Pacherille v. Burns
Pacherille v. Burns
Opinion of the Court
MEMORANDUM-DECISION AND ORDER
I. Introduction
Plaintiff Tony Pacherille commenced this action against defendant Brian Burns,
II. Background
The genesis of this action is the New York State criminal case of Pache-rille’s son, Anthony Pacherille, Jr., over which Judge Burns, an Otsego County Court Judge, presided. (Am. Compl. ¶ 10.) Pacherille Jr., then sixteen'years old, was charged with, among other things, “attempted murder in the first degree as a hate crime, as the result of an incident in which he shot a classmate who was an African American.” People v. Pacherille, 106 A.D.3d 1136, 1137, 963 N.Y.S.2d 783 (3d Dep’t 2013).
Prior to sentencing, defense counsel requested that Pacherille Jr. be sentenced as a youthful offender. (Am. Compl. ¶ 10.) In support of that request, defense counsel submitted sixty-two letters, one of which was from Pacherille. (Id.) Among other things, Pacherille’s letter pleaded that Judge Burns, “[a]s a father of a boy Anthony’s age,” consider the “undeveloped
After the sentencing, Pacherille planned to protest Judge Burns’ decision. (Am. Compl. ¶ 12.) Pacherille picked up a gathering application, seeking permission from the City of Oneonta to publically protest Judge Burns’ decision. (Id. ¶ 13.) While reviewing the application, Pacherille noticed that it required that the place of protest be listed. (Id.) On August 2, 2011, Pacherille went to Judge Burns’ residence to confirm his address and measure the sidewalk. (Id.; Dkt. No. 22, Attach. 2.) When Pacherille went to Judge Burns’ residence, only Burns’ wife was home. (Dkt. No. 22, Attach. 2.) Judge Burns’ wife answered the door, and soon asked that Pacherille leave her porch. (Id.).
Soon after Pacherille left, Judge Burns called the police, and on August 5, 2011, he filed a complaint and signed a sworn deposition, charging Pacherille with harassment and claiming that Judge Burns believed Pacherille’s behavior “serve[d] no •legitimate purpose,” that Pacherille’s only intentions were to “intimidate, harass[,] and annoy [him],” and that he feared for himself and his family. (Id.; Am. Compl. ¶¶ 14, 23.) Pacherille then received a phone call from the Chief of Police, who told him to stay away from Judge Burns’ house. (Am. Compl. ¶ 23.) On August 3, 2010, Pacherille received a Cease and Desist letter from the New York State Unified Court System, directing Pacherille to “refrain from any harassing, offensive or otherwise disruptive contact or communication with Judge Burns or any member of his family.” (Dkt. No. 22, Attach. 3.) The harassment charges were eventually dismissed on February 16, 2012. (Am. Compl. ¶ 16.)
III. Standard of Review
The standard of review under Fed. R.Civ.P. 12 is well established and will not be repeated here. For a full discussion of the standard, the court refers the parties to its decision in Ellis v. Cohen & Slamowitz, LLP, 701 F.Supp.2d 215, 218 (N.D.N.Y. 2010).
IV. Discussion
Judge Burns argues that Pacherille’s amended complaint must be dismissed, principally because he is entitled to absolute judicial immunity — or, at least, qualified immunity. (Dkt. No. 20, Attach. 2 at 3-10; Dkt. No. 28 at 3-5; Dkt. No. 30 at 1-2.) Pacherille contends that Judge Burns is entitled to neither absolute nor qualified immunity. (Dkt. No. 29 at 3-6.) The court agrees with Judge Burns.
A. Absolute Judicial Immunity
“It is well settled that judges generally have absolute immunity from suits for money damages for their judicial actions.” Bliven v. Hunt, 579 F.3d 204, 209 (2d Cir. 2009) (citations omitted). This
In determining whether or not a judge acted in the clear absence of all jurisdiction, the judge’s jurisdiction is “to be construed broadly, and the asserted immunity will only be overcome when the judge clearly lacks jurisdiction over the subject matter.” Ceparano v. Southampton Justice Court, 404 Fed.Appx. 537, 539 (2d Cir. 2011) (internal quotation marks and citation omitted). “Whether a judge acted in a judicial capacity depends on the nature of the act [complained of] itself, i.e., whether it is a function normally performed by a judge, and [on] the expectations of the parties, i.e., whether they dealt with the judge in his judicial capacity.” Id. (internal quotation marks and citation omitted). Moreover, if the judge is' performing in his judicial capacity, immunity does not give way even if “the action he took was in error, was done maliciously, or was in excess of his authority.” Id. (internal quotation marks and citation omitted).
Here, Judge Burns argues that Huminski v. Corsones, 386 F.3d 116 (2d Cir. 2004) is directly on point. (Dkt. No. 22 at 4-8.) In Huminski, Judge Corsones presided over Huminski’s criminal case. 386 F.3d at 122. After the disposition of his criminal case, Huminski, among other things, began parking his van, which he covered with signs condemning the judicial system, in the parking lot of the courthouse where Judge Corsones typically sat. Id. Additionally, on a day when Judge Corsones was assigned to another courthouse fifty miles away, Huminski parked his van at that courthouse, and covered his van with signs criticizing her. Id. at 124. Consequently, Judge Corsones, concerned about her safety and the safety of her family, requested that court personnel contact law enforcement and have Huminski removed from the courthouse; she also requested that he be served with notices of trespass, prohibiting him from entering onto her personal residence and former law office, where her then-husband practiced. See id. at 125-27. After receiving the notices of trespass and leaving the premises without incident, Huminski brought suit against Judge Corsones, among others, for violation of his First Amendment rights. Id. at 129.
The Second Circuit concluded that Judge Corsones was entitled to absolute judicial immunity from any liability arising from her participation in the decision to issue the trespass notices. Id. at 140-41.
The court further concluded that Judge Corsones’s actions were “essentially in her judicial capacity,” because she presided over Huminski’s criminal case, and Humin-ski’s subsequent complaints and protests regarding her “derived from and focused on [Judge] Corsones’s judicial performance in vacating his plea agreement.” Id. Finally, the court noted that “the principles underlying judicial immunity suggest that Corsones’s actions should be protected.” Id. Specifically, the court stated that:
[e]xposing [Judge Corsones] to liability for her part in the decision to issue the trespass notices in response to Humin-ski’s activities, which were in response to her judicial decisions in a case before her, would be inconsistent with the protection of the independence of her deci-sionmaking. A judge cannot be expected regularly and dispassionately to make decisions adverse to overtly hostile parties if subsequent actions to protect herself, her staff, and those in her courthouse from such hostility may result in the rigors of defending against — and even the possibility of losing — lengthy and costly litigation.
Id.
While Huminski is not identical to this case, the court is persuaded by the factual similarities.
Further, Pacherille was actively involved in the proceeding — as evidenced by his pre-sentencing letter — and he was extremely vocal and critical about both the
Under these circumstances, it is reasonable to conclude that Judge Burns was performing a judicial act and acting in his judicial capacity.
B. Qualified Immunity
Qualified immunity > generally protects governmental officials from civil liability “insofar as their conduct does not violate clearly established statutory or constitutional rights of which a reasonable person would have known.” Harlow v. Fitzgerald, 457 U.S. 800, 818, 102 S.Ct. 2727, 73 L.Ed.2d 396 (1982). However, even if the constitutional privileges “are so clearly defined that a reasonable public official would know that his actions might violate those rights, qualified ... immunity might still be available ... if it was objectively reasonable for the public official to believe that his acts did not violate those rights.” Kaminsky v. Rosenblum, 929 F.2d 922, 925 (2d Cir. 1991); see Wagner v. Swarts, 827 F.Supp.2d 85, 101 (N.D.N.Y. 2011), aff'd sub nom. Wagner v. Sprague, 489 Fed.Appx. 500 (2d Cir. 2012).
Here, assuming, without deciding, that Pacherille has demonstrated a violation of a clearly established right,
V. Conclusion
WHEREFORE, for the foregoing reasons, it is hereby
ORDERED that Burns’ motion to dismiss (Dkt. Nos. 20, 23) is GRANTED; and it is further
ORDERED that Pacherille’s amended complaint (Dkt. No. 22) is DISMISSED; and it is further
ORDERED that Pacherille’s letter requesting oral argument (Dkt. No. 12) is DENIED, and it is further
ORDERED that the Clerk close this case; and it is further
ORDERED that the Clerk provide a copy of this Memorandum-Decision and Order to the parties.
IT IS SO ORDERED.
. Pacherille's amended complaint also named as defendants the County of Otsego, the City of Oneonta, and the City of Oneonta Police Department. (Am. Compl., Dkt. No. 22.) However, the parties stipulated to dismiss these defendants, and only Judge Burns remains. (Dkt. Nos. 33, 34.)
. Unless otherwise noted, in discussing the background of this action, the court "con-finéis] its consideration to facts stated on the face of the [amended] complaint, in documents appended to the [amended] complaint or incorporated in the [amended] complaint by reference, and to matters of which judicial notice may be taken.” Serdarevic v. Centex Homes, LLC, 760 F.Supp.2d 322, 328 (S.D.N.Y. 2010) (quoting Leonard F. v. Israel Disc. Bank of N.Y., 199 F.3d 99, 107 (2d Cir. 1999) (internal quotation marks omitted)). The facts are presented in the light most favorable to Pacherille.
."A court may take judicial notice of matters of public record, including ... decisions in prior state court adjudications.” Johnson v. Pugh, No. 11-CV-385, 2013 WL 3013661, at *2 (E.D.N.Y. June 18, 2013).
. In a sworn deposition, which is attached to the amended complaint, Judge Burns further stated that he believed that Pacherille "created a fake Facebook page using District Attorney John Muehl's name,” on which Judge Burns' photo was posted, along with "false statements of a graphic sexual nature of a relationship between” Judge Burns and the District Attorney. (Dkt. No. 22, Attach. 2.) Judge Burns also noted that a second Face-book page was created in his name, which was quickly taken down. (Id.)
. Judicial immunity shields judges from suit to the extent that they are sued in their individual capacities. See Martinez v. Queens Cnty. Dist. Attorney, No. 12-CV-06262, 2014 WL 1011054, at *8 n. 8 (E.D.N.Y. Mar. 17, 2014); McKnight v. Middleton, 699 F.Supp.2d 507, 521-25 (E.D.N.Y. 2010), aff'd, 434 Fed.Appx. 32 (2d Cir. 2011). The Eleventh Amendment shields judges from suit to the extent that they are sued in their official capacities. Martinez, 2014 WL 1011054, at *8 n. 8. Here, Judge Burns is sued, for only money damages, in both his official and individual capacities. (Am. Compl.) As discussed at length below, Judge Burns is entitled to judicial immunity to the extent that he is sued in his individual capacity. Further, to the extent that he is sued in his official capacity, Judge Burns is immune under the Eleventh Amendment. See Hilton v. Wright, 928 F.Supp.2d 530, 546 (N.D.N.Y. 2013).
. In an attempt to distinguish Huminski from the case át bar, Pacherille notes that the court in Huminski found that “the actions of the judge ... did violate [the defendants'] rights/' but that "[t]he only reason immunity was granted in that case was because 'this individual right was not well-settled at the time of the events at issue.’ ” (Dkt. No. 29 at 5 (citing Huminski, 386 F.3d at 121).) Pache-rille, however, confuses and conflates Humin-ski 's discussion of absolute judicial immunity with its discussion of qualified immunity.
. On the one hand, Pacherille argues that Judge Burns was not acting in his judicial capacity, and instead was satisfying a personal vendetta, but, on the other hand, Pacherille discusses Judge Burns’ “official act” of reviewing Pacherille's sentencing letter, and concedes that Judge Burns acted "in his capacity as a judge.” (Dkt. No. 29 at 3-4.) While the court notes, as did the court in Huminski, that "it can be difficult to distinguish between those actions that are judicial,” and those that are not, 386 F.3d at 138, as discussed above, the nexus between Judge Burns’ role as a judge and Pacherille’s conduct is sufficiently close to entitle Judge Burns to judicial immunity.
. While the court views Pacherille’s complaint in- the light most favorable to him, it is far from clear that he has established violations of his established constitutional rights. For instance, with respect to his Fourth Amendment malicious prosecution claim,
. “[W]e see no reason why even a traditional qualified immunity defense may not be asserted on a Rule 12(b)(6) motion as long as the defense is based on facts appearing on the face of the complaint.” McKenna v. Wright, 386 F.3d 432, 436 (2d Cir. 2004).
Reference
- Full Case Name
- Tony PACHERILLE v. Brian BURNS
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- Published