Goddard v. Perkins

The action of trover is founded upon a property in the plaintiff, either general or special, and a right of possession. The articles in question in this case were not the property of the plaintiff. The general property was in Chick, the debtor. The defendant by the attachment acquired a special property in the goods; and, as the law is held in this state, he gave a similar special property to his bailor, the receiptor, who became responsible for the safe custody of the goods. But the plaintiff had no right to the goods. His right was, in case he recovered judgment, to have the property sold by some officer of the law, and the avails of the sale applied in satisfaction of his demand. He had no right at any time to demand the goods of the officer. They were in the custody of the law. And if the officer had delivered them to the plaintiff, without a sale upon the execution, for any other purpose than to keep them as his servant, he would have been a wrong-doer. No property would pass by such delivery ; and when the attachment dissolved by lapse of time, the original owner might reclaim them.

If, then, the plaintiff had no right to take the goods from the officer, he cannot maintain trover to recover their value. The direction of the court upon the first count was, therefore, correct.

*490A new count was offered. This alleges that the plaintiff sued out a writ of attachment against one Chick, his debtor ; that he delivered it to the defendant, a deputy-sheriff for this county, who attached a quantity of calico and shingles; that the plaintiff prosecuted his suit to judgment and execution ; but that the defendant did not retain the property attached, but released and discharged it from attachment, so that the plaintiff lost his debt; and the evidence is, that the defendant took an insufficient receiptor. An order had been entered upon the docket, that the plaintiff have leave to amend his declaration. Under this order the new count was offered, and received by the court; and the first question is, whether the amendment was receivable within the rule respecting amendments ?

A new or amended count must be consistent with the former count or counts, subject to the same plea, and such as might originally have been joined with the other. It must, also, be for the same cause of action, and must not introduce a new or additional demand. It is not sufficient that it relate to the same transaction, which the plaintiff intended to meet in his original count, provided the cause of action in the two counts be clearly different. Butterfield vs. Harvell, 3 N. H. R. 201; 3 Pick. 14; 1 Pick. 204.

Here, in the original count, the plaintiff claimed to recover for an injury to his personal property in his possession, and he charged the defendant with having converted that property to his own use. The new count charges the defendant with official misconduct; with neglect of duty as a deputy-sheriff. The original charge is for a tortious injury to the plaintiff’s goods ; the new, for official misfeasance in no wise relating to any personal goods of the plaintiff. The interest of the plaintiff affected is changed. The character of the act done by the defendant is changed. The very ground and substratum of the action is, therefore, changed, and the amendment cannot be admitted without confounding all rules upon this subject. It is contended that the de*491fendant has waived all objection to the amendment, and that he must be taken to have assented to its allowance. The plaintiff had leave to amend, January term, 1837 ; the new count was soon after delivered to the defendant’s counsel, and retained by him several terms without notice of any objection. The amendment was by order of court, and not by agreement of parties. It was furnished to the defendant’s counsel, that he might examine it, and be prepared to object, if he saw occasion so to do, when it should be moved in court. We think there was no obligation resting upon him to move his objections in court, or to make them known to the adverse party. He could not be expected to make his objections upon receiving the new count, for its purport was then unknown to him. The plaintiff should have moved the allowance of the amendment in court; and then, and not till then, was the defendant bound to make his objections.

Verdict set aside.