC that is supported by

substantial evidence, and omitted no relevant limitations.

Accordingly, the ALJ committed no error at step 5 by relying on

the testimony he elicited from the VE.

5. Medical Advisor/Onset Date

Gillen’s final argument is that because her alleged onset

date (March 31, 2010) and her date last insured (September 30,

2011) were nearly five years ago, the ALJ erred by failing to

consult with a medical advisor to determine the onset date of her

disability, as required by Social Security Ruling (“SSR”) 83-20,

(S.S.A. Jan. 1, 1983). According to claimant, 23 because the ALJ “clearly stated that there was not sufficient

evidence to support [her] alleged physical impairments prior to

2013,” Cl.’s Mot. to Reverse (doc. no. 6) 23, he was required “to

infer an onset date and call on a medical advisor in doing so,”

Claimant’s argument is without merit.

SSR 83-20 “describe[s] the relevant evidence to be

considered when establishing the onset date of disability under

the provisions of titles II and XIV of the Social Security Act .

. . and implementing regulations.”

, at *1. In a

recent decision in a case from this district, the court of

appeals explained that “[w]here precise evidence is not

available, and thus there is a need for inferences [to establish

the onset date for a claimant’s disability], SSR 83-20 instructs

the ALJ to call a medical advisor.” Fischer v. Colvin,

(1st Cir. 2016) (citation, brackets, and internal

quotation marks omitted).

In Fischer, the claimant applied for DIB in February of

2012. See

. She claimed an onset date of October

31, 1995, and was last insured for DIB on March 31, 1998. See

The district “court . . . found that the record did not

unambiguously establish that Fischer was not disabled as of her

DLI, thus requiring the ALJ to consult a medical advisor under

SSR 83-20.”

. After discussing the medical records, 24 the court of appeals reversed, holding that: (1) the “precise

medical evidence [on which the ALJ relied] eliminated the need

for the ALJ to infer that Fischer’s onset date preceded her DLI,”

; and (2) because “the contemporaneous medical evidence

was specific and unequivocal,”

(citation omitted), SSR 83-20,

if it applied in the first instance, “would not require the ALJ

to call upon the services of a medical advisor to determine date

of onset,”

While there are cases in which SSR 83-20 might require an

ALJ to call upon a medical advisor, this case is not one of them.

In Fischer, the claimant’s alleged onset date was approximately

two and one half years before the date on which she was last

insured for DIB. See

. Here, the onset that

claimant alleges for her physical impairment falls after her DLI.

Given Gillen’s own claim that her disc disease did not become

disabling until after the date on which she was last insured for

DIB, there was nothing in her claim that required the ALJ even to

contemplate an onset date for her disc disease, much less rely

upon inference to establish one. With no need to infer an onset

date, the ALJ was not obligated to call upon the services of a

medical advisor.

25 V. Conclusion

Because the ALJ has committed neither a legal nor a factual

error in evaluating Gillen’s claim, see Manso-Pizarro,

, her motion for an order reversing the Acting Commissioner’s

decision7 is denied, and the Acting Commissioner’s motion for an

order affirming her decision8 is granted. The clerk of the court

shall enter judgment in accordance with this order and close the

case.

SO ORDERED.

____________________ ______ Joseph Laplante United States District Judge

Dated: February 28, 2017

cc: Christine Woodman Casa, Esq. Terry L. Ollila, AUSA

7 Document no. 6.

8 Document no. 8. 26