Trent v. Clark County Juvenile Court Services
Trent v. Clark County Juvenile Court Services
Opinion of the Court
By the Court,
This is the second time this case has come before us on appeal.
Trent was taken into custody, and two blood alcohol tests were taken, one of which indicated a blood alcohol percentage of .115 and the other, a percentage of .107.
Jarrard testified at the juvenile court hearing that he was traveling between 40 and 45 miles per hour when Trent and his two companions passed him.
2. H. Leon Simon, acting as Referee of the Juvenile Department of the Eighth Judicial District Court, found at the conclusion of the juvenile court hearing on May 22, 1970, that
After this court remanded the first appeal to the lower court, Trent filed his objections to the referee’s findings of fact and recommendation. The district judge, after a hearing on the objections, overruled them and adopted the referee’s findings of fact and recommendation that Trent be adjudged a delinquent child. At a later “dispositional hearing,” the district judge ordered Trent committed to the Clark County Juvenile Detention Facility.
3. Trent’s principal assignment of error is that there is a conflict between NRS 62.090, subsection 4, and Supplemental Rule XXVII, Section 4, of the Eighth Judicial District Court, in that under the statute, according to Trent’s interpretation, he is given, upon filing a request within 5 days after the referee filed and served his findings of fact and recommendation, the right to a complete new hearing before the district judge.
In Trent’s case, the district judge read the transcript of the juvenile court proceedings and heard oral argument of counsel; the issues were briefed; and thereafter the district judge ruled that the record supported the referee’s findings and recommendation, which he approved and confirmed. We, too, have reviewed that record, and we agree with the result reached by the district judge.
4. Trent complains that the referee did not consider the contributory negligence of the decedent in making his decision. The rule has been stated in R. Anderson, Wharton’s Criminal Law and Procedure § 986 (1957) as follows:
“. . . The fact that the deceased was guilty of negligence directly contributing to his death does not exonerate the accused, unless deceased’s negligence was the sole cause of death. In the latter case, the defendant is exculpated not because of the contributory negligence of the victim but because the defendant was not the proximate cause of the homicide. . . .” (Footnotes omitted.)
The contributory negligence of the deceased, if any, could not be deemed the sole cause of death in the circumstances disclosed by this record.
The evidence adduced at the juvenile court hearing supports the findings of fact and recommendation of the referee. The district judge ruled correctly in approving and confirming those findings and the recommendation.
Affirmed.
See Trent v. Eighth Judicial Dist. Court Juvenile Dep’t, 87 Nev. 216, 484 P.2d 1097 (1971), where we remanded the case to the lower court, so that Trent could file his objections to the referee’s findings of fact and recommendation, as provided by NRS 62.090 and Supplemental Rule XXVII of the Eighth Judicial District Court of the State of Nevada, in and for the County of Clark.
NRS 201.090, in pertinent part:
“As used in NRS 201.090 to 201.110, inclusive, unless the context otherwise requires, a ‘dependent child’ or ‘delinquent child’ means any person less than 18 years of age:
“14. Who violates any law of this state or any ordinance of any town, city or county of this state defining crime.”
“The petition charging Trent alleged:
“That the subject minor, WILLIAM LLOYD TRENT, is a minor whose behavior is injurious to his health and welfare; in that, on February 28, 1970, at and within the County of Clark, State of Nevada, the
Today, a blood alcohol percentage of .10 raises a presumption of intoxication. See NRS 484.381. At the time of the accident, however, a reading of .15 was necessary to raise the presumption. A reading of .05 to .15 could be considered, however, with other competent evidence in determining whether a person accused of driving while intoxicated was guilty of a violation. See ch. 675, § 95, subsection 1 [1969] Stats. Nev. 1486.
The posted speed limit for the area was 35 miles per hour.
NRS 62.090, subsection 4:
“4. Notice in writing of the master’s findings and recommendations, together with the notice of right of appeal as provided herein, shall be given by the master, or someone designated by him[,] to the parent, guardian or custodian, if any, of the child, or to any other person concerned. A hearing by the court shall be allowed upon the filing with the court by such person of a request for such hearing, provided that the request is filed within 5 days after the giving of the notice. In case no hearing by the court is requested, the findings and recommendations of the master, when confirmed or modified by an order of the court, become a decree of the court.”
Section 4 of Supplemental Rule XXVII of the Eighth Judicial District Court of the State of Nevada, in and for the County of Clark, dated January 9, 1970, and effective March 9, 1970:
“4. At any time prior to the expiration of 5 days after the service of a written copy of the findings and recommendations of a referee, a minor or his parent or guardian may apply to the juvenile court for a rehearing. Such application may be directed to all or any specified part of the findings or recommendation. The judge of the juvenile court may, after reading the transcript of such proceedings, grant or deny such application. If an application for rehearing is not granted within 20 days following the date of its receipt, it shall be deemed denied. In case no hearing by the court is requested, the findings and recommendation of the referee, when confirmed or modified by an order of the court, become a decree of the court. A judge of the juvenile court may, on his own motion, order a rehearing of any matter heard before a referee.”
Dissenting Opinion
dissenting:
Gone are the days when courts might lawfully deny minors due process “for their own good.”
Instead of meeting the Public Defender’s strongest arguments, the majority style the Public Defender’s first and weakest legal point as his “principal assignment of error” — which it does not seem to be at all, although orderly presentation of appellant’s position was attained by stating it first.
For example, the Public Defender notes that the referee apparently believed appellant was per se guilty of manslaughter solely because appellant had exceeded the posted speed limit. Hence, the Public Defender contends the referee decided appellant’s guilt on an incorrect legal standard, rather than considering whether, in view of all facts, appellant had been proved guilty of “criminal negligence,” NRS 193.190, beyond a reasonable doubt, In re Winship, 397 U.S. 358 (1970). In substance, the majority’s “answer” is that the evidence was sufficient to justify a finding of criminal negligence, if one had been made; but that, obviously, is no answer at all, particularly since the majority allude to evidence the referee expressly stated he would not consider.
Again, the Public Defender argues that the referee was not merely unaware of the ultimate issues (whether appellant was guilty of criminal negligence, and whether such criminal negligence was a proximate cause of the ensuing death), but also refused to consider the deceased’s conduct as it related to these issues. The majority’s response is that contributory negligence of the deceased is not a defense to a criminal action, which of course is beside the point. The Public Defender’s point is that the deceased’s conduct bore on whether appellant’s fault was so gross as to constitute criminal negligence, and whether certain aspects of appellant’s conduct had any causal nexus with the death at all.
As the Public Defender points out, it does not appear that
Nonetheless, many still believe justice is served by denying minors due process, whenever possible. See: L. Forer, No One Will Lissen (1970).
In re Gault, 387 U.S. 1, 30 (1967).
McKeiver v. Pennsylvania, 403 U.S. 528 (1971).
As stated by the Public Defender, the issues tendered for our consideration are:
“1. Because NRS 62.090(4) contained mandatory language, must a rehearing de novo of a juvenile matter be granted automatically upon application?
“2. If a hearing de novo of a juvenile matter is not automatic upon application, was it nevertheless error to deny a rehearing where the
“3. Must the contributory negligence of the decedent be considered in determining whether an operator of an automobile is guilty of involuntary manslaughter?
“4. May an adjudication of delinquency based upon the commission of involuntary manslaughter be upheld where there has been no finding of criminal negligence?”
The Public Defender’s Opening Brief states the issue as follows:
“It has been established beyond question that in this case Lonnie Anthony Reo, the decedent, was negligent. First, he and his companion were wearing long, dark coats (f. 009). Indeed, Lonnie Anthony Reo was wearing a coat of length and color familiar to anyone who has ever served in the United States Army (f. 009). This apparel was worn
“This contributory negligence of the decedent, although not a complete defense to a charge of involuntary manslaughter occurring through the operation of an automobile, is entitled to serious consideration in resolving the questions whether a defendant’s negligence is the proximate cause of death and indeed whether defendant’s conduct can be called negligence at all. State v. Sisneros, supra; State v. Bowser, 124 Kan. 556, 261 P. 846 (1927); Driggs v. State, 40 Ohio App. 130, 178 N.E. 15 (1931) (Petition in error dismissed 1230 his St. 686, 177 N.E. 633); State v. Oakley, 176 N. Car. 755, 97 S.E. 616 (1918); State v. Phelps, 242 N. Car. 540, 89 S.E.2d 132 (1955); People v. Campbell, 237 Mich. 424, 212 N.W. 97 (1927); Prezzi v. U.S., 62 at 2d 196 (D.C. 1948).”
Reference
- Full Case Name
- WILLIAM LLOYD TRENT, Appellant, v. CLARK COUNTY JUVENILE COURT SERVICES, Respondent
- Cited By
- 5 cases
- Status
- Published