Angamarca v. Da Ciro, Inc.
Angamarca v. Da Ciro, Inc.
Opinion of the Court
OPINION AND ORDER
Before the Court is Defendant Da Ciro’s motion to dismiss Plaintiff Carlos Angamarea because of his failure to appear in person for his deposition and his assertion that he will not appear in person to testify at the trial of this action. Plaintiffs oppose the motion on the grounds that Angamarca’s deposition is available by remote means and dismissal of his claims is an extreme remedy not warranted by the circumstances. For the reasons which follow, Da Ciro’s motion is DENIED.
I. BACKGROUND
Plaintiffs bring this action against Defendant restaurant Da Ciro, Inc. (“Da Ciro”) and its principal, Ciro Verde, for violations of federal and state wage and hour laws. Da Ciro was notified on March 19, 2012, that Carlos Angamarea, a named Plaintiff, had returned to his native Ecuador and would be unable to appear in person for his deposition, or for trial, because as an undocumented immigrant, he is unauthorized to return to the United States. Def.’s Mot. Seeking Dismissal of Angamarea (“Def.’s Mot.”) 1. Plaintiffs’ counsel has offered to have Angamarea deposed via remote means, including by video or telephonic conferencing, which Da Ciro has rejected.
II. DISCUSSION
A. Angamarca’s Deposition Can Be Taken Via Remote Means
Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 30 generally allows for a noticing party to depose a witness in person, or via other requested means, except where the court orders otherwise on motion. Fed.R.Civ.P. 30(b)(4); see Braten v. Kaplan, No. 11 Civ. 3893(DAB) (RLE), 2012 WL 843496, *1 (S.D.N.Y. Mar. 12, 2012) (allowing for plaintiffs deposition to be taken remotely by telephonic or video means). “[Cjourts must strive to achieve a balance between claims of prejudice and those of hardship.” Normande v. Grippo, No. 01 Civ. 7441(JSR)(THK), 2002 WL 59427, at * 1 (S.D.N.Y. Jan. 16, 2002) (finding a hardship for the plaintiff, a resident of Latvia, to attend her deposition in person).
Da Ciro argues that “this Court has long enunciated the policy of requiring a nonresident plaintiff who chooses this district as
Defendants also appear to have been aware of Angamarca’s undocumented status, and his departure to Ecuador should not come as a surprise. Pi’s Opp’n to Def.’s Mot. (“Opp’n”) 4, citing Dep. of Ciro Verde (“Verde Dep.”) (highlighting the fact that Defendants knew of Angamarca’s immigration status because they admitted to paying employees in cash who “did not have the proper documents.”). Da Ciro should not be allowed to assert Angamarca’s immigration status as a defense to a FLSA claim, particularly when the status was known at the time of employment. See Solis v. Cindy’s Total Care, Inc., No. 10 Civ. 7242, 2011 WL 6013844, at *3 (S.D.N.Y. Dee. 2, 2011) (employer cannot “assert a defense under the FLSA on the grounds of the employee’s immigration status” to deny “a claim for back-pay on behalf of undocumented workers who earned, but were not paid, overtime wages,” because such claims “vindicate[ ] not only the policy underlying the FLSA but also federal immigration policy.”). In distinguishing Hoffman Plastic Compounds, Inc. v. National Labor Relations Board, 535 U.S. 137, 122 S.Ct. 1275, 152 L.Ed.2d 271 (2002), the court in Solis found that the redress requested there “pertained only to a period of time following the subject employees’ termination,” whereas the plaintiffs in Solis were seeking backpay “exclusively for work that was performed.” Solis, 2011 WL 6013844, at *2; see also NLRB v. Domsey Trading Corp., 636 F.3d 33 (2d Cir. 2011).
As in Solis, Angamarca seeks damages for compensation that was not paid for work that has been performed. The purpose of FLSA is to prevent employers from benefitting from the illegal practice of underpaying employees or refusing to pay employees just compensation for earned wages. Failing to enforce FLSA because the employer raises the immigration status of his employee as a defense to compensation allows the employer to “effectively be immunized from its duty under the statute to pay earned wages, and would thereby be able to undercut law-abiding employers who hired lawful workers, as those workers would not be disabled from vindicating their FLSA rights.” Id. at *3. While Hoffman pointed out that federal immigration policy does not condone an employee’s use of fraudulent means to secure employment, such as tendering a false birth certificate, the underlying policy in FLSA is to prevent “the unjust enrichment of employers who hire illegal workers so as to pay substandard wages.” Id.
Angamarca points out that in Ciro Verde’s deposition, Verde admitted to paying undocumented employees less precisely because of their immigration status. Opp’n 4; see also Dep. of Ciro Verde, Annexed to Deck of Jessica Tischler as Ex. A. at 45 (Verde testified that he paid “[cjash for [those] who did not have proper documents”). Defendants
B. Angamarca Is Not Required to Appear In Person at Trial
Parties are not entitled to a court order precluding witnesses, who have refused to appear at the beginning of a trial because they resided more than 100 miles from this district, from later offering testimony on behalf of their particular claims. A.I.A. Holdings, S.A. v. Lehman Brothers, Inc., No. 97 Civ. 4978(LMM), 2002 WL 31324030, *1-2 (S.D.N.Y. Oct. 16, 2002); see Fed. R. Civ. P. 45(b)(2) (allowing testimony from witnesses who resided beyond the 100-mile radius of the court’s jurisdiction and refusing to extend the power of a subpoena to compel their attendance in-person at trial). Additionally, this Court is not required to compel Angamarca’s attendance at trial, and Defendants “do not contend that the court has the power to order plaintiffs to attend their own trial.” Id. (citing Standard Metals Corp. v. Tomlin, No. 80 Civ. 2983, 1982 WL 1300, at *1-2 (S.D.N.Y. Apr. 14, 1982) (distinguishing between Rule 30(b), governing a court’s discretion to determine the location of a deposition, and Rule 45(e)(1), which is silent as to such discretion and a court’s ability to compel attendance)). Angamarca argues that while he can give testimony remotely, his testimony may not necessarily be needed at trial to prove liability, because of admissions by Da Ciro. Opp’n 11-12 (citing Verde’s deposition where he concedes that he violated the law and accepts, albeit reluctantly, responsibility for paying back Plaintiffs’ wages). Da Ciro points to the decreased significance of Anga-marca taking the oath abroad, should a foreign deposition be permitted, see United States v. Oudovenko, No. 00 Civ. 1014, 2001 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 2549, at *8, 2001 WL 253027, at *3 (E.D.N.Y. Mar. 7, 2001). However, should Angamarca perjure himself, he runs the risk of dismissal of his claims and possible future prosecution. See 18 U.S.C.A. § 1621.
III. CONCLUSION
The Court finds that Angamarca may appear remotely for his deposition, and the Parties may determine the appropriate means for deposing him. Additionally, he cannot be compelled to appear in-person for trial and his claims are not subject to dismissal based on his inability to appear physically.
Reference
- Full Case Name
- Carlos ANGAMARCA v. DA CIRO, INC.
- Cited By
- 7 cases
- Status
- Published