Feldman v. Sanders Legal Group
Feldman v. Sanders Legal Group
Opinion of the Court
OPINION AND ORDER
Plaintiff, Chaim Feldman, commenced this action against Defendants Sanders Legal Group (“Defendant” or “SLG”), John Doe 1-10 and XYZ Inc [sic] 1-10 (“Defendants”), alleging violations of the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act, 15 U.S.C. §§ 1692 et seq. (“FDCPA” or the “Act”) and Section 349 of the New York General Business Law, and state law claims for intentional infliction of emotional distress, invasion of privacy and defamation. Doc. 1 (“Compl.”) ¶¶ 15-42. Before the Court is SLG’s Motion for Summary Judgment seeking dismissal of Plaintiffs Complaint in its entirety pursuant to Fed.R.Civ.P. 56. Doc. 18. For the reasons set forth below, Defendant’s Motion is GRANTED in full.
I. Background
Plaintiff alleges that Defendants violated numerous provisions of sections 1692b, 1692c, 1692d and 1692e of the FDCPA,
Defendant argues that it is entitled to summary judgment on Plaintiffs FDCPA claim because, inter alia, there is no evidence in the record demonstrating that it is a debt collector or that it undertook any of the telephone communications alleged in the Complaint.
A. Factual Background
The following facts are undisputed.
SLG entered into a contract with Global Debt Collections, a third party company that is not a party to this action. Pl.’s 56.1 Stmt. ¶ 1. On August 16, 2010, Defendant processed a credit card payment from Plaintiff in the amount of $1, 245.99, which was confirmed on August 17, 2010. Def.’s 56.1 Stmt. ¶ 20 (citing Def.’s 56.1 Stmt. Ex. C). Defendant mailed confirmation of the payment and a copy of the transaction receipt to Plaintiff. Id. ¶ 21 (citing Def.’s 56.1 Stmt. Ex. D); Pl.’s 56.1 Stmt. ¶ 4. The confirmation sent by Defendant is the only communication between Plaintiff and Defendant in the record. Def.’s 56.1 Stmt. Ex. D.
II. Legal Standard Governing Motions for Summary Judgment
Summary judgment is only appropriate where the “materials in the record, including depositions, documents, electronically stored information, affidavits or declarations, stipulations (including those made for purposes of the motion only), admissions, interrogatory answers, [and] other materials” show “that there is no genuine dispute as to any material fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” Fed.R.Civ.P. 56(a), 56(c). “An issue of fact is ‘genuine’ if the evidence is such that a reasonable jury could return a verdict for the non-moving party.” Senno v. Elmsford Union Free Sch. Dist., 812 F.Supp.2d 454, 467 (S.D.N.Y. 2011) (citing SCR Joint Venture L.P. v. Warshawsky, 559 F.3d 133, 137 (2d Cir. 2009)). A fact is “material” if it might affect the outcome of the litigation under the governing law. Osberg v. Foot Locker, Inc., 907 F.Supp.2d 527, 532, 2012 WL 6062542, at *4 (citing Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, 477 U.S. 242, 248, 106 S.Ct. 2505, 91 L.Ed.2d 202 (1986)).
The party moving for summary judgment is first responsible for demonstrating the absence of any genuine issue of material fact. Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 323, 106 S.Ct. 2548, 91 L.Ed.2d 265 (1986); see also Atl. Mut. Ins. Co. v. CSX Lines, L.L.C., 432 F.3d 428, 433 (2d Cir. 2005). “When the burden of proof at trial would fall on the nonmoving party, it ordinarily is sufficient for the movant to point to a lack of evidence to go to the trier of fact on an essential element of the nonmovant’s claim.” Cordiano v. Metacon Gun Club, Inc., 575 F.3d 199, 204 (2d Cir. 2009) (citing Celotex Corp., 477 U.S. at 322-23, 106 S.Ct. 2548); see also Fed. R.Civ.P. 56(c)(1)(B). The burden then shifts to the non-moving party to come forward with admissible evidence sufficient to support each essential element of the claim, and “designate specific facts showing that there is a genuine issue for trial.” Celotex Corp., 477 U.S. at 324, 106 S.Ct. 2548 (internal quotation marks omitted); see also Cordiano, 575 F.3d at 204.
In deciding a motion for summary judgment, the Court must “ ‘construe the facts in the light most favorable to the non-moving party and must resolve all ambiguities and draw all reasonable inferences against the movant.’ ” Brod v. Omya, Inc., 653 F.3d 156, 164 (2d Cir. 2011) (quoting Williams v. R.H. Donnelley, Corp., 368 F.3d 123, 126 (2d Cir. 2004)). However, in opposing a motion for summary judgment, the non-moving party may not rely on unsupported assertions, conjecture or surmise. Goenaga v. March of Dimes Birth Defects Found., 51 F.3d 14, 18 (2d Cir. 1995). A motion for summary judgment cannot be defeated on the basis of conclusory assertions, mere denials or unsupported alternative explanations of facts.
“Summary judgment is properly granted when the non-moving party ‘fails to make a showing sufficient to establish the existence of an element essential to that party’s case, and on which that party will bear the burden of proof at trial.’ ” Abramson v. Pataki 278 F.3d 93, 101 (2d Cir. 2002) (quoting Celotex Corp., 477 U.S. at 322, 106 S.Ct. 2548). In that situation, there can be no “genuine dispute as to any material fact,” since a failure of proof on an essential element of the non-moving party’s case “necessarily renders all other facts immaterial.” Celotex Corp., 477 U.S. at 322-23, 106 S.Ct. 2548.
III. Plaintiffs FDCPA Claim
A. Legal Standard
Congress enacted the FDCPA in 1977 in order to “eliminate abusive debt collection practices by debt collectors, [and] to insure that those debt collectors who refrain from using abusive debt collection practices are not competitively disadvantaged.... ” 15 U.S.C. § 1692(e). The FDCPA “grants a private right of action to a consumer who receives a communication that violates the Act.” Jacobson v. Healthcare Fin. Servs. Inc., 516 F.3d 85, 91 (2d Cir. 2008) (citing 15 U.S.C. § 1692k). However, a defendant can only be held liable for violating the FDCPA if he is a “debt collector” within the meaning of the Act. Daros v. Chase Manhattan Bank, 19 Fed.Appx. 26, 27 (2d Cir. 2001); see also Ellis v. Solomon and Solomon, P.C., 591 F.3d 130, 134 (2d Cir. 2010) (same); 15 U.S.C. §§ 1692b, 1692c, 1692d, 1692e (addressing activities of “debt collectors”). Subject to certain exceptions not applicable here, the FDCPA defines “debt collector” as “any person who uses any instrumentality of interstate commerce or the mails in any business the principal purpose of which is the collection of any debts, or who regularly collects or attempts to collect, directly or indirectly, debts owed or due or asserted to be owed or due another.” 15 U.S.C. § 1692a(6); see also Goldstein v. Hutton, Ingram, Yuzek, Gainen, Carroll & Bertolotti, 374 F.3d 56, 60-63 (2d Cir. 2004) (interpreting the statutory definition).
The plaintiff in an FDCPA action bears the burden of proving that the defendant is a “debt collector” within the meaning of the Act. Goldstein, 374 F.3d at 60. Thus, in responding to Defendant’s motion for summary judgment, Plaintiff was required to come forward with evidence sufficient to support a determination that Defendant is a “debt collector” as defined by the FDCPA. Id. at 60-61.
B. Discussion
Defendant has submitted admissible evidence in the form of an affidavit from Keith Sanders, the President of SLG, to support its position that Defendant is not a debt collector. Def.’s 56.1 Stmt. Ex. A; see also Def.’s Mem. Ex. B, at 5 ¶¶ 1-2. In further support of its motion, Defendant has pointed to the complete absence of evidence in the record demonstrating that SLG: is a “debt collector” as defined in the Act, engaged in any debt collection activities, or initiated any telephone communications with Plaintiff or third parties.
In responding to Defendant’s motion, Plaintiff argues that a jury should be allowed to determine whether Defendant is a debt collector. PL’s Mem. Law Opp. Mot. Summ. J. (“PL’s Mem.”) 1-2, Doc. 22. However, Plaintiff does not offer any evidence to rebut Defendant’s testimony that SLG is merely a credit card processing company. Nor does he offer any evidence of his own to otherwise demonstrate that Defendant is a “business the principal purpose of which is the collection of any debts,” or that Defendant “regularly collects or attempts to collect” debts owed or allegedly owed to another.
Plaintiffs failure to offer any evidence to support this essential element of his claim is reason enough to grant Defendant’s Motion for Summary Judgment on his FDCPA claim.
Therefore, because Plaintiff has not offered any evidence showing that Defendant is a “debt collector” within the meaning of the Act, Plaintiffs FDCPA claim is DISMISSED.
Defendant has also moved for summary judgment on Plaintiffs state law claims. Where, as here, all federal law claims are eliminated before trial, the “traditional Values of judicial economy, convenience, fairness, and comity’ ” weigh in favor of declining to exercise supplemental jurisdiction over any remaining state law claims. Kolari v. N.Y.-Presbyterian Hosp., 455 F.3d 118, 122 (2d Cir. 2006) (quoting Camegie-Mellon Univ. v. Cohill, 484 U.S. 343, 350, 108 S.Ct. 614, 98 L.Ed.2d 720 (1988)). Having dismissed Plaintiffs sole federal claim, the Court declines to exercise supplemental jurisdiction over Plaintiffs state law claims. 28 U.S.C. § 1367(c)(3).
Therefore, Plaintiffs intentional infliction of emotional distress, invasion of privacy, defamation and N.Y. Gen. Bus. Law § 349 claims are DISMISSED without prejudice.
V. Remaining Defendants
Neither party addresses Plaintiffs claims against the “John Doe” and “XYZ, Inc” Defendants in connection with SLG’s Motion for Summary Judgment. Plaintiff has never sought to amend the Complaint to identify these defendants, nor has he suggested that anything prevented him from naming these defendants or otherwise amending his complaint in a timely fashion. Moreover^ prior to the filing of the instant motion and after the close of discovery, Plaintiff was given leave to conduct additional discovery regarding the involvement of third parties in the incidents alleged in the Complaint, but failed to do so. See Def.’s Mem. 3. The Court thus concludes that Plaintiff has abandoned his claims against the John Doe and XYZ, Inc Defendants. See Southerland v. City of New York, 680 F.3d 127, 139 n. 12 (2d Cir.), reh’g en banc denied, 681 F.3d 122 (2d Cir. 2012).
Accordingly, Plaintiffs claims against the John Doe and XYZ, Inc Defendants are DISMISSED.
VI.Conclusion
For the reasons set forth above, Plaintiffs FDCPA claim against Sanders Legal Group is DISMISSED, Plaintiffs state law claims against Sanders Legal Group are DISMISSED without prejudice and Plaintiffs claims against the John Doe and XYZ, Inc Defendants are DISMISSED.
The Clerk of the Court is respectfully directed to terminate this motion, Doc. 18, and to close this case.
It is SO ORDERED.
. The Complaint asserts a single cause of action against Defendants for violating the FDCPA, but alleges that Defendants violated nine separate provisions of the Act. Compl. ¶¶ 15-24. Specifically, Plaintiff asserts violations of 15 U.S.C. §§ 1692b(2), 1692b(3), 1692c(a)(l), 1692c(a)(3), 1692c(b), 1692d(l), 1692d(2), 1692d(5) and 1692e(10). Id.
. To assist the Court in its determination as to whether there exist any genuine issues of material fact, Local Rule 56.1 requires a party moving for summary judgment to submit a statement of the material facts that it contends are not genuinely in dispute, Local R. 56.1(a), and requires the opposing party to submit a statement specifically responding to the assertion of each purported undisputed fact by the movant. Local R. 56.1(b); see also Holtz v. Rockefeller & Co., Inc., 258 F.3d 62, 74 (2d Cir. 2001) ("The purpose of Local Rule 56.1 is to streamline the consideration of summary judgment motions by freeing district courts from the need to hunt through voluminous records without guidance from the parties."). Each of the parties’ respective statements of material fact must be supported by a citation to admissible evidence in the record. Local R. 56.1(d); see also Fed. R.Civ.P. 56(c)(1)(A) (requiring reliance on admissible evidence in the record in supporting or controverting a purported material fact). Statements of material fact set forth by the moving party will be deemed admitted for purposes of the motion "unless specifically controverted by a correspondingly numbered paragraph in the statement required to be served by the opposing party.” Local Rule 56.1(c).
Relatedly, the Court has evaluated Plaintiff's unsupported and general assertion that none of Defendant’s exhibits were produced during discovery, Opp. Mot. Summ. J. ("Bleichman Aff.”), Doc. 21, 1, and has found the objection entirely baseless with respect to all but one of Defendant's exhibits. See Def.’s Mem. Ex. C, Doc. 18-3; Def.'s 56.1 Stmt. Ex. B, Doc. 19-2. Because the document filed as Exhibit C to Defendant’s Memorandum of Law and Exhibit B to Defendant’s Rule 56.1 Statement, which is neither authenticated nor executed, was not produced during discovery, it has not been considered by the Court. See Major League Baseball Props., Inc. v. Salvino, Inc., 542 F.3d 290, 309-10 (2d Cir. 2008). The Court also has not considered either of Plaintiff's exhibits, because they contain inadmissible hearsay, are not relevant to Plaintiff's claims, and have never been properly filed with the Court. Id.; see Docs. 20-4, 20-5, 25, 26, 30-1, 30-2.
. The undisputed material facts set forth in paragraphs 1-19 of Defendant’s 56.1 Statement are supported by citations to the Affidavit of Keith Sanders. Def.’s 56.1 Stmt. Ex. A, Doc. 19-1.
. In his affirmation, Plaintiff's counsel asserts that Plaintiff's FDCPA claim "is supported by the tape transcript of the collection agency hired by [SLG] to collect a debt from Plaintiff,” Bleichman Aff. 3; however, there is no tape transcript in the record (or in Plaintiff's exhibits), nor is there any evidence to support the claim — which is improperly asserted for the first time in Plaintiff's opposition papers— that SLG hired a debt collection agency to collect a debt from Plaintiff.
. Plaintiff’s only other arguments in opposition to Defendant's motion are based on facts and theories that are not in the Complaint and which directly contradict the allegations in the Complaint. See PL's Mem. 2, 4-6. Accordingly, the Court has not considered those arguments in analyzing the instant motion. See, e.g., Scott v. City of New York Dep't of Corr., 641 F.Supp.2d 211, 229 (S.D.N.Y. 2009) (explaining that facts and theories raised for the first time in opposition papers should not be considered in resolving a summary judgment motion), aff'd, 445 Fed.Appx. 389 (2d Cir. 2011); see also Tomlins v. Vill. of Wappinger Palls Zoning Bd. of Appeals, 812 F.Supp.2d 357, 363 n. 9 (S.D.N.Y. 2011) (declining to consider facts raised for the first time in opposition papers, "as they do not form the basis for Plaintiff's claims, and the complaint may not be amended simply by raising new facts in opposition to Defendants’ motion.”). The Court notes, however, that consideration of Plaintiff’s other arguments would not have altered the disposition of the instant motion.
. Even if Plaintiff now sought to identify the John Doe and XYZ, Inc. Defendants, any FDCPA claims against them would be time-barred. Southerland, 680 F.3d at 139 n. 12; see also 15 U.S.C. § 1692k(d) (providing that private actions for violations of the FDCPA must be brought "within one year from the date on which the violation occurs”).
Reference
- Full Case Name
- Chaim FELDMAN v. SANDERS LEGAL GROUP, John Doe 1-10, and XYZ, Inc. 1-10, ten names being fictitious and unknown to the the persons or parties intended being the persons or parties, if any
- Cited By
- 13 cases
- Status
- Published