Buzzi v. United States
Buzzi v. United States
Opinion of the Court
Buzzi was tried before this Court in April, 1982, on charges of mail fraud and wire fraud.
BACKGROUND
Buzzi, in May and June of 1979, was a salesman for International Metals Exchange, Ltd. (IME), a commodities “boiler-room.” As an IME salesman, Buzzi placed telephone calls to potential customers throughout the United States, seeking to induce them to purchase “deferred delivery contracts” for gold and silver. Actually, what he was selling was no more than an option to buy gold and silver. Buzzi employed high pressure sales tactics and outright lies to convince unsophisticated inves
Government witnesses testified at defendant’s trial to the details of the IME scam. IME’s customers were crassly characterized by the IME salesmen as “jerks,” “suckers,” or “peasants.”
Approximately two years after his conviction
This Court denied Buzzi’s motion on several grounds. First, the newly discovered evidence did not undermine the grounds upon which Buzzi was convicted. The indictment had not charged him with selling “naked options,” but instead had listed, with great detail, numerous examples of Buzzi having committed fraud on his customers by making false and misleading misrepresentations to them. The defense put in substantial evidence that IME had “covered” its sales to customers by making contracts with metals wholesalers.
Second, it is dubious that the offered evidence was in the government’s possession at the time of trial. The documents dealt with three separate metal wholesalers. The first set, (the Bernstein documents) first became available to the government pursuant to a grand jury subpoena in a related case. This subpoena was issued six months after Buzzi’s trial had concluded. Indeed, the prosecutor who conducted the government’s case against Buzzi affirmed that he never saw any of the documents before or after Buzzi’s trial.
Third, none of the documents mention Buzzi or are related to any of the schemes he perpetrated while at IME. Both the Bernstein documents and the second set (the New Era documents) deal exclusively with matters which were completed before Buzzi ever came to work for IME. The third set of documents (the Cohn documents) did contain references to several transactions which occurred during Buzzi’s tenure. However, these related to purchases of gold coins by Buzzi’s employer to reward his salesmen, not to contracts covering options sold to IME’s customers.
THE PRESENT MOTION
Buzzi now seeks to challenge his conviction again. Initially, this Court notes that the showing Buzzi must make to collaterally attack his conviction is significantly higher than even that burden he failed to meet when he directly appealed his conviction.
Two of Buzzi’s three claims
The Supreme Court has established a two-pronged test to decide if a defendant was denied this constitutional right at trial. First, defendant must show that, in light of all the circumstances, the attorney’s conduct was so deficient that it was outside the wide range of professionally competent assistance. Second, defendant must further show a reasonable probability that, but for his attorney’s poor performance, the result of the proceeding would have been different.
Buzzi’s showing fails both prongs of the constitutional test. First, if, as seems likely, the government did not even possess these documents before Buzzi’s trial, counsel’s failure to obtain them can hardly constitute professional incompetence. Even assuming arguendo that the documents were available if counsel had requested them, it is arguable whether a reasonably competent counsel would even have offered them in evidence. As discussed above, the materiality of the documents was highly dubious. In fact, when Buzzi’s superior was tried on the same facts a few months after Buzzi, his counsel did not offer this evidence, even though he had it in his possession.
Second, even if we ignore reality and call Buzzi’s counsel’s failure to obtain the documents incompetent, there is no reasonable likelihood that, even if he had offered the documents, that the result of Buzzi’s trial would have been different. As discussed above, the jury convicted Buzzi of fraud despite evidence that IME had covered its contracts. The documents to which Buzzi refers would merely reiterate that contention. In the view of this Court, which presided at the trial, such evidence would not have changed the jury’s verdict that Buzzi’s lying to his customers for his own benefit constituted fraud.
Buzzi’s second claim is that the government intentionally withheld these documents from him in violation of its duty to reveal, upon defendant’s demand, material and exculpatory items which are in its possession.
The documents offered by Buzzi represent cumulative evidence of an irrelevant defense. Even if the government had these documents in its possession, and even if Buzzi offered them into evidence, there is no reasonable likelihood that the verdict would have been different, for the reasons previously discussed.
Buzzi’s final claim is that the Court imposed an illegal sentence upon him because the five-year period of probation did not provide a specific time of commencement. This Court ordered that Buzzi be placed on probation for a five-year period, that period to begin after his imprisonment and parole, on other counts, .was completed. Buzzi has offered no cases which suggest there is anything improper about such a sentence.
In his argument on this point, Buzzi, citing the federal probation statute,
Second, Buzzi appears to have misread the statute. The statute states that the period of probation shall not exceed five years. No period of probation applied to Buzzi exceeded five years. His reference to “split-sentence” cases
CONCLUSION
The Court finds that “the motion and the files and records of the case conclusively show that the prisoner is entitled to no relief.”
So Ordered
. 18 U.S.C. §§ 1341, 1343, 2.
. 28 U.S.C § 2255 provides, in relevant part: A prisoner in custody under sentence of a court established by Act of Congress claiming the right to be released upon the ground that the sentence was imposed in violation of the Constitution or laws of the United States, or that the court was without jurisdiction to impose such sentence, or that the sentence was in excess of the maximum authorized by law, or is otherwise subject to collateral attack, may move the court which imposed the sentence to vacate, set aside or correct the sen-tence____ Unless the motion and the files and records of the case conclusively show that the prisoner is entitled to no relief, the court shall ... grant a prompt hearing thereon.
. Many of the issues presented by this motion were raised in Buzzi’s previous motion before this Court, pursuant to Rule 33 of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure, for a retrial. That motion was denied by published opinion, which should be consulted for greater detail as to the factual background of this case. See United States v. Buzzi, 588 F.Supp. 1395 (S.D.N.Y. 1984).
. Trial Transcript, p. 705.
. Buzzi’s appealed his conviction to the Second Circuit, which affirmed the verdict by an unpublished opinion filed on December 15, 1982. 714 F.2d 118.
. The defense called William Ranney, the principal of IME, who clearly testified that IME had backed its contracts. (Tr. 552, 879, 887).
. Tr. 1156.
. Aff. of K. Chris Todd, pp 4-5. Mr. Todd was the Assistant United States Attorney who handled the Rule 33 motion before this Court; his affidavit, dated July 24, 1984, was filed pursuant to that matter.
. United States v. Addonizio, 442 U.S. 178, 184 & n. 11, 99 S.Ct. 2235, 2239 & n. 11, 60 L.Ed.2d 805 (1979).
. Hill v. United States, 368 U.S. 424, 428, 82 S.Ct. 468, 471, 7 L.Ed.2d 417 (1962).
. Addonizio, 442 U.S. at 186, 99 S.Ct. at 2240.
. Buzzi includes a fourth theory in his motion: that "the indictment was multiplicitous in that it charged the same offenses in more than one count.” However, no further mention is made of this claim in Buzzi’s 8-page Memorandum of Law. This Court declines to try to piece together a claim from this one sentence.
. Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687-694, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 2064-2068, 80 L.Ed.2d 674 (1984).
. Government’s Memorandum in Opposition to Defendant’s Rule 33 Post-Trial Motion, July 19, 1984, at 2.
. See Brady v. Maryland, 373 U.S. 83, 83 S.Ct. 1194, 10 L.Ed.2d 215 (1963); United States v. Agurs, 427 U.S. 97, 96 S.Ct. 2392, 49 L.Ed.2d 342 (1976); Ostrer v. United States, 577 F.2d 782, 786 (2d Cir. 1979), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1115, 99 S.Ct. 1018, 59 L.Ed.2d 73 (1979).
. Agurs, 427 U.S. at 103-04, 96 S.Ct. at 2397. The standard of materiality varies, depending on the specificity of the demand made by defendant and on whether the government knowingly used perjured testimony. Ostrer, 577 F.2d at 786. However, this court will not split hairs by judging the evidence under the various standards of materiality. Even under the strictest test, applied above, the documents Buzzi offered were not material.
. 18 U.S.C. § 3651.
. See, e.g., United States v. Nunez, 573 F.2d 769 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 436 U.S. 930, 98 S.Ct. 2828, 56 L.Ed.2d 774 (1978).
. 28 U.S.C. § 2255.
Reference
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- Stephen R. BUZZI v. United States
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- Published