National Amusements, Inc. v. New Jersey Turnpike Authority
National Amusements, Inc. v. New Jersey Turnpike Authority
Opinion of the Court
With the following caveat, we affirm the summary judgment dismissing counts two, three and four of the amended complaint substantially for the reasons expressed by Judge Alvin Weiss in his opinion published at 261 N.J.Super. 468, 619 A.2d 262 (Law Div. 1992). Judge Weiss considered the impact of the Tort Claims Act “[ajssuming arguendo” that summary judgment was not otherwise appropriate. 261 N.J.Super. at 480, 619 A.2d 262. He found the claims barred thereunder by virtue of the “discretionary acts” immunity, N.J.S.A 59:3-2, the “execution or enforcement of laws” immunity, N.J.S.A 59:3-3, and the “misrepresentation” immunity, N.J.S.A 59:3-10. Id. at 480-81, 619 A.2d 262. We
Plaintiff also appeals from the dismissal of the first count of its amended complaint seeking damages for inverse condemnation, which is not a subject of the published opinion. Plaintiff contends that the Turnpike Authority “accomplished a temporary inverse taking of 8.74 acres” of plaintiffs property, and that the “inverse taking ... was a substantial factor in bringing about National’s loss.” It therefore challenges the June 23, 1993 summary judgment for defendants entered on count one.
Before the Turnpike Authority announced its intention to take plaintiffs property, plaintiff had obtained site plan approval and a building permit to build a twelve screen theatre. The parties stipulated that “[o]n or before May 5, 1985, Plaintiff commenced construction of a 12 screen indoor theatre complex on the 18.74 acre tract of the former site of the Newark Drive-In Theatre.”
According to plaintiff, on May 15,1985 it was informally advised by defendants that its entire 18.74 acre tract would probably be condemned, but as a result of discussions commencing on May 30, 1985 plaintiff was told that only 8.74 acres would be taken.
Plaintiff claims it did not construct on the portion of the property which the Turnpike actually threatened to condemn. It asserts that its decision to seek and obtain, as it did in December 1985, revised site plan approval for a scaled down ten screen theatre on ten acres of its property was premised on communications from defendant Authority relative to the property actually to be taken. Its efforts to build, however, were delayed while a necessary sanitary landfill disruption permit authorizing the construction was obtained from the Department of Environmental Protection and Energy.
Plaintiff contends there are facts which reflect actual threats affecting its beneficial use of this portion of the property and points out that our Supreme Court has recognized that there can be a “non-invasive” taking which may occur when there is an “ ‘actual or threatened interference with the use of the property of such a permanent, serious or continuing nature to justify the conclusion that a ‘taking1 had occurred.’ ” Littman v. Gimello, 115 N.J. 154, 166, 557 A.2d 314 (emphasis added), cert. denied 493 U.S. 934, 110 S.Ct. 324, 107 L.Ed.2d 314 (1989), quoting Kingston East Realty Co. v. State of N.J., 133 N.J.Super. 234, 240, 336 A.2d 40 (App.Div. 1975). See also Washington Market Enterprises, Inc. v. City of Trenton, 68 N.J. 107, 122, 343 A.2d 408 (1975) (“the threat of condemnation” can constitute a taking where it “has had such a substantial effect as to destroy the beneficial use that a landowner has made of his property”). But Littman also recognized that “[government plans ordinarily do not constitute invasion or taking of property.” Littman v. Gimello, supra, 115 N.J. at 161, 557 A.2d 314, citing Danforth v. United States, 308 U.S. 271, 60 S.Ct. 231, 84 L.Ed. 240 (1939).
Littman dealt with declarations that plaintiffs’ properties were potential sites for a hazardous-waste facility. Plaintiffs claimed that a “taking” occurred because of the delays incident to the testing and evaluation process before ultimate site selection was made. The Court declined under the circumstances to deal with
As this plaintiff points out, Littman in essence concluded that the claims therein were premature and the Court pointed out that “[i]f the property is not condemned and no decision is made concerning condemnation for an excessively long period of time, then plaintiffs can renew their inverse condemnation claims.” Id. at 169, 557 A.2d 314. As plaintiff further develops, here the delay of a final decision was much longer and its property was not deemed merely a potential site subject to the testing required for a hazardous waste facility. However, we nevertheless conclude that this record does not warrant consideration of plaintiffs legal contentions regarding the scope of a “noninvasive” or inverse taking, nor even permits reversal for a trial on whether there was such a taking. The record before us simply presents no disputed issue of material fact relevant to the impact of the defendants’ conduct. The undisputed critical facts suggest that plaintiff’s beneficial use of its property was not, in reality, affected by the Turnpike’s delay in formulating its decision making. As Judge Weiss noted in dismissing the first count:
The uneontradicted record in this case is that Plaintiff applied for a sanitary disruption permit which was not obtained until September 7th, 1990, some six months after the Turnpike announced its abandonment of any proposed expansion of the highway where Plaintiffs property is located. Thus, Plaintiff has not demonstrated that it would have been able to use its property prior to September 7th, 1990, even without the action of the Turnpike. Clearly, the action of the Turnpike, assuming arguendo that it could be considered an inhibition of Plaintiffs right to use its property, was not the proximate cause of any delay in construction by the Plaintiff.
This is true with respect to the 8.74 acre parcel as well as the balance of the tract.
The judgment is affirmed.
Plaintiff says that at the May 30, 1985 meeting it "tried to limit the taking to the boundaries of the proposed interchange, a parcel of about 8.74 acres adjoining the Turnpike." Plaintiff also points to a memorandum to defendant Olarsch from the Turnpike's Supervising Engineer, dated July 3, 1985, indicating that "the area of taking is about 8.8 acres." Plaintiff asserts that subsequent to the May 30 meeting "the Authority indicated that it required only a part of National's property, namely the indicated parcel,” citing a certification of its vice
Apparently the need for such permits was called to plaintiff’s attention by the Turnpike Authority. Plaintiff commenced the application process in July 1986. A "minor” sanitary landfill disruption permit which authorized environmental testing was issued in 1988.
Case-law data current through December 31, 2025. Source: CourtListener bulk data.