Peter Williams Enterprises, Inc. v. New York State Urban Development Corp.
Opinion of the Court
A CPLR 3211 (a) (1) motion to dismiss a complaint on the ground that a defense is founded on documentary evidence may be appropriately granted where the documentary evidence utterly refutes the plaintiffs allegations, conclusively establishing a defense as a matter of law (see Goshen v Mutual Life Ins. Co. of N.Y., 98 NY2d 314, 326 [2002]; Leon v Martinez, 84 NY2d 83, 88 [1994]). Here, the documentary evidence submitted by the defendants utterly refutes the plaintiffs allegations. Contrary to the plaintiffs contention, considering the subject “Easement Agreement” as a whole (see Bailey v Fish & Neave, 8 NY3d 523, 528 [2007]; South Rd. Assoc., LLC v International Bus. Machs. Corp., 4 NY3d 272, 277 [2005]; Matter of Westmoreland Coal Co. v Entech, Inc., 100 NY2d 352, 358 [2003]), only an easement for air and light, and not an “above-the-plane” fee interest, was conveyed to the plaintiff by the former owner of the property at 24 Sixth Avenue. Moreover, this easement was extinguished when both the dominant and servient parcels came under common ownership, which occurred here when title to both parcels was acquired by eminent domain (see Simone v Heidelberg, 9 NY3d 177, 180-181 [2007]; Will v Gates, 89 NY2d 778, 784 [1997]).
The parties’ remaining contentions either are without merit or need not be reached in light of our determination.
Accordingly, the Supreme Court properly granted the defendants’ separate motions. However, since this is a declaratory judgment action, the matter must be remitted to the Supreme Court, Kings County, for the entry of a judgment declaring that the plaintiff does not own an “above-the-plane” fee interest in the subject property (see Lanza v Wagner, 11 NY2d 317, 334 [1962], appeal dismissed 371 US 74 [1962], cert denied 371 US 901 [1962]). Angiolillo, J.P, Lott, Austin and Cohen, JJ., concur.
Case-law data current through December 31, 2025. Source: CourtListener bulk data.