Selsnick v. Horton
Selsnick v. Horton
Opinion of the Court
OPINION
By the Court,
THE FACTS
Appellant Frances Selsnick commenced an action for legal malpractice against Attorney Richard Horton. Appellant’s claims of negligence were based upon three grounds: (1) respondent Horton’s failure to prosecute an appeal of a summary judgment granted in favor of First Commercial Title; (2) Horton’s dismissal, without prejudice, of a claim against Union Federal; and (3) Horton’s advice to appellant to release certain funds pursuant to a stipulation. A jury awarded appellant $52,126.80. A postjudgment motion for new trial was granted primarily on the grounds that a jury instruction was given which, in the view of the district court, improperly allowed compensation for mental anguish. Appellant appeals from the order granting the motion for a new trial, and the district court’s order granting a partial summary judgment against appellant on her claim predicated upon Horton’s failure to prosecute the appeal against First Commercial Title.
THE MOTION FOR A NEW TRIAL
Part of the instruction regarding damages read: “Such sum to plaintiff as may reasonably compensate plaintiff for any
THE PARTIAL SUMMARY JUDGMENT
The trial court granted respondent’s motion for partial summary judgment against appellant on her claim predicated upon Horton’s failure to prosecute an appeal against First Commercial Title. NRCP 56(c) allows for summary judgment only where there is no genuine issue as to any material fact. Whether Horton’s conduct in not pursuing the appeal or not applying for relief from the default judgment, NRCP 60, fell below that of a reasonable attorney is an issue of fact which should have been resolved at trial. Therefore, the trial court erred in granting respondent’s motion.
For the above reasons, we affirm the order granting respondent’s motion for a new trial, and reverse the order granting respondent partial summary judgment.
Concurring in Part
concurring and dissenting:
The appellant, Dr. Selsnick, contends the trial court erred, inter alia, by granting partial summary judgment in favor of respondent Horton. Thereby, the court precluded Dr. Selsnick
Therefore, the majority’s assertion that Dr. Selsnick “did not allege nor attempt to prove extreme and outrageous conduct” causing anguish or distress is only correct because the trial court, by summary judgment, precluded such proof.
Even without her claim for outrageous conduct being fully and properly presented, Dr. Selsnick apparently satisfied the jury that Mr. Horton’s actions warranted a verdict in her favor. I respectfully submit that this verdict, entered upon Dr. Selsnick’s other claims against Mr. Horton, should be upheld, and that no further delay should be indulged in allowing her recovery as to the sum of $52,126.80.
It appears from the record that on or about March 28, 1972, Dr. Selsnick employed Mr. Horton to file an appeal of a default summary judgment entered against her and in favor of First Commercial Title Company (“the builder’s control”) in an ongoing contractual dispute centered on the construction of the doctor’s home. Mr. Horton took a retainer of $500.00 and, on April 10, filed a notice of appeal. In the ensuing two months, Horton neither docketed the record on appeal, nor sought an extension of time to do so. On August 18, 1972, this court granted an unopposed motion by First Commercial Title to dismiss the appeal on grounds that it had been abandoned.
The record further reflects that while these events were occurring, up to and including December 4, 1972, Horton repeatedly told Dr. Selsnick that her appeal was pending and all was in order. In November of 1972, Dr. Selsnick personally called this court to inquire about the status of her appeal and learned it had been dismissed.
These facts are obviously sufficient to support a finding of liability against Mr. Horton, whether on grounds of ordinary negligence, or grounds of outrageous or willful misconduct.
By signing and filing Dr. Selsnick’s appeal as he did on April 10, 1972, Mr. Horton indicated that he believed there were good grounds to support it. NRCP 11. In dismissing the appeal for a want of perfection on August 18, 1972, this court did not determine that the appeal was frivolous or that it had been processed for purposes of delay, nor did this court impose damages for delay on Dr. Selsnick. NRAP 38. Mr. Horton did not seek a voluntary dismissal of the appeal under NRAP 42 nor did he ever express any reservations about the merits of the appeal to Dr. Selsnick. Permissible inferences from this court’s action, and Mr. Horton’s inaction, are that although the appeal did not lack merit, Mr. Horton inexcusably failed to perfect it and to prevent its dismissal.
Also, the record shows Mr. Horton acted outrageously by repeatedly lying to Dr. Selsnick, saying her appeal was still pending when he knew it had been dismissed, without his having registered any opposition. If he had acted properly, or allowed Dr. Selsnick to do so, the appeal Mr. Horton has certified to be valid could have been preserved.
A trial judge should exercise great care in granting motions for summary judgment. Short, cited above; McColl v. Scherer, 73 Nev. 226, 231-232, 315 P.2d 807 (1957). Rule 56 of the
As the majority appear to realize, it is widely recognized that an attorney may be held liable for the failure to take or perfect an appeal if a trial shows an appeal would have resulted favorably to the client. Moreover, in circumstances analogous to those before us, it has been held that an action lies even without a showing that the appeal would have been won. Welder v. Mercer, 448 S.W.2d 952 (Ark. 1970) (failure to perfect appeal by missing deadline for filing of transcripts in will contest constituted a gross dereliction of duty for which the attorney was liable).
In the instant matter, Dr. Selsnick was ready to present evidence to establish that her appeal of the default summary judgment in favor of First Commercial Title would likely have been successful. She had several expert witnesses ready to testify to that effect.
The trial court’s conclusion that Mr. Horton’s conduct had not damaged Dr. Selsnick was error for other reasons. Obviously, she had been damaged to the extent of the $500.00 Horton accepted to prosecute her appeal. She also had been damaged to the extent that she had to expend her own time seeking another attorney to reopen the dismissal and, when she had no success in this endeavor, using her own time and energies attempting to reinstate her appeal.
I also question our brother Mowbray’s assertions that in an action premised upon negligence, “[i]t is established that one may not recover damages for mental anguish or emotional distress alone absent extreme and outrageous conduct causing
Our brother attempts to distinguish a viable precedent of this court which holds to the contrary. See Babcock R. Wilcox Co. v. Nolton, 58 Nev. 133, 71 P.2d 1051 (1937). In Nolton the defendant corporation contended that the trial court had erred in proffering the jury an instruction on mental anguish.
Johnson v. Wells, Fargo & Co., insofar as it holds that mental pain, as distinct from bodily pain, is not the subject of compensation in a case where the injury is the result of negligence, is expressly overruled.
The instruction is not objectionable in including mental pain as an element of damages for which compensation could be allowed. If appellant wished a more specific instruction in that respect, he should have requested it.
The similarity between the damages instruction approved in Nolton and the one contested herein is striking. And, in the instant matter as in Nolton, the defendant did not suggest an alternative instruction, even though the court asked if he wished to do so.
Our brother Mowbray says Nolton is distinguishable from the instant case because the former involved, not only mental anguish, but an “additional element of damage,” i.e. physical injury. He has failed to tell us, however, why that distinction should be controlling. And, it should be noted that, in other factual situations involving breach of contract, mental anguish has been accepted as an element of damage without any allegation of direct physical injury. See e.g. Shoshone Coca-Cola v. Dolinski, 82 Nev. 439, 420 P.2d 855 (1966); Fisher v. Executive Fund Life Ins. Co., 88 Nev. 704, 504 P.2d 700 (1972).
This court should reverse the trial court’s order granting Mr. Horton a new trial. In any event, of course, the trial court’s
In a subsequent phone conversation with the Chief Justice, Dr. Selsnick queried, “just what goes on here? I pay an attorney $500.00 to file an appeal, and now you tell me it’s not there any longer. And, Mr. Horton tells me it is. What’s going on in this city? Am I crazy or is the city crazy or is it the legal profession?”
In deciding the propriety of a trial court’s granting of a summary judgment all evidence favorable to the party against whom the summary judgment was rendered is accepted as true. Short v. Hotel Riviera, Inc., 79 Nev. 94, 378 P.2d 979 (1963); Potter v. Mutual Benefit Life Ins. Co., 93 Nev. 90, 560 P.2d 914 (1977); Bowyer v. Davidson, 94 Nev. 718, 584 P.2d 686 (1978). Accordingly, all evidence which Dr. Selsnick would have offered against Mr. Horton at the trial below, had she been permitted to do so, is accepted as true for purposes of this opinion.
“An attorney expressly and explicitly instructed by his client to follow a certain course of action in the conduct of litigation is under the duty of doing so if he remains in the suit at all, and accordingly he may be held liable for damages resulting from his failure to do so.” 45 ALR2d Attorneys — Negligence — Liability § 3[c] (1956). “Negligence of an attorney in failing to take proper steps to protect his client’s right of appeal or review has been held actionable... where, as a result, the right of appeal was lost.” Id. § 21[a].
NRCP 56(c) in pertinent part reads:
“The judgment sought shall be rendered forthwith if the pleadings, depositions, answers to interrogatories, and admisssions on file, together with the affidavits, if any, show that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the moving party is entitled to a judgment as a matter of law.”
Three attorneys (Mr. Charles Springer, Mr. Robert Robertson, and Mr. Gary Backus) were all willing to testify to that effect.
In pertinent part the contested instruction read, “[i]n assessing damages, if you find the plaintiffs entitled to recover damages, you should take into consideration the following elements, in the event any of them are found to exist, and allow adequate compensation therefor. * * * ... (9) [m]ental pain and suffering by Marguerite Nolton, if any. * * *”
Reference
- Full Case Name
- FRANCES SELSNICK, Appellant, v. RICHARD HORTON, Respondent
- Cited By
- 29 cases
- Status
- Published