Goicovic v. Knezevich
Goicovic v. Knezevich
Opinion of the Court
By the Court,
Appellants Mike and Vera Goicovic, plaintiffs below, will be referred to collectively as Goicovic, and respondent Bob Knezevich, defendant below, will be referred to as Knezevich.
Goicovic, who leased a cafe from Knezevich, commenced suit against him, alleging that within four years last past Knezevich became indebted to him in the sum of $7,505 for food, goods, wares, services and utilities furnished by Goicovic to Knezevich at the latter’s request. Goicovic also alleged that Knezevich was entitled to a credit for rent due in the sum of $2,800. Judgment was sought for the sum of $4,715, representing the difference between the debt alleged and the credit against it. By answer, Knezevich denied indebtedness to Goicovic, pleaded the four-year statute of limitations as an affirmative defense, and counterclaimed for $2,800 rent due. By reply to the counterclaim, Goicovic denied any indebtedness for rent, pleaded the four-year statute of limitations as an affirmative defense thereto, and averred that Knezevich was entitled to' an offset of $2,880 for rent against his indebtedness to Goicovic.
During trial the parties entered into the following stipulation:
“Mr. Horton: Thank you, Your Honor. Preliminarily I would like to propose a stipulation, in accordance with a discussion we had in chambers before coming into*452 court, and that is that I would request counsel for the Defendant to stipulate that the Plaintiffs are entitled to a credit in whatever accounting we may eventually end up with here, the Plaintiffs being entitled to a credit for the following items, and in the following amounts:
“For utilities furnished by Plaintiffs to Defendant, $20.00 a month for 8 months of the year, $25.00 a month for 4 months of the year, over a four year period for a total of______________________________________________________________________ $1,040.00
“A credit of painting of______________________________ 40.00
“A credit in relation to cash transactions of_________________________________________________________________________ 300.00
“A credit for a gas heater of________________________ 165.00
“And a credit for propane gas furnished by Plaintiffs to Defendant_______________________________ 210.14
“For a total of_______________________________________________ $1,755.141
“With the further understanding that the Defendant does not now admit being indebted to Plaintiffs in this amount by reason of claims that the Defendant asserts, but that these are credits from the bookkeeping sense only.
“Mr. Callahan: That is the understanding.
“The Court: You so stipulate?
“Mr. Callahan: So stipulated.
“The Court: The record will so show.”
The trial court denied Goicovic relief upon his complaint. Of this he does not complain. However, that court gave Knezevich judgment upon his counterclaim in the sum of $1,124.86. That amount represents $2,880 rent found to be due, less the $1,755.14 stipulated credit. This appeal is from the judgment for Knezevich.
The lower court believed that Goicovic had waived the defense of the statute of limitations to the counterclaim for rent. It is admitted that such defense is valid unless a waiver thereof occurred. This is the main issue to be determined.
1. The pleadings. It is argued that Goicovic, by acknowledging in his complaint that Knezevich was entitled to a credit for rent, may not thereafter by reply assert the defense of the statute of limitations to the counterclaim for rent. It is urged that, by pleading in such manner, an irreconcilable inconsistency is apparent, resulting in a waiver of such defense. We do not find the complaint of Goicovic and his reply to the counterclaim inconsistent. By such pleadings he stated, in effect, that should that court find in his favor upon the complaint, he would be willing to reduce his recovery by the rent which was due but outlawed; however, should the court deny him relief upon his complaint, he would rely upon the statute of limitations as a defense to the counterclaim for rent. It is apparent that Goicovic did not, by such pleadings, waive a defense; he only waived his right, if any, to recover an amount equal to the credit for rent. We see, therefore, that the pleadings of Goico-vic are not inconsistent. However, we do not intend to intimate that, if they were inconsistent, a waiver of the defense of the statute of limitations would thereby result. That question is not presented for determination.
2. The proof. Knezevich next contends that by offering to prove claims which were found to be barred by the statute of limitations, Goicovic thereby waived his defense of such a statute to Knezevich’s counterclaim for rent. The proof alluded to is the stipulation herein-before quoted. The stipulation is reasonably clear as to its meaning. The amount therein referred to was not offered nor accepted as proof of Goicovic’s claim for affirmative relief. To the contrary, it was obviously intended to be a credit against the counterclaim of Knezevich should he be successful in recovering thereon. It is evident that the stipulation may not be construed
It is evident from the pleadings and the stipulation that either party, if successful in proving his claim for affirmative relief, was willing that the other receive the credits mentioned to reduce the amount to' be paid in satisfaction. It is equally clear that neither intended to waive any defense to the other’s claim for affirmative relief.
3. It is suggested that the judgment below may be supported on a different basis, that of a mutual open account. NRS 11.210 reads: “Mutual open accounts; accrual of cause of action. In an action brought to recover a balance due upon a mutual, open and current account, where there have been reciprocal demands between the parties, the cause of action shall be deemed to have accrued from the time of the last item proved in the account on either side.” Knezevich asserts that, though his counterclaim for rent did not accrue within four years from the commencement of suit, nevertheless Goicovic paid a utility bill for Knezevich within the four-year period and same was credited against the rent due; that such payment was the “last item proved in the account on either side”, with the result that the statute of limitations is not a bar to his counterclaim for rent.
That part of the judgment entered below in favor of Knezevich and against Goicovic for $1,124.86 and costs of suit, is reversed.
It is conceded that said claims would be barred by the four-year statute of limitations.
Reference
- Full Case Name
- MIKE GOICOVIC and VERA GOICOVIC v. BOB KNEZEVICH
- Status
- Published