State v. Makwinski
State v. Makwinski
Opinion of the Court
The matter comes on a motion to merge two counts of a criminal verdict of guilty and to arrest the merged conviction. R. 3:21 — 9.
' ' Defendant Charles L. Makwinski was, at all times material, chief of police of the Borough of Carteret. The Middlesex
N. J. S. A. 2A:135-3 provides as follows:
Any person holding a public office, position or employment of this State or of a county, municipality, or school district, who willfully and knowingly obtains, or counsels, aids, assists, or procures in obtaining for any other person from the State, or from any such county, municipality, or school district, any money, notes, bonds, scrip, securities or other thing of value not lawfully and justly due to such person holding a public office, position or employment of this State or of a county, municipality, or school district or such other person at the time of obtaining the same, is guilty of a high misdemeanor.
The section is striking in its specific enumeration of five categories of intangible personal property: money, notes, bonds, scrip and securities, all being of no intrinsic value but rather being evidences of value or indebtedness and thus differing from tangible personal property or services. The specific enumeration is then followed by the broad words “other thing of value” which, standing alone, could include services or tangible personal property. But the listing by the
This conclusion is buttressed by the further consideration that the term “thing of value” if broad enough to encompass services, would also include the five items specifically set forth, so that their particular enumeration is not necessary. The court, of course, should construe the statute to avoid rendering any portion of it superfluous. Foy v. Dayko, 82 N. J. Super. 8 (App. Div. 1964), certif. den. 41 N. J. 602 (1964); General Roofing Co. v. Belmar, 77 N. J. Super. 469 (App. Div. 1962); Quinn v. Quinn, 118 N. J. Super. 413 (Ch. Div. 1972). It must also be noted that since N. J. S. A. 2A:135-3 is a criminal statute it should be strictly construed, although with common sense consonant with the legislative objectives. State v. N. J., 125 N. J. Super. 566 (App. Div. 1973). It thus follows that as a matter of internal interpretation and traditional construction devices N. J. S. A. 2A:135-3 does not include within its proscriptions services of a municipal employee, since they are not within the class or character of items intended
A contrary interpretation would lead to a result of remarkable and discordant harshness. N. J. S. A. 2A:135-3 places no minimum worth on a “thing of value.” Consequently, if an item of tangible personal property of nominal cost were unlawfully taken the public officer or employee would be guilty of a high misdemeanor, for if a thing of value includes services certainly it includes tangible personal property. Yet the Legislature has provided that larceny of an item of value of $200 or less is ordinarily disorderly conduct and larceny of an item of value of between $200 and $500 is a misdemeanor. N. J. S. A. 2A :170-30.1; N. J. S. 2A:119-2.
Defendant further argues that the conviction under the third count for misconduct in office, being a misdemeanor, must be merged into the conviction under the second count, a high misdemeanor and thus the greater offense, and that count being dismissed, the prosecution fails in its entirety. Implicit is the extraordinary premise that defendant gain an advantage by the fortuitous coupling of an otherwise valid verdict with its arrested mate. But the law is not so capri
Of course, when the Revised Statutes were adopted larceny was dealt with criminally as either a misdemeanor or high misdemeanor, and not as disorderly conduct, the dividing line being $20. R. S. 2:145-2.
Reference
- Full Case Name
- STATE OF NEW JERSEY v. CHARLES L. MAKWINSKI
- Cited By
- 1 case
- Status
- Published