Mineral County v. State, Board of Equalization
Mineral County v. State, Board of Equalization
Opinion of the Court
By the Court,
In this appeal, we consider whether a county may seek judicial review of decisions issued by the State Board of Equalization (State Board) under NRS Chapter 233B, the Nevada Administrative Procedure Act (APA). We conclude that it may.
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
Day & Zimmerman Hawthorne Corporation (DZHC) contracts with the federal government to manage and maintain the Hawthorne Ammunition Depot in Mineral County, Nevada. DZHC disputed Mineral County’s valuations of the depot for tax years 1998-1999 and 2000-2001. As a result, the State Board reviewed the County’s valuations and issued two decisions resulting in a substantial net decrease in taxable value. Shortly thereafter, the County filed separate petitions for judicial review under the APA. The State Board and DZHC moved jointly to dismiss the petitions. The district court granted the motions, concluding that NRS 361.420, which specifies procedures for “property owner” appeals of State Board determinations, impliedly prohibits challenges to State Board determinations by persons or entities other than “property owners.” Mineral County appeals.
As NRS 361.420 is silent with regard to a county’s ability to seek judicial review of State Board decisions, we hold that a county may petition for judicial review of such determinations under the APA, in particular, NRS 233B. 130(1). Accordingly, we reverse the district court’s order.
Construction of a statute is a question of law, which this court reviews de novo.
The County claims authority to challenge State Board decisions under NRS 233B. 130(1), which addresses an aggrieved party’s ability to obtain judicial review of a state agency decision, as follows:
1. Any party who is:
(a) Identified as a party of record by an agency in an administrative proceeding; and
(b) Aggrieved by a final decision in a contested case, is entitled to judicial review of the decision.
Relying upon language from NRS 233B.020(2), stating that “[t]he provisions of [NRS Chapter 233B] are intended to supplement statutes applicable to specific agencies,” the County argues that the APA simply augments the taxpayer appeal provisions of NRS Chapter 361, thus permitting local government entities to petition for judicial review.
The State Board responds that a reading of other language within the APA requires deference to the more specific administrative procedures set forth in NRS Chapter 361. In this, the State Board relies upon the statement in NRS 233B.020(2) that “[NRS Chapter 233B] does not abrogate or limit additional requirements imposed on such agencies by statute or otherwise recognized by law,” and further upon NRS 361.420(2), which provides that property owners may institute an action if denied relief by the State Board:
The property owner, having protested the payment of taxes as provided in subsection 1 and having been denied relief by the State Board of Equalization, may commence a suit in any court of competent jurisdiction in the State of Nevada against the State and county in which the taxes were paid ....
The State Board argues that NRS 361.420(2), when read with NRS 233B. 020(2), specifically limits district court jurisdiction over its
Given the discrete language governing NRS Chapter 361 challenges to State Board decisions, the State Board argues that NRS Chapter 361 procedures preempt the APA under the fundamental principles of statutory construction; here, that statutes specific to particular sets of circumstances take precedence over statutes of general application.
NRS 361.410(1) and NRS 361.420(2) provide a specific mechanism for taxpayers to protest State Board valuations. Neither explicitly precludes local governments from doing so.
Policy reasons also support our decision on this issue. For instance, denying a county’s right to judicial review would allow the
CONCLUSION
As NRS 361.420 presents no barrier to a county’s right to seek judicial review of a State Board decision, Mineral County may seek judicial review under NRS 233B. 130(1). Accordingly, we reverse the district court’s order dismissing Mineral County’s petitions and remand this case for proceedings consistent with this opinion.
Gilman v. State, Bd. of Vet. Med. Exam’rs, 120 Nev. 263, 271, 89 P.3d 1000, 1005-06 (2004).
University Sys. v. Nevadans for Sound Gov’t, 120 Nev. 712, 731, 100 P.3d 179, 193 (2004).
Beazer Homes Nevada, Inc. v. Dist. Ct., 120 Nev. 575, 587, 97 P.3d 1132, 1140 (2004).
See SIIS v. Miller, 112 Nev. 1112, 1118, 923 P.2d 577, 580 (1996).
The State Board asserts that the Legislature’s explicit provision for county petitions seeking judicial review of Nevada Tax Commission decisions under NRS 360.245(7) demonstrates legislative intent to preclude county petitions for judicial review of State Board decisions. We disagree and conclude that had the Legislature intended to preclude county petitions of State Board decisions, it could have explicitly stated that intent.
We also reject the State Board’s assertion that the history of legislation introduced during the 2005 legislative session as S.B. 186 — demonstrating that the bill “died” in committee — determines the issue presented in this case. An uncontradicted affidavit submitted by a proponent of the bill, who also represents Mineral County in this case, indicates that the proponents withdrew the bill before the Legislature could hilly consider it.
Dissenting Opinion
with whom Becker, C. J., and Douglas, J., agree, dissenting:
Only taxpayers, not counties, may sue to challenge the decisions of the State Board of Equalization under the Legislature’s specific statutory scheme to equalize the value of real property.
Nevada’s Constitution directs the Legislature to “provide by law for a uniform and equal rate of assessment and taxation, and shall prescribe such regulations as shall secure a just valuation for taxation of all [real property].”
Contrary to the majority’s claim that the right of appeal statutes do not abrogate or limit the rights of property holders to appeal, the Legislature imposes several requirements for a taxpayer to seek judicial review of the State Board of Equalization decision. To challenge the findings of the State Board of Equalization,
Nowhere in this statutory scheme, however, does the Legislature grant authority to a county to seek judicial review of State Board of Equalization decisions. When intended, the Legislature has expressly enumerated the appeal rights of a county. When the Legislature is silent, this court should not “ ‘fill in alleged legislative omissions based on conjecture as to what the legislature would of should have done.’”
The County relies on NRS 233B. 130(1) for authority to seek judicial review. I disagree for three reasons.
First, NRS 233B. 130(1) declares that any aggrieved party can seek judicial review of a final decision of an administrative agency. Therefore, if the County can rely on this statute for authority to seek judicial review, then the taxpayer should be able to do so as well. But, as noted, the Legislature has imposed a number of requirements on the taxpayer before seeking judicial review that are not present in NRS 233B. 130(1). Accepting the County’s interpretation of NRS 233B. 130(1) would lead to an absurd result that violates the canon of statutory construction that requires statutes to be read in harmony but promotes the use of a specific statute
Second, a proper application of the rule of statutory construction, that specific statutes dealing with a subject matter take precedence over statutes of general application, shows that NRS 233B. 130(1) does not apply. That rule of statutory construction provides that a special provision dealing with a particular subject is controlling and preferred to a provision relating only in general terms to the same subject.
Finally, this court has previously held that where the APA departs from a specific statutory scheme, the specific scheme controls. In Sierra Life Insurance Co. v. Rottman, we concluded that NRS 680A.190, giving the Commissioner of Insurance authority to summarily revoke a certificate of authority, took precedence over NRS 233B.020, which requires an agency to provide notice and an opportunity to be heard to show compliance to the licensee before revocation.
The majority also points to policy reasons to support its decision. In construing statutes, this court’s objective is to give effect to the Legislature’s intent.
Nev. Const. art. 10, § 1(1).
NRS 361.356(1); NRS 361.357(1).
NRS 361.360(1).
NRS 361.410(1).
NRS 361.420(1), (2).
NRS 361.410(2); NRS 361.430.
Pittsburg Silver Peak v. Tax Commission, 49 Nev. 46, 52, 235 P. 643, 644 (1925); Washoe County v. Golden Road Motor Inn, 105 Nev. 402, 406, 777 P.2d 358, 360 (1989); Imperial Palace v. State, Dep’t Taxation, 108 Nev. 1060, 1066, 843 P.2d 813, 817 (1992); Sun City Summerlin v. State, Dep’t Tax., 113 Nev. 835, 842, 944 P.2d 234, 238 (1997).
Falcke v. Douglas County, 116 Nev. 583, 589, 3 P.3d 661, 665 (2000) (quoting McKay v. Board of Cty. Comm’r, 103 Nev. 490, 492, 746 P.2d 124, 125 (1987)).
NRS 361.360(1).
NRS 360.245(7).
W. R. Co. v. City of Reno, 63 Nev. 330, 337, 172 P.2d 158, 161 (1946).
NRS 233B.020(2).
95 Nev. 654, 656, 601 P.2d 56, 57-58 (1979).
Davenport v. Comstock Hills — Reno, 118 Nev. 389, 392 n.4, 46 P.3d 62, 64 n.4 (2002).
Id. (internal quotation marks omitted).
First Nat. Bk. of S.F. v. Nye Co., 38 Nev. 123, 134-35, 145 P. 932, 936 (1914); Reynolds v. Sims, 377 U.S. 533, 575 (1964).
City of Boulder City v. State of Nevada, 106 Nev. 390, 392, 793 P.2d 845, 846 (1990); State ex rel. List v. County of Douglas, 90 Nev. 272, 280, 524 P.2d 1271, 1276 (1974) (stating that a county may not invoke proscriptions of the Fourteenth Amendment against the will of its creator, the State).
Concurring Opinion
concurring:
Any party aggrieved by an administrative decision may appeal the decision to the district court for judicial review.
This court has previously emphasized the general proposition that an agency should be permitted to appeal an adverse administrative decision. In State, Department of Motor Vehicles v. McGuire, a hearing officer ruled after a license revocation hearing that the allegedly drunk driver was entitled to a seven-day temporary driving permit.
The dissent claims that permitting the county to appeal is an absurd result, even though each party is given the right to appeal under a specific section of Nevada law. Rather than absurd, I find that permitting both parties to appeal an administrative decision a fundamentally fair process. These two statutes can be harmonized by simply following our prior decisions and resolving this dispute “in favor of allowing an appeal.”
NRS 233B. 130(1).
108 Nev. 182, 827 P.2d 821 (1992).
Id. at 184, 827 P.2d at 822 (quoting Thompson v. District Court, 100 Nev. 352, 355, 683 P.2d 17, 19 (1984)).
Id.
Reference
- Full Case Name
- MINERAL COUNTY; MINERAL COUNTY BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS; And MINERAL COUNTY ASSESSOR, Appellants, v. THE STATE OF NEVADA, BOARD OF EQUALIZATION and DAY & ZIMMERMAN HAWTHORNE CORPORATION, Respondents
- Cited By
- 9 cases
- Status
- Published