Northwestern National Insurance v. Insco, Ltd.
Northwestern National Insurance v. Insco, Ltd.
Opinion of the Court
OPINION AND ORDER
I. INTRODUCTION
On October 3, 2011, this Court issued an Opinion and Order (the “Opinion”) granting Northwestern National Insurance Company’s (“NNIC”) motion to disqualify Freeborn & Peters LLP (“Freeborn”) from further representing Insco, Ltd. (“Insco”) in a pending arbitration.
The facts in this case are fully laid out in the Opinion and can be summarized briefly. NNIC and Insco are parties to an arbitration that began in June 2009 regarding a reinsurance agreement.
On February 11, 2011, with the arbitration ongoing, Diamond shared 182 pages of private e-mail communications between panel members — approximately 130 emails in total — with Freeborn.
Insco appointed a replacement arbitrator for Diamond, and at the next organizational meeting on June 15, 2011, NNIC complained about the panel e-mails in Insco’s possession.
On June 20, 2011, the panel issued Interim Order 12 (the “Order”).
NNIC then moved in this Court to disqualify Freeborn because it had inappropriately obtained intrapanel e-mails.
III. LEGAL STANDARD
Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 8(a)(1) provides that “[a] party must ordinarily move first in the district court for ... a stay of the judgment or order of a district court pending appeal.” “The authority to grant stays has historically been justified by the perceived need ‘to prevent irreparable injury to the parties or to the public’ pending review.”
However, a stay “ ‘is not a matter of right, even if irreparable injury might otherwise result to the appellant.’ ”
IV. DISCUSSION
Insco argues that all four factors weigh in favor of a stay and that “the public policy concerns alone warrant granting a stay.”
A. Insco Is Not Likely to Súcceed on the Merits
The first factor, success on the merits, weighs against the grant of a stay here. Insco advances two arguments as to why it is likely to succeed on the merits: (1) this Court lacks subject matter jurisdiction to have entertained the motion to disqualify, and (2) the Opinion involves an issue of first impression for which there is no legal basis. However, Insco’s arguments fail to show a strong likelihood of success on the merits.
1. Insco Is Not Likely to Succeed Based on Subject Matter Jurisdiction
Insco is correct that on appeal, a court may consider the issue of subject matter jurisdiction even if it was not challenged in the district court.
2. Insco Is Not Likely to Succeed Based on Novelty
Insco next argues that the Opinion “represents a new and unprecedented involvement in private arbitration by a federal district court.”
Insco further claims that the Opinion “raises a host of novel issues that necessarily impact the conduct of reinsurance arbitrations in general, the permissible scope and nature of ex parte communications in those arbitrations, the legal and ethical obligations of arbitrators, and the legal and ethical obligations of lawyers to their clients when those lawyers learn of possible misconduct.”
B. Irreparable Harm
The second prong weighs in Insco’s favor. Courts in this district have long acknowledged “that disqualification has an immediate adverse effect on the client by separating him from counsel of his choice.”
C. Prejudice to NNIC
The third prong weighs against granting the stay here. While it is true that NNIC may still proceed with the arbitration if Freeborn is allowed to represent Insco, and that NNIC can always request a stay of the arbitration, granting a stay would tend to punish NNIC. First, if NNIC requested a stay it would be unable to proceed with the arbitration that it initiated.
The public interest factors here do not support the grant of a stay. Insco argues that the public interest here weighs overwhelmingly in favor of a stay because of the public policy concerns involved in (1) allowing parties to be represented by counsel of their choice; (2) allowing arbitrators to expose bias and misconduct; and (3) promoting the free flow of ex parte communications with party arbitrators. These reasons fail to justify the grant of a stay here because (1) they are not public consequences of the Opinion, and (2) they are mostly duplicative of Insco’s arguments concerning the other three prongs of the stay test.
1. Insco’s Public Interest Factors Do Not Affect the Public
The public interest factor must address the consequences of a court’s order above and beyond the hardship that the order immediately imposes on the parties before the court.
Here, however, Insco does not focus on the Opinion’s consequences to the public, but rather on the way in which Insco believes that the Opinion would serve as bad precedent. For instance, Insco argues that in addition to causing hardship to Insco, the Opinion will limit other parties’ abilities in the future to be represented by counsel of their choice and will have chilling effects on reinsurance arbitrations. Insco further expresses concern that after the Opinion, arbitrators can no longer “speak out and reveal corruption.”
In any event, the holding of the Opinion is narrower than Insco argues. The Opinion was specifically addressed to the situation in which a party — Insco—obtained panel e-mails that the panel asserted were for the use of panel members only. For the same reason that there appear to have
2. Insco’s Concerns Relate to Its Own Irreparable Harm
Insco additionally argues that the public interest favors a stay here because it will be difficult for Insco to bring a new attorney up-to-speed on the arbitration, and it will vindicate Diamond’s action in disclosing e-mails that allegedly showed Nergaard’s bias.
Finally, while there is always a strong public interest in moving a case along quickly toward a final disposition,
Y. CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, defendant’s motion is denied. The Clerk of the Court is directed to close this motion [Docket No, 50] and this case is to remain closed.
SO ORDERED.
. See Northwestern Nat’l Ins. Co. v. Insco, Ltd., No. 11 Civ. 1124, 2011 WL 4552997 (S.D.N.Y. Oct. 3, 2011).
. See id. at * 1.
. See id.
. See id.
. See id. at *2.
. See id.
. See id.
. See id.
. See id.; see also 12/10/10 11:53 p.m. E-mail "RE: Panel Disclosures,” Ex. 10 to 3/4/11 Declaration of Robin C. Dusek, counsel for Insco, in Support of Insco's Opposition to NNIC’s Petition to Appoint an Arbitrator, in Northwestern Nat’l Ins. Co., No. 11 Civ. 1124, Dkt. No. 15 (submitting an e-mail disclosed by Diamond as an exhibit to this Court); Northwestern Nat’l hrs. Co. v. Insco, Ltd., No. 11 Civ. 1124, 2011 WL 1833303 (S.D.N.Y. May 12, 2011) (denying NNIC's motion to appoint an arbitrator).
. See Northwestern Nat’l Ins. Co., 2011 WL 4552997, at *2.
. See id. at *3.
. Id. (quoting 6/15/11 Organizational Meeting Transcript, Ex. 1 to 7/21/11 Declaration of Matthew C. Ferlazzo, counsel for NNIC, ("Ferlazzo Deck”) at 156:20-25).
. See id.
. See id.
. Id. (quoting 6/30/11 Interim Order 12 (the "Order”), Ex. 7 to Ferlazzo Deck).
. Id. (quoting Order).
. Id. The panel refused to consider what if any sanctions were warranted by Freeborn’s involvement in obtaining panel e-mails. See id. at *6 (''[r]he panel simply stated ‘it’s not really a panel issue.' ”).
. See id. at *4.
. See id. at *5-7.
. See Northwestern Nat’l Ins. Co. v. Insco, Ltd., No. 11 Civ. 1124, 2011 WL 5516973 (S.D.N.Y. Nov. 9, 2011).
. See Northwestern Nat’l Ins. Co. v. Insco, Ltd., No. 11 Civ. 1124, 2011 WL 5574953 (S.D.N.Y. Nov. 15, 2011).
. See 10/31/11 Memorandum of Law in Support of Insco’s Motion for Stay of the Court’s Opinion ("Def. Mem.”) at 1.
. Nken v. Holder, 556 U.S. 418, 432, 129 S.Ct. 1749, 173 L.Ed.2d 550 (2009) (quoting Scripps-Howard Radio v. F.C.C., 316 U.S. 4, 9, 62 S.Ct. 875, 86 L.Ed. 1229 (1942)).
. Jock v. Sterling Jewelers, Inc., 738 F.Supp.2d 445, 447 (S.D.N.Y. 2010) (quotation marks omitted).
. Nken, 556 U.S. at 433, 129 S.Ct. 1749 (quoting Virginian Ry. Co. v. United States, 272 U.S. 658, 672, 47 S.Ct. 222, 71 L.Ed. 463 (1926)).
. United States v. Private Sanitation Indus. Ass’n of Nassau/Suffolk, Inc., 44 F.3d 1082, 1084 (2d Cir. 1995) ("A party seeking a stay of a lower court’s order bears a difficult burden.”).
. Nken, 556 U.S. at 434, 129 S.Ct. 1749 (quoting Hilton v. Braunskill, 481 U.S. 770, 776, 107 S.Ct. 2113, 95 L.Ed.2d 724 (1987)). Accord In re World Trade Ctr. Disaster Site Litig., 503 F.3d 167, 170 (2d Cir. 2007); Mohammed v. Reno, 309 F.3d 95, 100 (2d Cir. 2002).
. In re World Trade Ctr. Disaster Site Litig., 503 F.3d at 170 (quoting Thapa v. Gonzales, 460 F.3d 323, 334 (2d Cir. 2006)).
. Jock, 738 F.Supp.2d at 447 (quoting Nlcen, 556 U.S. at 433, 129 S.Ct. 1749).
. Def. Mem. at 4.
. See NNIC’s Memorandum of Law in Opposition to Insco's Motion for Stay ("PL Mem.") at 1 ("[A] stay would mean in effect that NNIC lost its motion to disqualify Freeborn.”).
. See Fun-Damental Too, Ltd. v. Gemmy Indus. Corp., 111 F.3d 993, 1006 (2d Cir. 1997); see also Local 377, RWDSU, UFCW v. 1864 Tenants Ass’n, 533 F.3d 98, 99 (2d Cir. 2008) ("[T]he federal courts are under an independent obligation to examine their own jurisdiction.”) (quotation marks omitted).
. Durant, Nichols, Houston, Hodgson & Cortese-Costa P.C. v. Dupont, 565 F.3d 56, 63 (2d Cir. 2009). Accord Moses H. Cone Mem’l Hosp. v. Mercury Constr. Corp., 460 U.S. 1, 25 n. 32, 103 S.Ct. 927, 74 L.Ed.2d 765 (1983) ("The Arbitration Act is something of an anomaly in the field of federal-court jurisdiction. It creates a body of federal substantive law establishing and regulating the duty to honor an agreement to arbitrate, yet it does not create any independent federal-question jurisdiction.”).
. Def. Mem. at 7.
. See 2/18/11 NNIC’s Petition to Appoint an Arbitrator, No. 11 Civ. 1124, Dkt. No. 1.
. See PL Mem. at 10.
. See Karsner v. Lothian, 532 F.3d 876, 883 (D.C.Cir. 2008) (" '[T]he amount in controversy in a petition to compel arbitration or appoint an arbitrator is determined by the underlying cause of action that would be arbitrated.’ ”) (quoting Jumara v. State Farm Ins. Co., 55 F.3d 873, 877 (3d Cir. 1995)); see also Webb v. Investacorp, Inc., 89 F.3d 252, 256 (5th Cir. 1996); Manze v. State Farm Ins. Co., 817 F.2d 1062, 1067-68 (3d Cir. 1987) (citing Davenport v. Procter & Gamble Mfg. Co., 241 F.2d 511 (2d Cir. 1957)); R.C. Spenceley, Inc. v. Topa Ins. Co., Civ. No. 2010-115, 2011 WL 3742181, at *4 (D.Vi. Aug. 24, 2011) ("Here, in assessing the amount-in-controversy, the Court ... looks beyond the ‘initial step’ of the issue of the selection of an umpire.”); Brean Murray, Carret & Co. LLC v. Comette, No. 07 Civ. 2381, 2007 WL 1789118, at *1 (S.D.N.Y. June 20, 2007); MJR Int’l, Inc. v. American Arbitration Ass'n, No. 06 Civ. 0937, 2007 WL 1101250, at *2 (S.D.Ohio Apr. 11, 2007) (”[T]he correct way to value most claims relating to arbitration proceedings is to do so with reference to the amount at stake in the arbitration.”); Maxons Restorations, Inc. v. Newman, 292 F.Supp.2d 477, 481-83 (S.D.N.Y. 2003). Cf. San Carlo Opera Co. v. Conley, 72 F.Supp. 825, 829 (S.D.N.Y. 1946), aff'd, 163 F.2d 310 (2d Cir. 1947) (relying on the amount in controversy in the underlying arbitration in an attempt to establish diversity jurisdiction in connection with a motion to disqualify an arbitrator).
. See, e.g., 2/18/11 NNIC's Memorandum of Law in Support of Its Petition to Appoint an Arbitrator, No. 11 Civ. 1124, Dkt. No. 4, at 4-5.
. This Court has previously relied on diversity jurisdiction to consider a motion to disqualify counsel in an arbitration. See Employers Ins. Co. of Wausau v. Munich Reinsurance Am., Inc., No. 10 Civ. 3558, 2011 WL 1873123, at *1 (S.D.N.Y. May 16, 2011).
. Def. Mem. at 10.
. See 8/2/11 Pre-Motion Conference at 4:16-18 (noting that "it may [be that] the facts are sui generis. It may be there is no reported case about an attorney having access to the communications among the arbitration panel.”).
. See Munich Reinsurance Am., Inc. v. ACE Prop. & Cas. Ins. Co., 500 F.Supp.2d 272, 275-76 (S.D.N.Y. 2007) (holding that the court rather than arbitrators determines issues of attorney disqualification in arbitration); Yardis Corp. v. Levine, No. 89 Civ. 8794, 1991 WL 3535, at *2 (E.D.Pa. Jan. 11, 1991) ("The district courts have inherent authority to enforce professional rules of conduct.... The rules of professional responsibility are applicable in arbitration proceedings. Courts in Pennsylvania and New York have applied such rules in compulsory court-annexed arbitration hearings and in private contractual commercial arbitration hearings.”) (citing Gwertzman v. Gwertzman, Pfeffer, Tokar & Lefkowitz, No. 87 Civ. 6824, 1988 WL 138149 (S.D.N.Y. Dec. 12, 1988) (disqualifying counsel from representing a party in arbitration based on New York Code of Professional Responsibility)). Cf. Bidermann Indus. Licensing v. Avmar N.V., 173 A.D.2d 401, 570 N.Y.S.2d 33, 33 (1st Dep't 1991) (holding that state courts can disqualify counsel in an arbitration).
. See, e.g., Hempstead Video, Inc. v. Incorporated Vill. of Valley Stream, 409 F.3d 127, 132 (2d Cir. 2005).
. Ceramco, Inc. v. Lee Pharm., 510 F.2d 268, 271 (2d Cir. 1975).
. Contrast e.g., Jock, 738 F.Supp.2d at 447 ("[P]laintiffs’ appeal presents an issue of first impression that relates to the application of a newly minted rule by a sharply divided Supreme Court ... which reversed the contrary rule that the Second Circuit previously set forth in that case.”) (emphasis added).
. Def. Mem. at 5 (emphasis in original).
. See Northwestern Nat’l Ins. Co., 2011 WL 4552997, at *7 ("I understand and appreciate that ex parte feedback from party-appointed arbitrators regarding the arbitration panel's view of the facts and issues can help the parties narrow the issues in dispute, focus on the evidence and arguments the arbitrators are most interested in, and reach a negotiated settlement.”) (quotation marks omitted.).
. See Order; see also Northwestern Nat’l Ins. Co., 2011 WL 4552997, at *7 (noting the Court's agreement with the arbitration panel that disclosure and use of private panel emails was inappropriate).
. See Northwestern Nat'l Ins. Co., 2011 WL 5574953, at *3.
. See Order (giving the parties time to "make appropriate motions before a court”).
. Board of Educ. of City of NY. v. Nyquist, 590 F.2d 1241, 1246 (2d Cir. 1979).
. Def. Mem. at 11.
. See id.; PI. Mem. at 17-18.
. Insco may, of course, move for an expedited appeal, see Fed. R.App. P. 2 ("On its own or a party’s motion, a court of appeals may— to expedite its decision or for other good cause — suspend any provision of these rules in a particular case and order proceedings as it directs.”). I do not understand why Insco has allegedly stated that it will not pursue this option. See PI. Mem. at 16. However, requiring NNIC to request a stay from the arbitration panel pending appeal, as Insco suggests, would unfairly delay a resolution, something NNIC presumably desires.
. Moreover, NNIC claims to be "a company in rehabilitation” that emphasizes the need for the arbitration to continue expeditiously— although I note, without apportioning the blame, that the arbitration until now has been anything but expeditious. PL Mem. at 15.
. I also cannot understand Insco’s argument that there will be no prejudice because it has offered to "pay NNIC 100% of the amounts claimed to be owed.” Def. Mem. at 12; Pl. Mem. at 17 (denying such an offer). If that was indeed the case, it is curious that the parties are still in arbitration.
. See Natural Res. Def. Council, Inc. v. Winter, 502 F.3d 859, 863 (9th Cir. 2007) (citing Hilton, 481 U.S. at 776, 107 S.Ct. 2113); see also Greenidge v. Allstate Ins. Co., No. 02 Civ. 9796, 2003 WL 22871905, at *3 (S.D.N.Y. Dec. 3, 2003) ("[T]he public interest is not implicated in this case, which is a purely private litigation.”).
. See Brady v. National Football League, 640 F.3d 785, 794 (8th Cir. 2011) (noting public interest in permitting professional football to be played in 2011); Natural Res. Def. Council, Inc., 502 F.3d at 864 (noting that a stay on an injunction would directly affect the ability of the U.S. Navy to conduct training); Citizens for Responsibility & Ethics in Wash. v. Office of Admin., 593 F.Supp.2d 156, 165 (D.D.C. 2009) (noting that a stay would directly affect whether certain documents would remain available to be released later under FOIA); see also In re World Trade Ctr. Disaster Site Litig., 503 F.3d at 170-71 (noting public interest in having plaintiffs collect during their lifetimes); Hirschfeld v. Board of Elections in City of NY., 984 F.2d 35, 39 (2d Cir. 1993) (noting public interest in plaintiff’s name appearing on the ballot in a public election).
. Def. Mem. at 15. Of note, however, my holding was simply that parties may not "obtain panel deliberations before the close of the arbitration.” Northwestern Nat’l Ins. Co., 2011 WL 4552997, at *8. The FAA is the appropriate avenue by which a party may challenge an arbitration award through allegations of bias after the proceeding. See id. Arbitrators may also seek out ways to report gross misconduct during an arbitration proceeding that does not involve disclosing panel e-mails to the arbitrating parties.
. See Def. Mem. at 14-15.
. See Jock, 738 F.Supp.2d at 449.
. Cf In re Genesis Health Ventures, Inc., 367 B.R. 516, 522 (Bankr.D.Del. 2007) (holding that it is not in the public interest "to compel parties to go through the expense of preparing a case for trial when all of that preparation could be rendered moot by a reversal on an interlocutory appeal.’’).
Reference
- Full Case Name
- NORTHWESTERN NATIONAL INSURANCE COMPANY v. INSCO, LTD.
- Cited By
- 5 cases
- Status
- Published