People ex rel. Olcott v. House of Refuge for Women

The question presented on this appeal is whether or 146, c. 546, of the Laws of 1896, constituting a part of the state charities law, has the • effect of repealing section 698 of the Penal Code, as amended by chapter 374 of the Laws of 1896; no express repeal being contained in the former statute. Section 698 of the Penal Code, as amended, provides as follows:

“Any woman over the age of sixteen years, who shall be convicted of a felony in any of the courts of this state, shall, when the sentence imposed is one year or more, be sentenced to imprisonment in the State Prison for Women at Auburn. When the sentence .imposed is less than one year, she shall be committed to the county jail of the county where convicted, or to a penitentiary, or to a house of refuge for women,”

This amendment took effect April 22, 1896. The state charities law, § 146, which took effect October 1,1896, as above amended, reads as follows:

“A female between the ages of twelve and twenty-five years, convicted by any magistrate of petty larceny, habitual drunkenness, of being a common prostitute, of frequenting disorderly houses or houses of prostitution, or of a misdemeanor, and who is not insane, nor mentally or physically incapable of being substantially benefitted by the discipline of either of such institutions, may be sentenced and committed to the House of Refuge for Women, at Hudson, and such females between the ages of fifteen and thirty years, convicted of like offences, may be sentenced and committed to the Western House of Refuge for Women, at Albion, or to the New York State Reformatory for Women, at Bedford. The term of such sentence and commitment shall be five years, but such female may be sooner discharged therefrom by the board of managers. * * *”

_ The section last above quoted is a substantial re-enactment of provisions contained in chapter 704 of the Laws of 1892, in force at the time of the passage of both of the acts under consideration here.

It is urged by the respondent that the section of the Penal Code above referred to was inconsistent with the provisions of the state charities law, and was therefore repealed by the latter statute. An examination of the state charities law shows that, under its provisions, females between the ages of 12 and 25 years, convicted of certain misdemeanors, if not insane, nor mentally or physically incapable of being substantially benefited by the discipline maintained at the institution, may be sentenced to the House of Refuge for Women, at Hudson, for a term of five years, unless sooner discharged therefrom by the board of managers of said institution, while the provisions of section 698 of the Penal Code, as amended, provides that any woman over the age of 16 years, who shall be convicted of a felony, shall, when the sentence imposed is less than one year, be committed to the county jail of the county where convicted, or to a penitentiary, or to a house of refuge for women, but, when the sentence shall be for a longer term, such female must be committed to the state prison, at Auburn. After a careful examination of the two statutes, we have reached the conclusion that no repugnancy or inconsistency exists between them. It is a fundamental principle of construction that repeals by implication are not favored in law, and that if, by any reasonable construction, the two statutes can stand together, they must so stand. Chew Heong v. U. S., 112 U. S. 536-550, 5 Sup. Ct. 255; Mark v. State, 97 N. Y. 572-578; People v. *769Koenig, 9 App. Div. 436, 41 N. Y. Supp. 283. We can see no repugnancy or inconsistency in two statutes, one of which provides that members of a certain class, called “misdemeanants,” may be sentenced to the House of Refuge for Women, at Hudson, while the other provides that persons belonging to another ánd separate class, called “felons,” may be sentenced to the same institution. To quote the language of Miller, J., in Mark v. State, supra, “They both may be considered as one law, embracing separate provisions as to different classes of cases.” But it is claimed by the respondent that it was the probable intent of the legislature, in enacting the state charities law, to exclude from the said refuge all but misdemeanants, whose term of imprisonment depended on good behavior, in order that the inmates of said institution might not be compelled to associate with felons committed on determinate sentences, which, it is claimed, would seriously interfere with the reformatory work carried on therein. We do not perceive that the language of the act indicates any such intention, and we are not at libertv to annul by judicial action a portion of a statute because of some supposed policy of the lawmaking power. Refrigerating Co. v. Sulzberger, 157 U. S. 1-37, 15 Sup. Ct. 508. The remedy must be sought from the legislature, and not from the courts. And especially would such a construction be unwarranted in this case, where it appears by the language of the statute claimed to be repealed that the legislature did make a classification in favor of the refuge, and declared that only those whose misdeeds were sufficiently petty as to require an imprisonment of less than one year could be committed to the institution, while felons guilty of the more heinous crimes, and requiring longer sentences, must be sentenced to the state prison. The above views are strengthened by the fact that, although appended to the state charities law was a schedule of laws repealed thereby, section 698 of the Pengl Code was not included in said schedule. Nor do we think the principle that where the whole of a former law is revised by a new statute, and the latter appears to orescribe the only rule which governs the subject, the particulars of the old law in which they differ are regarded as repealed by implication, applies. Section 146 of the state charities law, while providing that females between the ages of 12 and 25 years, convicted of certain misdemeanors specified in the statute, may be confined in the House of Refuge for Women, at Hudson, does not expressly or impliedly provide that no other class of female convicts shall be imprisoned therein. The statute in question is not a revision of the whole of the former laws. It is not repugnant to section 698 of the Penal Code, and hence does not repeal the latter statute. The view above suggested renders it unnecessary to consider the effect of section 33 of the statutory construction law upon the question under consideration.

We conclude that the order should be reversed, and the motion granted. All concur.