Black v. Sixth Avenue R. R.

By the Court.

The question whether the de-

fendants are liable to the penalty imposed by the Act óf 1857, has been considered and disposed of in Hoyt v. The same defendants, decided at tire present term".

There is in this case another question—whether the defendants have a right to increase their fare to six cents. It does not appear that the defendants derive their right to run a railroad through the city from the General Eailroad Act, under which they are organized, or from any direct grant of' the Legislature to that effect, so as to bring them within the decision of the Court of Appeals in The People v. Kerr (23 How. R., 258). They appear to have acquired it by a grant from tlie Corporation of the city of New York, afterwards ratified by an act of the Legislature (Laws of 1851, p, 323), and they exercise it, consequently, subject to the conditions which the Corporation imposed. One of these conditions was, that the rate of passage for any distance on the road should not exceed five cents, and they cannot lawfully charge more, unless authorized to do so by some paramount authority. This authority is assumed to have been conferred by the United States Internal Bevenue Act, which imposes a tax of two and a half per cent upon the gross receipts of all railroad Companies, and declares that they shall have the right to add it to their rates of fare. (Laws of the U. S., 1861, p. 286) But the difficulty in the defendants’ case is, that tho rate of fare' to which they are limited *538by the condition imposed by the City Corporation, is so small that it is not possible to add to and collect with it the proportionable amount of the tax, which is about one-eighth of a cent; and to add one cent to the fare of each passenger would he adding and collecting eight times as much as the amount of the tax, for which there is certainly no authority in the Act. All that can he said of the Act is, that it allows the tax to be added to and collected with the fare if it is possible to do so, and that, in this particular case, it is not, as the proportionable amount of the tax is but the fractional part of a cent. It is a maxim of the law that, when anything is granted, all the means to attain it, and the fruits and effects of it, are granted also (Sheppard’s Touchstone, 89). But it would he carrying this maxim too far to hold that because a party is entitled to collect a tax out of the fare of passengers, he may resort to a means by which he collects eight times as much. The defendants may be enabled possibly to devise some other mode-by which the two and a half per cent, maybe obtained, or if they cannot, they must loso ic, for the reason that this particular provision in the statute is not operative in their case.

The plaintiff has so framed his complaint as to entitle him to recover fourteen cents independent of the statute, for excessive fare charged upon different occasions, and judgment should

have been in his favor for that amount.

Cabdozo, J., dissented.

Judgment reversed!