Martin v. United States
Martin v. United States
Opinion of the Court
OPINION
This is a motion pursuant to 28 U.S.C. section 2255, to vacate and set aside petitioner’s conviction on January 12, 1966, upon his plea of guilty to a charge of violation of 26 U.S.C.. section 4744(a). Petitioner originally was indicted for violation of 21 U.S.C. section 176a, which, upon conviction, would have mandated a minimum sentence of five years. He subsequently pled guilty to a superseding information under the marijuana tax statute, section 4744(a), which permitted a sentence of from two to ten years, with discretion in the court to suspend execution thereof. Following petitioner’s guilty plea, sentence was suspended and he was placed on probation for two years. Upon his violation of probation, a two-year sentence was imposed; after serving a part of that sentence, he was released on parole but violated its terms, as a result of which a parole violator’s warrant was issued for his arrest. He left the United States in August 1968 and remained a fugitive until he returned and voluntarily surrendered himself in September 1971 to federal authorities in Nashville, Tennessee. He there pled guilty on October 26, 1971, pursuant to Rule 20(a) of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure, to an indictment returned in this district on a charge of having made a false statement in a passport application. Petitioner served a three-month sentence in jail on the latter charge.
An argument apparently advanced initially, but subsequently disavowed by the government was that the petitioner’s guilty plea was the result of a plea bargain in which the government agreed to dismiss the section 176a indictment in return for the guilty plea to the lesser charge. Having reaped the benefit of the bargain, it is contended, petitioner should be held to it and required to serve the balance of his sentence — in effect, that he waived the privilege.
The claim of prejudice, although not quite clearly articulated, seems to be that “had petitioner filed the instant motion any time prior to July 1970, the
The Leary decision invalidated the statutory presumption of knowledge of unlawful importation based upon proof of possession of marijuana, which knowledge is an essential element of a section 176a violation. The government suggests, however, that at the time of the return of the indictment, it had proof that would have permitted a jury to draw the inference that petitioner knew of the unlawful importation of marijuana. There is, however, no need to pass upon the validity of this claim. The fact that petitioner was “fleeing from justice”
The motion to vacate the judgment of January 12, 1966 is granted.
. 430 F.2d 842 (2d Cir. 1970), cert. denied, 402 U.S. 948, 91 S.Ct. 1614, 29 L.Ed. 2d 118 (1971).
. 395 U.S. 6, 89 S.Ct. 1532, 23 L.Ed.2d 57.
. United States v. Liguori, 430 F.2d 842, 848 (2d Cir. 1970), cert. denied, 402 U.S. 948, 91 S.Ct. 1614, 29 L.Ed.2d 118 (1971).
. While the court in Liguori noted that the petitioner there filed his motion within four months of the Leary decision, the significance, if any, of that fact was not explicated.
. While the Assistant United States Attorney then in charge of the case is apparently unable to shed any light on the factual circumstances in regard to the alleged plea bargain, it is acknowledged that it was the practice of the United States Attorney’s office in this district in such oases to represent to a defendant that upon waiver of indictment and plea of guilty to a superseding information, an indictment charging a more serious offense would be dismissed. It also appears, however, that the superseding information was agreed upon in this case in consideration of matters other than the prosecution giving up its right to proceed under the indictment charging the § 176a violation.
. 402 U.S. 939, 91 S.Ct. 1633, 29 L.Ed.2d 107 (1971).
. 429 F.2d 148 (1970). See, however, Smedberg v. United States, 448 F.2d 401 (5th Cir. 1971), where a pre-Leary guilty plea was held a knowing waiver of the defense in view of the fact that the trial judge advised the defendant of its possible availability in light of Supreme Court decisions that foreshadowed Leary.
. 18 U.S.C. § 3290.
. See Minor v. United States, 396 U.S. 87, 90 S.Ct. 284, 24 L.Ed.2d 283 (1969).
Reference
- Full Case Name
- Jack William MARTIN v. United States
- Cited By
- 2 cases
- Status
- Published