In re Town of Canaan

The only papers presented on this application are those submitted in behalf of the petitioner. From these papers it appears that the town meeting was held March 18, 1913, and that the notice of the submission of the local option questions was posted in four public places in the town on March 10,1913, eight days before the vote was taken. The question involved arises out of the posting of this notice and the facts are not disputed. The petitioner contends that the vote on the local option questions was improper and *548invalid because of the failure of the town clerk to have the notice posted the full time prescribed by the statute, viz.: ten days before the town meeting.

The respondents contend that the posting of the notice eight days before the town meeting is a substantial compliance with the statute and, in the absence of further reason for resubmission, the application should be denied.

Section 13 of the Liquor Tax Law, respecting. the notice to be given, provides: “The town clerk shall also, at least ten days before the holding of such town meeting or general election, cause to be printed and posted in at least four public places in such town, a notice of the fact that all of the lo6al option questions provided for herein will be voted on at such town meeting or general election; and the said notice shall also be published at least five days before the vote is to be taken, once, in one newspaper published in the county. ’ ’ Another part of the same section provides: “ If for any reason except the failure to file any petition therefor, the four propositions provided to be submitted herein to the electors of a town shall not have been properly submitted at such biennial town meeting, such propositions shall be submitted at a special town meeting duly called. But a special town meeting shall only be called upon filing with the town clerk the petition aforesaid and an order of the supreme or county court, or a justice, or judge thereof, respectively, which may be granted upon eight days’ notice to the state commissioner of excise, sufficient reason being shown therefor.”

It has been held by the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court that a failure of the town clerk to publish a notice of the fact that the local option questions would be voted on at the town meeting, five days before such town meeting, rendered such submis*549sion improper and illegal. Matter of Town of La Fayette, 105 App. Div. 25. Upon the authority of the La Fayette case the Appellate Division of this department held the same proposition in a case arising in the town of Livingston in this county; and in affirming the order of the Appellate Division in the Livingston case the Court of Appeals held that “ the statutory provision requiring notice to be published of the submission of the questions of local option at a town meeting is mandatory.” Matter of Town of Livingston, 120 App. Div. 899; 189 N. Y. 549.

■ Also, it has been held that a failure to post the notices required by the Liquor Tax Law before the submission of the local option questions renders the vote improper and necessitates a resubmission at a special town meeting. In that case the court observed: 61 It is argued that the publication of the notice in the newspapers was sufficient. It may well be that the means taken to bring the matter before the people, and the notice actually given, was more general and gave more publicity to the fact that the proposed submission was to be made, than would the posting of the four notices. But that is.not what the law requires. It provides that the notices shall be posted at least ten days before the meeting. The electors are to have that length of notice, and also in addition, the notice shall be published in one newspaper published in the county, which shall be a newspaper published in the town, if there be one. The former is the principal notice, the latter merely an adjunct or subordinate. * * * It is not a question of actual but of legal notice. It is analogous to the notice required for a judicial sale where both posting and publication are required. Neither can be omitted.” Matter of Powers, 34 Misc. Rep. 636. The Supreme Court has said again, in a case where the notice required by the statute was not posted, “ The *550failure to give notice by posting and publishing is not, therefore, a mere irregularity, but rendered the vote a nullity,” and again, “ The filing of the petition with the town clerk was a necessity, and the ten days ’ notice by that official obligatory.” Matter of Sullivan, 34 Misc. Rep. 598, 602.

It is thus seen that the question presented by a failure to post the notice or to publish the notice required for the submission of the local option questions is not new; but that it has been held repeatedly that such failure nullifies the vote and necessitates a resubmission.

But it was contended upon the argument that the notice in this case was posted in four public places for eight days before the town meeting, and that the notice was published; and, therefore, there was no sufficient reason shown for a resubmission. The Appellate Division of the Supreme Court has already defined what the legislature intended by the expression “ sufficient reason being shown therefor.” In the La Fayette case, supra, it was argued that something more must be shown the court or judge than the failure to publish the notice; that it must be shown that there was not a reasonably full vote on the question, and, if there had been, the result would have been different. But the court met this objection by writing: “It seems to us the true meaning of the language is that the reason to be shown the court or judge is the same reason why-the original submission was improper, and in this case such reason is that the notice was not published in the newpaper. ’ ’ The construction thus placed upon the expression, sufficient reason being shown, is binding upon this court; and this conclusion leads to the final consideration, viz.: is a posting of the notice eight days before the town meeting a legal compliance with the statute requiring the notice to be posted ten days before the town meeting?

*551As above observed, the courts have held repeatedly that the posting of the notice and the publication of the notice were “mandatory,” were a “necessity,” and were “ obligatory; ” and that a failure to give the notice ‘ ‘ rendered the vote a nullity. ’ ’ These decisions were not based upon the theory that the notice actually given was not as general or effective as that prescribed by the statute, but upon the theory that the omission was in contravention of the statute and in disregard of the plain legal requirement. The Liquor Tax Law provides that the electors of a town shall have official notice ten days in length before the local option questions can be submitted to a vote. It is not anticipated in the statute that the town clerk may shorten this time any more than he may omit the notice altogether, either . inadvertently or intentionally. And there is nothing in the act itself or in the rules of construction to warrant a court or judge in giving sanction to such a course, and thus substitute the unauthorized act of the town clerk or the will or opinion of the judge for the plain letter of the law.

It is very much to be regretted that an election must be set aside when no complaint is heard as to the manner in which it was conducted, when there is no intimation that a full and fair vote was not recorded, and when there is no suggestion that the result did not express the deliberate judgment of the people. But ours is a government of laws and not of men; and personal views must yield when not in harmony with the declared law..

The application for a resubmission of the local option questions must be granted, and an order may be entered accordingly.

Application granted.