Goodfellow Construction Co. v. Planning Board
Goodfellow Construction Co. v. Planning Board
Opinion of the Court
This controversy arises out of a public sale of municipal lands pursuant to N. J. S. A. 40 A: 12-13(a) by defendant Borough of Clementon to plaintiff Good-fellow Construction Co., Inc. (Goodfellow).
The parties perceived the primary question here raised to be whether or not a condition of the sale set forth in the advertisement soliciting bids and restricting the potential use of the property survives a municipal deed of conveyance which fails to refer to that condition at all. The trial judge held that it does and Goodfellow, the purchaser who brought this action in order to be relieved of the onus of the condition, appealed. It has apparently, however, escaped the attention of the parties both here and below that the condition which is the subject of this dispute is one which the aforecited public sale statute expressly prohibits. Since, however, the public interest is here involved and since the illegality of the condition is self-evident from this record, we have concluded that we should not ignore the real issue here even though the parties may have.
The cause of our concern becomes evident from a recitation of the facts, which are essentially undisputed. The Borough of Clementon apparently is the owner of a number of parcels of land scattered throughout the municipality. We gather from the record that the borough does not have a specifically formulated program by which it initiates the disposition of land which it does not require for public use. Rather, it makes its determination on an ad hoc basis initiated by the application of a prospective purchaser who expresses an interest in acquiring a particular parcel. That application is referred to the planning board (board) for its review. While we do not have the benefit here of any resolution or less formal communication from the board to the council, we understand from the trial testimony of the board’s secretary that the procedure then followed by the
The controversy here had its genesis, apparently, as the result of an urban renewal taking of the home of one Edward Starkus, who, in 1972, was a member of the council and the couneilmanic member of the board. He desired to relocate within the borough and accordingly inspected the available residential offerings in town. Early in 1972 he apparently settled upon a vacant municipally-owned tract across the street from the home of the mayor. It is that tract which is the subject of this controversy. Located in a residential zone and subject to a minimum 75-foot frontage requirement, it consisted of two adjacent lots, one having a 50-foot frontage and the other having a frontage of 100 feet. Many of the residential lots in the immediate vicinity have greater than the minimum required frontage, including the mayor’s, and it was apparently the intention of Starkus to use the two lots, with their combined 150-foot frontage, as a single consolidated parcel on which he intended to build his house. He thereupon followed the customary procedure, applying to the planning board in February 1972, but declining, because of the evident conflict of interest, to participate in its considerations. The board sent a favorable recommendation
Eor reasons not explained in the record, the municipal deed was not delivered to plaintiff until October 1972. Plaintiff’s president denies, however, having any advance information as to what recitations by way of condition, covenant or other wise would be therein contained. Nevertheless, in September 1972, prior to delivery of the deed, he took two independent steps preparatory to his development of the tract. He obtained a building permit for the construction of a single one-family residence to be located ten feet from the side line of the wider lot, thus providing the minimum required side yard, and he made application to the planning board for a minor subdivision, permitting him to add 25 feet from the side of the wider lot to the narrower lot, thus creating two fully conforming 75-front-foot lots. The Planning board considered the application twice, denying it the first time and referring it, the second time, to the council, which denied it. The denial by each body was based on the conclusion that grant of the subdivision application would constitute a violation of the “one tract development” condition of sale. In the meantime, the bargain and sale deed to the two lots was finally delivered to the plaintiff but, by what was represented below to be a scrivener’s error by the municipal attorney, it contained no reference to that condition. Plaintiff, relying on the doctrine that all conditions of a contract of sale of real estate are merged into the
As we have heretofore noted, the trial judge dealt with the issues here presented in the context in which the controversy was presented, namely, as if it were one primarily implicating the equitable doctrine of merger by deed. His conclusion that there was no merger and that plaintiff continued bound by the “one tract development” condition was, in our view, well reasoned. In essence, the trial judge was correct in his conclusion that while acceptance of a deed is deemed prima facie to constitute full execution of a contract to convey, nevertheless survival of covenants is a question of the intent of the parties and the circumstances here could not permit of a finding that there was any intention that the condition in question not survive. See, e.g., Deerhurst Estates v. Meadow Homes, Inc., 64 N. J Super. 134, 142-143 (App. Div. 1960), certif. den. 34 N. J. 66 (1961). Were the condition valid we would have no hesitancy in affirming the judgment below dismissing the complaint.
The problem, however, is that N. J. S. A. 40A:12-13 (a) specifically provides that restrictions or conditions included in the advertisement of public sale
*508 * * * shall be related to a lawful public purpose and encourage and promote fair and competitive bidding of tbe county or municipality and shall not, in the case of a municipality, he inconsistent with or impose a special or higher standard than any zoning ordinance or building, plumbing, electrical, or similar code or ordinance then in effect in the municipality. [Emphasis supplied]
We do not quarrel with the municipality’s decision to sell the two lots as a unit to the same purchaser. Indeed, that course of action is virtually mandated if the municipality is to avoid the subsequent problems inherent in the undersized lot situation. The problem lies in the attempt by the municipality by way of a condition of sale, to prohibit a subsequent perfectly lawful, perfectly routine minor subdivision which would create two conforming lots. We are satisfied that such a prohibition runs directly afoul of the statutory proscription against conditions of sale which impose a higher standard than does the zoning ordinance.
We cannot, however, conclude that the illegality of the condition should entitle plaintiff to the relief it seeks because we are satisfied that relieving plaintiff of the onus of the condition would result in a deprecation of the purpose and policy of the public bidding requirements of the statute. It is perfectly obvious, from an economic point of view, that two adjacent conforming building lots have greater value to a developer than does a single oversized lot. We are further satisfied, therefore, that as a matter of economic reality there is at least a high degree of probability that the “one tract development” condition diminished the value of the offered property, at least in respect of that class of actual and potential bidders. As we have noted, the condition requiring single tract development would have been enforceable but for the 1971 revision of the Local Lands and Buildings Law and was,
Were the house not yet constructed on these premises and were the property thereby not already functionally subdivided, we would have no hesitancy in voiding the sale, requiring the municipality to refund the purchase price to plaintiff and permitting it to make a new determination as to whether it wished to re-offer the property for public sale in accordance with the provisions of the statute. While we
We accordingly reverse and remand for further proceedings consistent with this opinion. We do not retain jurisdiction.
N. J. S. A. 40A:12-1 et seq., is part of the ongoing revision of Title 40 and was adopted in 1971. The section in question derives from N. J. S. A. 40:60-26, which did not contain this prohibition. See, e. g., Nativo v. Hackensack, 76 N. J. Super. 512 (App. Div. 1962).
Reference
- Full Case Name
- GOODFELLOW CONSTRUCTION CO., INC., A CORPORATION OF THE STATE OF NEW JERSEY v. THE PLANNING BOARD OF THE BOROUGH OF CLEMENTON AND THE COUNCIL OF THE BOROUGH OF CLEMENTON, DEFENDANTS-RESPONDENTS
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- 1 case
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- Published