Converse Professional Group v. Eighth Judicial District Court of the State of Nevada ex rel. County of Clark
Converse Professional Group v. Eighth Judicial District Court of the State of Nevada ex rel. County of Clark
Opinion of the Court
OPINION
By the Court,
“|T|n an action involving nonresidential construction,” the complainant’s attorney “shall file [an affidavit and expert report] concurrently with the service of the first pleading.” NRS 11.258(1); see NRS 11.258(3). An “[a]ction involving nonresidential construction” concerns the construction (and related activities) of a nonresidential building and is against a “design professional.” NRS 11.2565(1). The district court “shall dismiss [the] action” if NRS 11.258 is violated. NRS 11.259(1). In Otak Nevada, L.L.C. v. Eighth Judicial District Court, 127 Nev. 593, 260 P.3d 408 (2011), we held that an amended pleading must be dismissed when it followed an initial pleading that was void ab initio—of no legal effect—because it was filed without the affidavit and expert report required by NRS 11.258. Id. at 593, 599, 260 P.3d at 409, 411-12.
Petitioner Converse Professional Group relied on Otak in filing motions to dismiss amended complaints that real parties in interest Century Steel, Inc., and Pacific Coast Steel (PCS) filed against it. Century and PCS were subcontractors whose work Converse had inspected. After being brought into commercial construction litigation as defendants, Century and PCS filed third- and fourth-party complaints and amended complaints against Converse to recover damages that allegedly arose from the deficient performance of its services. Converse filed motions to dismiss the amended complaints. It asserted that it was a design professional and that the initial pleadings were void ab initio and could not be cured by the amended pleadings because Century and PCS failed to file the at
Converse brings this petition for a writ of mandamus to compel the dismissal of the amended pleadings. We conclude that Century’s and PCS’s initial causes of action brought actions that were within the scope of NRS 11.2565(1)’s definition of an action involving nonresidential construction. As a result, because their pleadings identified Converse’s services that implicated the practice of professional engineering, see NRS 625.050(1)(a), their pleadings were against a design professional, see NRS 11.2565(2)(b), thereby subjecting them to NRS 11.258’s attorney affidavit and expert report requirements. We further conclude that the Otak court correctly construed NRS 11.259(1) as requiring the dismissal of an amended pleading—not an entire action—that followed an initial pleading that was filed without adhering to NRS 11.258. Thus, the district court must dismiss the amended pleadings against Converse as they were void ab initio for their failure to comply with NRS 11.258. Accordingly, we grant Converse’s petition.
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
Century, and its successor in interest PCS, subcontracted to perform the steel installation on a new building, the Harmon Tower, which was to be part of a large-scale, mixed-use development in Las Vegas known as CityCenter. Converse was hired by the project’s owner to render third-party quality control and assurance inspections. According to Century’s and PCS’s pleadings, Converse’s services included inspecting their work for quality assurance and compliance with construction plans and specifications.
After alleged defects were discovered in the Harmon Tower, construction stopped, and litigation between the project’s owner, general contractor, and subcontractors began. Century and PCS filed third- and fourth-party complaints against Converse for contribution and/or indemnity allegedly warranted by Converse’s negligent inspection work. When these claims were dismissed, Century and PCS were granted leave to file amended complaints against Converse alleging negligent and intentional misrepresentation, contribution, and equitable indemnity. Century and PCS did not file an affidavit or expert report regarding the basis for their claims when the initial complaints or the amended complaints were served. In response, Converse moved to dismiss the amended pleadings pursuant to NRS 11.259(1), arguing that Century and PCS failed to file the attorney affidavit and expert report with their initial complaints, as is required by NRS 11.258 for actions against design professionals involving nonresidential construction.
DISCUSSION
“A writ of mandamus is available to compel the performance of an act that the law requires ... or to control an arbitrary or capricious exercise of discretion.” Int’l Game Tech., Inc. v. Second Judicial Dist. Court, 124 Nev. 193, 197, 179 P.3d 556, 558 (2008); see NRS 34.160. Here, Converse argues that the law requires that Century’s and PCS’s amended pleadings be dismissed as a result of their failure to file the NRS 11.258 attorney affidavit and expert report at the time the initial complaints were served. Because the determination of this issue is not fact-bound and involves unsettled issues of law that will likely recur, and because resolving this issue at this early stage of the underlying litigation promotes judicial economy, our consideration of Converse’s writ petition is warranted. See NRS 34.330 (providing that a writ of mandamus is available only when no adequate legal remedy exists); Buckwalter v. Eighth Judicial Dist. Court, 126 Nev. 200, 201, 234 P.3d 920, 921 (2010) (recognizing that we may consider a petition for writ relief contesting the denial of a motion to dismiss when “the issue is not fact-bound and involves an unsettled and potentially significant, recurring question of law”); Int’l Game Tech., 124 Nev. at 197-98, 179 P.3d at 558-59 (noting that the right to appeal from a final judgment is not always an adequate legal remedy that bars writ relief, such as when a case is at an early point in litigation and writ relief advances judicial economy).
The amended pleadings must be dismissed
Resolving the issues raised in this writ petition requires our de novo review of the statutes that govern actions involving nonresidential construction. See Washoe Med. Ctr. v. Second Judicial Dist. Court, 122 Nev. 1298, 1302, 148 P.3d 790, 792 (2006) (providing that de novo review applies to issues of law such as statutory interpretation). The ultimate goal of interpreting statutes is to effectuate the Legislature’s intent. Cromer v. Wilson, 126 Nev. 106, 109, 225 P.3d 788, 790 (2010). We interpret clear and
For actions “involving nonresidential construction,” NRS 11.258 requires the complainant’s attorney to file, when the first pleading is served, an affidavit and expert report attesting to a reasonable basis for the action.
Thus, as Converse asserts, because Century and PCS did not submit an NRS 11.258 attorney affidavit and expert report concurrently with the initial pleadings, the amended pleadings against Converse must be dismissed if Converse is a design professional and the claims against it contained in the initial pleadings involved the design, construction, manufacture, repair, or landscaping of the Harmon Tower, which concededly is a new nonresidential building. See Otak, 127 Nev. at 599, 260 P.3d at 411-12. Century and PCS argue that Converse is not a design professional and that their initial pleadings did not involve the design, construction, or manufacture of the Harmon Tower but, rather, involved Converse’s deficient performance and representations about its inspections. We now address whether Century’s and PCS’s initial pleadings constituted actions “involving nonresidential construction” requiring them to comply with the requirements of NRS 11.258.
Century’s and PCS’s initial pleadings involved the construction of a nonresidential building
Under NRS 11.2565(1), an “ ‘[a]ction involving nonresidential construction’ ” is
an action that:
(a) Is commenced against a design professional; and
(b) Involves the design, construction, manufacture, repair or landscaping of a nonresidential building or structure ....
The term includes, without limitation, an action for professional negligence.
Converse is a design professional
A design professional is someone who holds “a professional license or certificate issued pursuant to chapter 623 [Architecture, Interior Design and Residential Design], 623A [Landscape Architects] or 625 [Professional Engineers and Land Surveyors] of NRS or a person primarily engaged in the practice of professional engineering, land surveying, architecture or landscape architecture.” NRS 11.2565(2)(b). Relevant here, “‘[t]he practice of professional engineering’ includes, but is not limited to . . . [a]ny professional service which involves the application of engineering principles and data, such as . . . consultation, investigation, evaluation, planning and design, or responsible supervision of construction . . . wherein the public welfare or the safeguarding of life, health or property is concerned . . . .” NRS 625.050(1)(a). It also includes services that are “necessary to the planning, progress and completion of any engineering project or to the performance of any engineering service.” NRS 625.050(1)(b).
To determine whether Converse is a design professional, we accept the allegations within Century’s and PCS’s pleadings as true. See Buzz Stew, L.L.C. v. City of N. Las Vegas, 124 Nev. 224, 227-28, 181 P.3d 670, 672 (2008) (providing that, in reviewing an order that pertains to a motion to dismiss, we accept the nonmov-ing party’s factual allegations in the complaint as true). PCS alleged that Converse was required to inspect the steel work for irregularities and deficiencies and make certain that the installation of the steel comported with construction plans and specifications. Century alleged that Converse’s services included, but was not
Century’s and PCS’s initial pleadings brought actions involving nonresidential construction against Converse, a design professional, which required Century and PCS to comply with NRS 11.258’s attorney affidavit and expert report requirements. Their failure to comply with these requirements rendered their initial pleadings against Converse void ab initio and, therefore, not subject to cure by amendment. See Otak, 127 Nev. at 599, 260 P.3d at 411-12.
NRS 11.259(1) and the dismissal of Century’s and PCS’s amended pleadings
NRS 11.259(1) provides that the district court “shall dismiss an action involving nonresidential construction” where the complainant fails to comply with NRS 11.258’s attorney affidavit and expert report requirements. In this matter, the disagreement be
Although we often rely on legislative history to resolve statutory ambiguity, State, Div. of Ins. v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., 116 Nev. 290, 294, 995 P.2d 482, 485 (2000), the legislative history behind NRS 11.259(1) does not clarify what the Legislature meant in requiring the dismissal of an “action.” Thus, we resort to other rules of statutory construction. See Cromer v. Wilson, 126 Nev. 106, 109-10, 225 P.3d 788, 790 (2010).
We interpret statutes to “conform[ ] to reason and public policy.” Great Basin Water Network v. State Eng’r, 126 Nev. 187, 196, 234 P.3d 912, 918 (2010). In so doing, we avoid interpretations that lead to absurd results. City Plan Dev., Inc. v. Office of Labor Comm’r, 121 Nev. 419, 435, 117 P.3d 182, 192 (2005). “Whenever possible, [we] will interpret a rule or statute in harmony with other rules or statutes.” State Farm, 116 Nev. at 295, 995 P.2d at 486 (concluding that a statutory ambiguity may be resolved by referring to related statutes); Allianz Ins. Co. v. Gagnon, 109 Nev. 990, 993, 860 P.2d 720, 723 (1993); see also 2B Norman J. Singer & J.D. Shambie Singer, Sutherland Statutory Construction § 51:1, at 183 (7th ed. 2012) (“[Statutes dealing with the same subject as the one being construed . . . are . . . [an] aid . . . [for] interpretation”).
In this instance, considering the way in which the Legislature uses the term “action” in conjunction with other relevant statutes reveals that the term is used synonymously with “pleading.”
Moreover, when litigation includes several parties’ pleadings, it is unreasonable to dismiss all the parties’ pleadings because two parties filed void complaints. Doing so hinders judicial economy by precluding resolution of the causes of action within the pleadings that are free of procedural or substantive defects. We refuse to construe NRS 11.259(1) in a way that reaches this result. As gleaned from the statutory language, the apparent intent of NRS 11.259(1) and NRS 11.258 is to advance judicial economy and prevent frivolous suits against design professionals by requiring a complaint to include an expert report and attorney affidavit regarding the suit’s reasonable basis. In light of this intent, we conclude that the Otak court correctly applied NRS 11.259(1) to require the dismissal of a pleading—not the entire action. Otak Nev., L.L.C. v. Eighth Judicial Dist. Court, 127 Nev. 593, 599, 260 P.3d 408, 409, 411-12 (2011). Accordingly, the district court must dismiss Century’s and PCS’s amended pleadings that pertain to Converse because their initial pleadings against Converse were void ab initio and of no legal effect for the lack of the attorney affidavit and expert report required by NRS 11.258.
CONCLUSION
We grant Converse’s petition for a writ of mandamus to compel the dismissal of the amended pleadings. We direct the clerk of this court to issue a writ of mandamus that instmcts the district court to vacate its orders denying Converse’s motions to dismiss Century’s and PCS’s amended pleadings and to grant these motions by dismissing the amended pleadings that pertain to Converse.
NRS 11.258(2) provides for a late-filed affidavit under certain circumstances not applicable to this case.
Although we generally do not consider matters outside the pleading in reviewing an order denying a motion to dismiss, see Witherow v. State, Bd. of Parole Comm’rs, 123 Nev. 305, 307-08, 167 P.3d 408, 409 (2007), in this matter, where the pleadings explicitly referred to the agreement that governed Converse’s services, the agreement is within the scope of our review. See Beddall v. State St. Bank & Trust Co., 137 F.3d 12, 16-17 (1st Cir. 1998) (providing that, with respect to a motion to dismiss, the district court could consider an agreement that the complaint discussed, that was in the record, and that the parties did not contest as being unauthentic); Branch v. Tunnell, 14 F.3d 449, 454 (9th Cir. 1994) (“[Documents whose contents are alleged in a complaint and whose authenticity no party questions, but which are not physically attached to the pleading, may be considered in ruling on a Rule 12(b)(6) motion to dismiss.”), overruled on other grounds by Galbraith v. Cnty. of Santa Clara, 307 F.3d 1119, 1125-26 (9th Cir. 2002); Greene v. Eighth Judicial Dist. Court, 115 Nev. 391, 393, 990 P.2d 184, 185 (1999) (providing that federal court interpretations of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure are persuasive authority). Also, PCS contests that Converse’s appendices that accompany the petition include documents that were not before the district court. The issues in this petition limit our review to the pleadings and the agreement governing Converse’s services, which were before the district court.
In light of our disposition, we need not address the additional issues that Converse raises in its petition that were premised on the initial pleadings not being deemed void ab initio. Additionally, we have considered the parties’ remaining contentions and conclude that they lack merit.
Reference
- Full Case Name
- In re CITYCENTER CONSTRUCTION AND LIEN MASTER LITIGATION. THE CONVERSE PROFESSIONAL GROUP, dba CONVERSE CONSULTANTS v. THE EIGHTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT OF THE STATE OF NEVADA, in and for THE COUNTY OF CLARK and THE HONORABLE ELIZABETH GOFF GONZALEZ, District Judge, and CENTURY STEEL, INC., and PACIFIC COAST STEEL, Real Parties in Interest
- Cited By
- 17 cases
- Status
- Published