Wall v. Hudson County Park Commission
Wall v. Hudson County Park Commission
Opinion of the Court
(temporarily assigned). This court granted leave to appeal from an order of the Law Division denying the motion of defendant Hudson County Park Commission for summary judgment. The question involved is whether R. S. 40:9-2 affords immunity to defendant commission for injuries sustained by the infant plaintiff from a fire which had been ignited on defendant’s property by one of its employees for the purpose of burning refuse thereon.
The provisions of R. S. 40:9-2 are as follows:
“No municipality or county shall be liable for injury to the person from the use of any public grounds, buildings or structures, any law to the contrary notwithstanding.”
For the purpose of the motion for summary judgment the trial court was required to consider all well pleaded facts as true. DeMarco v. Estlow, 18 N. J. Super. 30 (Ch. Div. 1952), affirmed 21 N. J. Super. 356 (App. Div. 1952). Prom
The single issue presented is whether, as defendant asserts, R. S. 40:9-2 exempts a county park commission from liability for injury to the person arising from the use of public grounds under its jurisdiction. If it does, it is contended that the Law Division had no alternative but to grant defendant’s motion to dismiss the action, regardless of whether the injury resulted from .mere negligence or from active wrongdoing. On behalf of plaintiffs it is urged that the statute does not cover operations of a park commission established under the County Park Act, originally L. 1895, c. 91, now R. S. 40:37—96 et seq. It is also contended that the statute is inapplicable since the action arose out of the performance of a proprietary rather than a governmental function. Additionally, the injuries are said not to have resulted from the use of any public grounds, a requirement of the statute in question. See Estelle v. Board of Education of Red Bank, 26 N. J. Super. 9, 19 (App. Div. 1953); Schwartz v. Stockton, 32 N. J. 141, 153 (1960).
As originally enacted, the statute in question had also included school districts. In 1937 the present form was adopted and the liability of school districts was made the subject of a separate enactment. R. S. 18:5-30. The effect of the statute upon our case law has been comprehensively dealt with by our Supreme Court in Schwartz v. Stockton, supra, and by
In the absence of the statutory exemption provided by R. S. 40:9-2, a county or municipality may be held liable in damages for negligence in the performance of a proprietary function and for active wrongdoing or positive misfeasance in the performance of a governmental function. Martin v. Asbury Park, 111 N. J. L. 364 (E. & A. 1933); Olesiewicz v. Camden, 100 N. J. L. 336 (E. & A. 1924); Allas v. Rumson, 115 N. J. L. 593 (E. & A. 1935); Milstrey v. Hackensack, 6 N. J. 400 (1951); Hartman v. Brigantine, 23 N. J. 530 (1957); Becker v. Newark, 72 N. J. Super. 355 (App. Div. 1962); Hammond v. County of Monmouth, 117 N. J. L. 11 (Sup. Ct. 1936); Selph v. Morristown, 16 N. J. Misc. 19 (Sup. Ct. 1938); 2 Harper & James, The Law of Torts, §§ 29.6 and 29.7 (1956).
The statute in question involves an explicit declaration of public policy. It follows that in determining whether defendant’s liability was encompassed within the exemption which it affords, our duty is to give effect to the statutory command to the full extent of the intent of the lawmakers as we ascertain it. Schwartz v. Stockton, supra, 32 N. J., at p. 148.
We are satisfied that the exemption afforded by the statute in question was not intended to extend, and did not extend, to the activities of defendant.
Defendant was admittedly functioning under the provisions of the County Park Act, R. S. 40:37—96 et seq. By the terms of that statute, the park commission of any county whose
It is to be assumed that at the time of the original enactment of R. S. 40:9-2 the Legislature had knowledge of the powers thus conferred upon commissions established under the County Park Act. Lanning v. Hudson Cty. Ct. of Common Pleas, 127 N. J. L. 10 (Sup. Ct. 1941). It could
Can it be said that the Legislature, charged with knowledge of its own enactments, Eckert v. N. J. State Highway Dept., 1 N. J. 474, 479 (1949); Lanning v. Hudson Cty. Ct. of Common Pleas, supra, intended to include within the term “county,” as used in R. S. 40:9-2, both counties and county park commissions, each of which it had established as a separate body politic, with the power to sue and be sued? Our answer is in the negative. Had it intended to do so, it would
The conclusions thus reached find support in decisions of our highest courts dealing with somewhat analogous situations. Thus in Karp v. High Point Park Commission, 131 N. J. Eq. 249 (Ch. 1942), affirmed o. b. 132 N. J. Eq. 351 (E. & A. 1942), the court held that, notwithstanding the State’s immunity from suit without its consent, the designation of the High Point Park Commission, an agency of the State which would otherwise share in its immunity, as a “body politic, with power to sue and be sued, use a common seal and adopt by-laws to regulate its proceedings” (R. S. 13:5-2), rendered it amenable to suit in an action to quiet title. As is readily observable, the quoted provision is substantially identical with that in R. S. 40:37-99, supra.
In arriving at its determination in Karp, the court was called upon to distinguish Stephens v. Comm'rs of Palisades Interstate Park, 93 N. J. L. 500 (E. & A. 1919), in which it had been held that a statute containing similar words did not evidence a legislative intention to subject a state park commission to a suit for its torts. In so doing it held:
“* * * there, the judgment for defendant went on the ground that no cause of action in favor of an individual arose from the negligence of a public agency in the discharge of a public duty. Though the statute creating the public agency, which was the defendant in the suit, expressly authorized suit against the agency, the court held that this did not create a liability in favor of the plaintiff.” (131 N. J. Eq., at p. 251; emphasis added)
In Taylor v. N. J. Highway Authority, 22 N. J. 454 (1956), the New Jersey Highway Authority was held amenable to suit for personal injuries tortiouslv sustained. In so doing, the court approved the doctrine enunciated in Karp and again distinguished Stephens as involving a claim for the negligent maintenance of a public highway in disregard of a public duty. Compare, however, Sayreville v.
We find no merit to defendant’s contention that it was an “agent” of the county and therefore shared in the statutory exemption. The cases cited in support consider the relationship between county park commissions and counties for purposes other than the effect of R. S. 40:9-2, and are therefore irrelevant to the present appeal. See Stringfield v. Hackensack, 68 N. J. Super. 38, 41 (App. Div. 1961).
Eor the reasons stated, the denial by the trial court of defendant’s motion for summary judgment is affirmed. It thus becomes unnecessary to consider the additional grounds urged by plaintiff.
Reference
- Full Case Name
- EUGENE M. WALL, GUARDIAN AD LITEM OF DANIEL WALL, AN INFANT, AND EUGENE M. WALL, INDIVIDUALLY, PLAINTIFFS-RESPONDENTS v. THE HUDSON COUNTY PARK COMMISSION, A BODY POLITIC
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