1 2 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 3 DISTRICT OF NEVADA 4 * * * 5 Case No. 2:25-cv-01046-JAD-BNW 6 Yosniel Sayu Rojas, et al. 7 Plaintiffs, ORDER 8 v. 9 Gary Douglas Leeman, et al., 10 Defendants. 11 ________________________________________ 12 Before this Court is Plaintiffs’ Motion to Extend Time and to Use Alternate Service 13 Methods. ECF No. 6. Because Plaintiffs meet the requirements for service by publication and 14 good cause exists for the requested extension, this Court grants the motion. 15 I. BACKGROUND 16 Plaintiffs allege that Defendant Gary Leeman negligently and recklessly rear-ended them 17 while driving a semi-truck. ECF No. 6 at 3; ECF No. 6-1 ¶ 11–18. They further allege that 18 Defendant Leeman was an employee or agent of Defendants Hot Shot Express and Jones Motor 19 Group and was acting in the course and scope of his employment when the accident happened. Id. 20 ¶ 13; ECF No. 6 at 3 (noting that Defendant Leeman’s Indeed web page states he is a small 21 business owner at Jones Motor Group). Plaintiffs served Defendant Leeman, who has appeared in 22 this case. See ECF No. 1 (petition for removal). Plaintiffs also maintain that, after much effort, 23 they served Defendants Hot Shot and Jones on June 25, 2025. ECF No. 6 at 4; ECF No. 6-11 24 (affidavit of service for Defendant Hot Shot); ECF No. 6-12 (affidavit of service for Defendant 25 Jones). However, Defendants Hot Shot and Jones have not appeared in this case. Plaintiffs seek to 26 serve them by alternate service to ensure they receive notice of the lawsuit. 27 / / 1 II. ANALYSIS 2 A. This Court grants Plaintiffs’ motion to serve by publication because they have met the requirements under Nevada Rule of Civil Procedure 4.4(c). 3 4 The Constitution does not require any particular means of service of process. Rio Props., 5 Inc. v. Rio Intern. Interlink,

(9th Cir. 2002) (citing Mullane v. Central Hanover 6 Bank & Trust Co.,

(1950)). Instead, it requires only that service “be reasonably 7 calculated to provide notice and an opportunity to respond.”

To that end, service of process is 8 governed by Rule 4 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. 9 Rule 4(e) governs service of individuals located within a judicial district of the United 10 States. Fed. R. Civ. P. 4(e). It provides that service is proper by serving an individual in 11 accordance with law of the state where the district court is located.

This Court is located in the 12 District of Nevada. The Nevada Rules of Civil Procedure (“NRCP”), in turn, allow for service by 13 publication. Nev. R. Civ. P. 4.4(c). 14 A litigant who desires to effect service by publication must meet eight requirements. Nev. 15 R. Civ. P. 4.4(c). The litigant must (1) establish that “the service methods provided in [NRCP] 16 4.2, 4.3, and 4.4(a) and (b) are impracticable”;1 (2) demonstrate that the defendant cannot, after 17 due diligence, be found, or that the defendant seeks to avoid service of process through 18 concealment; (3) establish through pleadings or other evidence that a cause of action exists 19 against the defendant; (4) demonstrate that the defendant is a necessary or proper party to the 20 action; (5) set forth specific facts demonstrating the efforts plaintiff made to locate and serve the 21 defendant; (6) provide the proposed language of the summons to be used in the publication, 22 briefly summarizing the claims asserted and the relief sought; (7) suggest one or more 23 24 1 NRCP 4.2 tracks federal Rule 4(h) and permits service of entities or associations by delivering a 25 copy of the summons and complaint to an officer, a managing or general agent, or any other agent authorized by appointment or by law to receive service of process. Nev. R. Civ. P. 4.2(c)(1); Fed. 26 R. Civ. P. 4(h). NRCP 4.3 governs service of entities and associations located outside Nevada or 27 outside the United States. Nev. R. Civ. P. 4.3(3). NRCP 4.4(a) governs service in a manner prescribed by statute. And NRCP 4.4(b) governs service “through any alternative service 1 newspapers in which the summons should be published that are reasonably calculated to give the 2 defendant actual notice; and (8) provide the defendant’s last-known address, the dates during 3 which defendant lived at that address, and confirmation that plaintiff is unaware of any other 4 address at which defendant has resided since that time or at which defendant can be found. Nev. 5 R. Civ. P. 4.4(c). 6 Here, the Court will grant Plaintiffs’ motion because they satisfy the eight requirements 7 imposed by NRCP 4.4(c). Regarding the first requirement, Plaintiffs have established that the 8 service methods in NRCP 4.2, 4.3, 4.4(a), and 4.4(b) are impracticable. Beginning with NRCP 4.2 9 and 4.3,2 it is evident that service upon Defendants Hot Shot and Jones is impracticable because 10 Plaintiffs diligently attempted to locate and serve them. Using publicly available information, 11 Plaintiffs found an address for both Defendants Hot Shot and Jones in Pennsylvania. ECF No. 6 12 at 4. A process server unsuccessfully attempted service at that address twice. On the first attempt, 13 the process server tried calling the phone number of the business, but no one answered. On the 14 second attempt, approximately a week later, the process server stated that the office was for lease 15 and the company next door believed the office was vacant due to everyone working remotely. Id.; 16 ECF No. 6-9 (affidavit of process server). Plaintiffs conducted additional research and found 17 Bridgeway Companies, an entity that claimed to own Defendants Hot Shot and Jones. ECF No. 6 18 at 4; ECF No. 6-10. Using Bridgeway’s address, Plaintiff’s hired a different process server to 19 serve Defendants Hot Shot and Jones. ECF No. 6 at 4. The process server attested that she served 20 both Defendants. ECF Nos. 6-11 and 6-12 (affidavits). Assuming for purposes of Plaintiffs’ 21 motion that the service was unsuccessful, this Court finds that service under NRCP 4.2 and 4.3 is 22 impracticable. 23 Further, service under NRCP 4.4(a) is inapplicable and therefore impracticable because, to 24 this Court’s knowledge, no statute exists that requires service upon Defendants Hot Shot and 25

26 2 See Nev. R. Civ. P. 4.4(c)(2) (serving other foreign entities and associations); see also Nev. R. 27 Civ. P. 4.3(a)(3) (“A party may serve process outside Nevada, but within the United States, in the same manner as provided in Rule 4.2(c)(1) for serving such a defendant within Nevada, or as 1 Jones in a particular manner. Service under NRCP 4.4(b) is also impracticable. This Court has 2 previously determined that NRCP 4.4(b) allows for service by email. See Equity Title v. Gazlay, 3 No. 2:19-cv-00845-GMN-BNW,

, at *2 (D. Nev. Mar. 3, 2020). However, it 4 does not appear this information is available to Plaintiff based on the evidence they have 5 obtained. See ECF Nos. 6-5–6-10. In sum, Plaintiffs have met the first requirement because they 6 have shown that the service methods under NRCP 4.2, 4.3, 4.4(a), and 4.4(b) are impracticable. 3 7 Additionally, Plaintiffs have satisfied the second, fifth, and eighth requirements. 8 Plaintiffs’ motion and supporting affidavits show that they hired multiple process servers to locate 9 Defendants’ last-known addresses and attempt service. See ECF No. 6 at 4; ECF Nos. 6-8–6-12. 10 The first process server attempted service at Defendants’ listed business address twice, spoke 11 with a neighboring company about the vacant premise, and called the listed phone number. 12 Plaintiffs then hired a second process server to attempt service on Defendants at a parent 13 company location. They state that this service was successful yet seek alternate service to ensure 14 notice to Defendants. Plaintiffs therefore establish NRCP 4.4(c)’s second, fifth, and eighth 15 requirements because they: demonstrate due diligence in attempting to locate Defendants; set 16 forth specific facts showing those efforts to locate and serve Defendants; provide the last-known 17 address of Defendants; and establish that they unaware of any other addresses where Defendants 18 may reside at this time. ECF No. 6 at 4–5. 19 Regarding the third requirement, a cause of action is “[a] group of operative facts giving 20 rise to one or more bases for suing” or a “legal theory of a lawsuit.” Cause of Action, Black’s Law 21 Dictionary (12th ed. 2024). Plaintiffs’ theory, set forth in their pleadings, is that Defendants are 22 liable for negligent entrustment or vicarious liability due to their employee’s conduct. ECF No. 6 23 at 7. Thus, Plaintiffs meet the third requirement, too. 24 25 3 And, as ordered below, this Court will require Plaintiffs to provide additional notice to 26 Defendants Hot Shot and Jones via voice message and certified mail. See Nev. R. Civ. P. 27 4.4(d)(1) (stating that Nevada law enables courts to order plaintiffs “to make reasonable efforts to provide additional notice . . . to a defendant using other methods of notice, including certified 1 Further, this Court finds that, based on the complaint, Defendants Hot Shot and Jones are 2 necessary and proper parties to this matter because they allegedly employed Defendant Leeman, 3 who was acting in the course and scope of his employment when the accident happened. ECF No. 4 6 ¶ 13; ECF No. 6 at 3. Thus, Plaintiffs meet the fourth requirement, too. 5 Plaintiffs likewise meet the sixth requirement. NRCP 4.4 provides that litigants who 6 desires to serve their adversaries by publication must “provide the proposed language of the 7 summons to be used in the publication, briefly summarizing the claims asserted and the relief 8 sought[.]” NRCP 4.4(c)(2)(C). Thus, NRCP 4.4 speaks to the content of the summons. However, 9 the required content of summonses issued by the federal court is governed by Federal Rule of 10 Civil Procedure 4. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 4(a). Rule 4 is consonant with the Rules Enabling Act and 11 the U.S. Constitution because it does not “abridge, enlarge, or modify any substantive right.” See 12

; see also Freund v. Nycomed Amersham,

, 761 (9th Cir. 2003). 13 Therefore, Rule 4 “applies regardless of contrary state law.” Gasperini v. Ctr. for Humanities, 14

, 427 n.7 (1996). Accordingly, Rule 4 will govern the content of the summonses 15 issued in this case, and this Court will not ask Plaintiffs to modify the summonses already issued 16 for Defendants Hot Shot and Jones. 17 Finally, Plaintiffs meet NRCP 4.4(c)’s seventh requirement because they suggested that 18 the complaint and summonses be published in Nevada Legal News as well as a newspaper of 19 general circulation in the area where Plaintiffs last served Defendants’ Hot Shot and Jones 20 (Bridgeway Companies’ address). ECF No. 6 at 8. Nevada Legal News is a newspaper of general 21 circulation printed in Las Vegas, Clark County, Nevada. See JMA Architects v. Citation Prop. 22 Grp., Case No. A555070,

(Nev. Dist. Ct. Nov. 10, 2008); see also Bank of 23 New York Mellon v. Wash. & Sandhill Homeowners Assoc.,

, at *2 (D. Nev.

, 2020) (“There may be some doubt as to whether Plaintiff’s service was improper, given 25 that Plaintiff submitted proper proof of service by publication in Nevada Legal News.”).

26 B. This Court will extend Plaintiffs’ time to serve Defendants Hot Shot and Jones. 27 Under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 4(m), if the defendant is not served within 90 days 1 || dismiss an action without prejudice against a defendant or order that service be made within a 2 || specified time. However, “if the plaintiff shows good cause for the failure, the court must extend 3 || the time for service for an appropriate period.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 4(m). In the absence of good cause, 4 || the court has discretion to dismiss the case without prejudice or to extend the time for service. /n 5 || re Sheehan,

(9th Cir. 2001). Here, Plaintiffs move to extend the time of service 6 || to October 27, 2025. ECF No. 6 at 9. Given Plaintiffs’ diligence in attempting to locate and serve 7 || Defendants, this Court finds good cause to grant the request. 8 || I. CONCLUSION 9 IT IS ORDERED that Plaintiffs’ motion (ECF No. 6) is GRANTED. 10 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that Plaintiffs must publish the summonses and complaint 11 || in Nevada Legal News at least once a week for a period of four weeks. Plaintiffs must do the 12 || same in a newspaper of general circulation in Moon Township, Pennsylvania. Service will be 13 || deemed complete four weeks from the date of the first publication. 14 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that Plaintiffs must send a copy of the summonses and 15 || complaint by certified mail to the last-known addresses of Defendants Hot Shot and Jones. 16 || Plaintiffs must also call Defendants Hot Shot and Jones at their business phone number(s) and 17 || leave a voice message that provides them notice of the lawsuit. 18 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that Plaintiffs will have until October 27, 2025, to effect 19 || service of the summonses and operative complaint on Defendants Hot Shot and Jones. 20 21 DATED: July 25, 2025 22 23 FR tae bain BRENDA WEKSLER 24 UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE 25 26 27 28