State v. R. E. C.
State v. R. E. C.
Opinion of the Court
Petitioner was indicted for aggravated assault. Specifically, Indictment 134-J-79 charged that on November 19,1979 he “did knowingly under circumstances manifesting extreme indifference to the value of human life point a firearm at or in the direction of [victim].” The alleged victim was an infant. A judgment of acquittal on a jury verdict of not guilty was
Prosecutor’s objection is based upon the allegation that petitioner is mentally ill and dangerous and that the record of this prosecution should therefore be available to other law enforcement personnel with whom petitioner may become involved in the future.
N.J.S.A. 2C:52-6 authorizes the expungement of the records of prosecutions which have resulted in acquittals. However, the right to expungement is not absolute, even in the cases resulting in acquittal. N.J.S.A. 2C:52-14(b) provides that expungement shall be denied when “the need for the availability of the records outweighs the desirability of having a person freed from any disabilities as otherwise provided in this chapter.” An application may be denied under this subsection only following objection of a party given notice pursuant to N.J.S.A. 2C:52-10, and “the burden of asserting such grounds shall be on the objector.” The county prosecutor, as a person entitled to notice, has standing to object and to assert the applicability of subsection 14(b) as grounds for denial.
In ruling upon an expungement petition, it is the court’s obligation to make specific factual findings, draw conclusions from those facts as to the establishment of criteria for granting or withholding expungement, and express the reasons
The standard of proof ... e., that the fact “be established to the satisfaction” of the tribunal, is intentionally ambiguous. It means at least proof by a*83 preponderance of the evidence but beyond that the issue is left to the courts. The variety of situations requires flexibility.
The court has found no proof burden established by the Code which is less onerous than the preponderance standard.
To deny expungement the prosecutor must establish facts from which the court can conclude that the 14(b) criteria have been established. The prosecutor must establish the facts by a preponderance of the evidence. However, since denial of ex-pungement in the context of an acquittal would constitute an unusual exercise of judicial power, the facts established should clearly convince the court that the need for the availability of the records outweighs the desirable effects of expungement.
On August 10, 1980, petitioner was committed to Trenton Psychiatric Hospital by a municipal court judge. He was discharged on September 17, 1980. According to the hospital records, the discharge was also by court order. The hospital’s provisional and final diagnosis was schizophrenia, paranoid type. Although it is not entirely clear, there are references in the hospital record which indicate that the municipal court commitment resulted from a confrontation between petitioner and other members of his family in which petitioner wielded a loaded firearm. There are other references in the hospital record that could lead to an inference that petitioner is dangerous. A psychological evaluation report dated August 12 noted the psychologist’s concern that petitioner “may well begin to act out” and “that this acting out might well be dangerous.”
Petitioner’s 22-page, hand-written statement, referred to by the prosecutor as petitioner’s “letter to the F.B.I.,” is corroborative of the information in the hospital’s record. It reveals the author as a rather disturbed and pathetic individual.
The prosecutor has established by a preponderance of evidence that the petitioner is mentally ill.
The prosecutor’s argument against expungement is best expressed by this quotation from his letter memorandum to the court:
*84 Based on the information contained in [R.E.C.’s] psychological records, his letter to the F.B.I., and the information in Ms. Campbell’s affidavits (including his possible violation of gun laws at present), it appears very likely that [R.E.C.] will come in contact with law enforcement officials in the future in some type of situation. When that situation arises, law enforcement officials will have to make a judgment as to what action to take with regard to [R.E.C.’s] behavior. That law enforcement official may be a police officer on the street or a prosecutor exercising his prosecutorial discretion in considering how to proceed with a potential criminal matter involving [R.E.C.], In either case, these officials should have the benefit of knowing the circumstances surrounding the Grand Jury Indictment of [R.E.C.] for dangerous conduct involving the use of a weapon. Since the Petit Jury returned a verdict of not guilty, they were not convinced beyond a reasonable doubt that he was guilty. However, there clearly was some evidence to support the charge, and law enforcement officials should have the benefit of this information (in addition to the information on his unusual behavior) should they run into [R.E.C.] in the future ....
The prosecutor’s argument is flawed. The purpose of ex-pungement is to eradicate the stigma of a record of arrest and prosecution where the defendant has been acquitted and therefore found not guilty of having committed a crime. The prosecutor’s argument can be made with regard to anyone who has been unsuccessfully prosecuted. The argument is equivalent to the proposition that defendant really was guilty of the crime charged, that the prosecutor and grand jury know he was guilty and that law enforcement officials who may come into contact with defendant in the future will also know it and will act accordingly. Acceptance of this proposition would ignore the petit jury’s not guilty verdict and would disregard the legislative purpose of expungement.
Even if defendant had a record of prior criminal conviction, which he does not, that fact alone would not preclude expungement. The Legislature clearly intended that persons acquitted have a right to expungement despite a history of criminal activity. This legislative intent is demonstrated by N.J.S.A. 2C:52-14(e) which requires denial of expungement where petitioner has had a previous criminal conviction expunged unless the expungement sought is of records of a prosecution which resulted in acquittal.
Neither of the prosecutor’s arguments is persuasive. It appears that the value of maintaining the availability of the record of petitioner’s arrest lies not in the fact that he was prosecuted or in the facts underlying the particular prosecution, but rather its value is in identifying the Hunterdon County
It should also be noted that this case is not analogous to acquittal by reason of insanity. N.J.S.A. 2C:52-6(c) bars ex-pungement where the acquittal or dismissal resulted from a determination of insanity or lack of mental capacity. Those circumstances presuppose that a crime was actually committed. In this case, petitioner was found not to have committed the crime charged.
This decision should not be construed as holding that expungement can never be denied in an acquittal context. There may be cases of acquittal where the need for availability of the records outweighs the policy behind expungement. For example, in an organized crime context the record of an unsuccessful prosecution may include significant information pertinent to other prior or continuing criminal activity of the acquitted
Plaintiff’s attorney shall prepare an expungement order.
Reference
- Full Case Name
- STATE OF NEW JERSEY v. R. E. C.
- Cited By
- 6 cases
- Status
- Published