Notarmaso v. Goodman
Notarmaso v. Goodman
Opinion of the Court
I. Factual and Procedural Background
This action arises out of a failed real estate transaction, in which Richard Goodman,
The relevant facts are undisputed. Plaintiffs, Michael and Kathleen Notarmaso, entered into a contract to purchase certain property in Caldwell, New Jersey in September, 1992. On October 2,1992, plaintiffs gave a deposit on the property in the amount of $12,500 to Richard Goodman of Richard’s Realty, which was to be held in the Company’s trust account until closing. While he negotiated the contract for sale, and thereafter, when he accepted the deposit monies, Goodman had “ceased to be active,” because he had not paid the necessary renewal fee prior to his license’s June 30,1991 expiration date.
The original closing was scheduled for November 18, 1992, but was rescheduled for December 22, 1992. When the plaintiffs appeared on December 22, 1992, Goodman’s office was closed and he failed to appear and produce the deposit money. The plaintiffs thereafter filed a criminal complaint against Goodman in 1992 and he was subsequently convicted of the unlawful taking of the plaintiffs’ money. As a condition of his parole, Goodman was to make restitution payments to plaintiffs in the amount of $12,500. Goodman made an initial payment in the amount of $1,700, but failed to pay the remaining amount. Mr. Goodman’s default prompted the present action.
In this suit to recover their lost deposit, the plaintiffs seek compensation from the Real Estate Commission through the Real Estate Guaranty Fund, established pursuant to N.J.S.A. 45:15-34. In December, 1999, the parties appeared before me on cross motions for summary judgment. Ultimately, I denied both motions, concluding that discovery was incomplete regarding whether and to what extent the Commission was aware of Richard Goodman’s illegal course of conduct, and, if so, whether and to what extent the Commission’s own actions or inactions facilitated or otherwise sanctioned Goodman’s being engaged in unlawful brokerage activity. See, Brody v. Alfieri, 179 N.J.Super. 485, 491, 432 A.2d 567 (Ch.Div.1981 )(Commission’s failure to preclude all brokerage activity while winding down broker’s business, despite its knowledge of multiple transgressions warranting broker’s loss
II. Legal Analysis
The question before me is purely a legal one: whether a party aggrieved by an “inactive” broker or salesperson, or by an unlicensed employee of an unlicensed broker, is entitled to recovery from the Real Estate Guaranty Fund. This question creates an issue of first impression requiring an interpretation of the language and scope of the Legislature’s intent in enacting N.J.S.A 45:15-34.
N.J.SA 45:15-34 provides that recovery may be obtained from the Real Estate Guaranty Fund “by any person aggrieved by the embezzlement, conversion or unlawful obtaining of money or property in a real estate brokerage transaction by a licensed real estate broker, broker-salesperson or salesperson or an unlicensed employee of a real estate broker ... ”.
Plaintiffs advance three arguments in support of their position that they were intended to be included within the class of persons for whom the Guaranty Fund provides protection: (1) an “unlicensed” broker is legally distinct from an “inactive” broker for the purposes of recovery under N.J.S.A. 45:15-34; (2) because Richard Goodman was acting as an escrow agent when he accepted plaintiffs’ deposit monies, he was acting as a broker within the meaning of N.J.S.A. 45:15-34; and (3) even assuming that Richard
All parties, including the Commission, agree that at the time Goodman obtained the plaintiffs’ deposit, his status was “inactive” and “unrenewed”. They disagree regarding whether that status is tantamount to being “unlicensed,” for which compensation under N.J.S.A. 45:15-34 is not available. Predictably, the Commission urges that since neither Richard Goodman nor his wife Kathleen Goodman, were “licensed” either in 1992 (when the plaintiffs delivered the deposit to Richard’s Realty), or in 1996 (when Mr. Goodman promised to make restitution), the plaintiffs are without recourse as against the Fund. It contends: (1) that the remedial reach of the statutory Fund extends only to those members of the public who lost money because of the misconduct of a real estate licensee or an unlicensed employee of a licensed real estate broker; and (2) that the term “inactive” lacks legal significance, but instead is a mere “administrative convenience” which indicates only that a previously licensed broker will not be required to undergo the same training, schooling or testing that would otherwise be required of a new applicant for licensure, provided that he “renews” within a two year window. N.J.S.A. 45:15-9. According to the Commission, this interpretation is bolstered by regulations which provide that:
Each broker who ceases to be active shall immediately return to the Commission his license, and licenses of all salespersons and broker-salespersons for cancella,tion. (Emphasis supplied).
N.J.A.C. 11:5-3.9(a).
In contrast, plaintiffs assert that an “inactive” broker or salesperson must be viewed differently than an unlicensed broker in order to effectuate the salutary purpose of N.J.S.A. 45:15-34, which, they claim, is to protect the public from transgressions by those individuals whose integrity and training had theretofore been investigated and sanctioned by the Real Estate Commission. Consequently, for reasons of sound public policy, plaintiffs argue
Although I agree that N.J.S.A. 45:15-34 should be construed liberally, I cannot embrace the plaintiffs’ interpretation. “A well established tenet of statutory construction is that a statute should be construed sensibly and in furtherance of the underlying legislative purpose.” The Thomas Group, Inc. v. Wharton Senior Citizen Housing, Inc., 163 N.J. 507, 517, 750 A.2d 743 (2000); citing Brooks v. Odom, 150 N.J. 395, 401, 696 A.2d 619 (1997). Where a statute is clear and unambiguous, the court “need delve no deeper than the act’s literal terms to divine the Legislature’s intent.” State v. Butler, 89 N.J. 220, 226, 445 A.2d 399 (1982). The Legislature, in establishing the Real Estate Guaranty Fund, sought to provide recovery to those aggrieved “... in a real estate brokerage transaction by a licensed real estate broker, broker-salesperson or salesperson of an unlicensed employee of a real estate broker ...” N.J.S.A 45:15-34. By its very terms, N.J.S.A. 45:15-34 makes clear that recovery is limited to those persons who have entrusted their deposit monies to licensed persons, or, at the very least, unlicensed employees of a licensed broker.
Plaintiffs would have this court extend recovery under the Act to those aggrieved by brokers or agents listed in the Commission’s licensing records as “inactive” as a result of their failure to pay
The provisions of N.J.S.A 45:15-15 make clear that all brokers, broker-salespersons, and salespersons are required to renew their respective licenses prior to the expiration dates. While the failure to renew within two years after the expiration of the license requires only the repayment of late fees for the issuance of a renewal license, it results in an automatic “inactive” and “unrenewed” notation on a licensee’s record until such time as payment is made. An individual on “inactive” and “unrenewed” status has no authority to conduct or participate in any real estate transaction. Even a cursory inspection of the license itself would reveal that its renewal, or expiration date, had lapsed.
The facts of the instant case are plainly inapposite. There simply is no basis upon which I could reasonably conclude that the Commission, through its conduct or omissions, sanctioned Goodman’s continuing brokerage activities. The Commission’s failure to begin its investigation until five months after Goodman’s failure to renew his license, standing alone, is unpersuasive. Plaintiffs are unable to point to any evidence in the Commission’s investigation file or from any other source, that the Commission was even aware of any possible malfeasance by Goodman (other than the mere failure to renew his license) prior to his unlawful conversion of plaintiffs’ deposit monies.
Lastly, I turn to plaintiffs’ argument that they are within the class of persons protected by the Guaranty Fund because Richard and Kathleen Goodman can be considered unlicensed
III. Conclusion
For the foregoing reasons, I am satisfied that plaintiffs are not entitled to recover their lost deposit monies (or any portion thereof) from the Real Estate Guaranty Fund. Summary judgment is therefore granted in favor of the New Jersey Real Estate Commission, dismissing the Complaint
Although the complaint names Richard Goodman, his wife, Kathleen, and Richard’s Realty as defendants, for ease of reference, these defendants will hereafter be referred to collectively as "Goodman” or "the Goodmans.”
The New Jersey Real Estate Commission licensing records utilize the following terms to describe the changing status of real estate professionals: (1)
Final judgment by default was previously entered against Richard and Kathleen Goodman, individually and d/b/a Richard's Realty.
Recovery is limited by this statute to $10,000.00 per transaction for causes of action which accrued before May 20, 1993, and $20,000.00 per transaction, thereafter.
During oral argument it was represented by the Commission that any person inquiring as to the status of a broker or salesperson would be informed of any delinquency, using the categories articulated infra, note 2. No contrary evidence was submitted by the Plaintiffs.
The specific need to explore: (1) the Commission's knowledge of Goodman's activities; (2) what, if any action, the Commission chose to take in this regard; (3) when it was taken; and (4) whether the Commission engaged in conduct that
Since a judgment in favor of the Commission is to be entered in accordance with this opinion, I need not pass on the Commission's assertion that plaintiffs' recovery is limited to $10,000.00, nor will I address the Commission's further contention that plaintiffs' own purported failure to comply with the Fund's regulatory and procedural requirements precludes them from any recovery.
Case-law data current through December 31, 2025. Source: CourtListener bulk data.